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81 DIVERSIFICATION
Диверсификация
1. Расширение деятельности компании за счет производства разнообразных модификаций одной и той же продукции и торговли не на одном, а сразу на нескольких рынках. Диверсификация также называется многопрофильной или разносторонней интеграцией (conglomerate integration). С точки зрения компании основными преимуществами диверсификации являются: а) возможность распределения риска за счет продажи широкой номенклатуры товаров на разных рынках, что компенсирует потери на одном рынке за счет доходов на других и обеспечивает таким образом хорошие результаты деятельности фирмы в целом; б) в долговременной перспективе, возможность переориентации на новые рынки, обещающие быстрый рост и высокие прибыли; в) обеспечение высокой эффективности работы компании за счет эффекта синергизма. Диверсификация в основном ассоциируется с расширением крупных компаний-олигополий, управляемых профессиональными менеджерами, которые преследуют цели долговременного роста. Рост влияния диверсифицированных компаний ставит ряд важных вопросов, связанных с проблемами распределения ресурсов: ресурсы все в меньшей степени распределяются на основе рыночной конкуренции и все больше их распределение зависит от планирования внутри компаний. Иными словами, менеджеры, а не рынок определяют направления движения ресурсов. Диверсификация, таким образом, с одной стороны, способствует повышению эффективности и стимулирует конкуренцию, а с другой стороны, ограничивая конкуренцию, может приводить к менее эффективному использованию ресурсов (см. Managerial theories of the firm). Диверсификация может производить эффект синергизма (2 2 > 4), который возникает в результате сочетания одного вида деятельности с другим или заимствования управленческого опыта. Например, при слиянии компаний хорошая организация производственной деятельности одной компании прекрасно дополняет слаженную структуру сбыта продукции другой компании, делая более эффективной их совместную деятельность. Подобным образом, если объединенная компания перенимает ценный управленческий опыт одной из компаний, она получает возможность сокращать издержки производства и улучшать качество продукции. С учетом как позитивного, так и негативного влияния диверсификации на конкуренцию, согласно британскому закону о конкуренции, любое слияние/поглощение компаний, производящих многономенклатурную продукцию, активы которых превышают Ј70 млн., должно контролироваться Комиссией по конкуренции, которая оценивает соответствие их деятельности интересам общества. См. Office of fair trading, Vertical integration, Horizontal integration, Transfer pricing. 2. Распределение инвестиционного портфеля между разными финансовыми инструментами в целях защиты его от рисков (см. Portfolio).Новый англо-русский словарь-справочник. Экономика. > DIVERSIFICATION
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82 procedure
1) процедура; порядок2) судопроизводство, процесс•- procedure in appeal
- procedure on appeal
- procedure of examination
- procedure of grant
- appeal procedure
- cancellation procedure
- civil procedure
- compact procedure
- examination procedure
- formal procedure
- interference procedure
- judicial procedure
- legal procedure
- managerial procedure
- nullity procedure
- opposition procedure
- patent procedure
- patent examination procedure
- patent office procedure
- preliminary procedure
- registration procedure
- revival procedure
- revocation procedure
- special examining procedure -
83 authority
1) власть, полномочие; полнота власти; сфера компетенции2) орган власти; орган управления3) источник права; закон; прецедент; судебное решение; документ; авторитетный учебник по праву4) авторитет; авторитетный специалист; авторитетное утверждение6) доказательство; основание7) доверенность; полномочие; правомочие; разрешение•by authority — с разрешения, по полномочию;
authority by estoppel — полномочия агента, неопровержимо презюмируемые на основании поведения принципала;
authority by law — правомочие по закону;
by authority of law — властью, в силу закона;
by state authority — властью штата;
authority conferred by office — власть, полномочия, правомочия по должности;
on authority — на основании; со ссылкой на... ;
source of authority — источник власти или авторитета;
to clothe with authority — облечь властью, полномочиями;
to divest of authority — лишить власти, полномочий, правомочий;
authority to issue warrants — орган власти, полномочный выдавать ордера;
authority to sign — право подписи;
to vest with authority — предоставить власть, полномочия, правомочия;
under authority of — в силу, на основании;
without authority — не будучи управомочен;
without due authority — не будучи должным образом управомочен;
without lawful authority — без законного на то права;
- authority to punishinternational preliminary examining authority — пат. орган международной предварительной экспертизы
- by the weight of authority
- authority of government
- authority of law
- absolute authority
- actual authority
- adjudicating authority
- adjudicatory authority
- administering authority
- administrative authority
- apparent authority
- approving authority
- assumed authority
- bad authority
- blanket authority
- broad discretion authority
- broad discretion enforcement authority
- budget authority
- case authority
- chief executive authority
- circuit authorities
- citable authority
- city authorities
- civil authorities
- coercive authority
- committing authority
- competent authority
- constituted authorities
- constitutional authority
- constructive authority
- correctional authorities
- custom authority
- decisive authority
- delegated authority
- demanding authority
- detaining authority
- direct authority
- discretionary authority
- discretion authority
- discretionary diversion authority
- district authorities
- executive authority
- express authority
- express legislative authority
- extraditing authority
- federal authority
- final authority
- forged authority
- full authority
- general authority
- good authority
- implied authority
- incidental authority
- independent authority
- international authority
- investigating authority
- issuing authority
- judicial authority
- law enforcement authority
- lawful authorities
- legal authority
- legislative authority
- licensing authority
- limited authority
- local authority
- managerial authority
- military authority
- municipal authority
- naked authority
- national authority
- naval authorities
- non-constitutional authority
- non-statutory authority
- older authority
- operative authority
- ostensible authority
- parental authority
- parole authority
- patent authority
- penal authorities
- permissive authority
- persuasive authority
- police authority
- policing authority
- political authority
- primary authority
- public authority
- rating authority
- real authority
- receiving authority
- recognized authority
- regal authority
- regulating authority
- requisite authority
- reviewing authority
- rural authorities
- secondary authority
- signatory authority
- special authority
- specific authority
- spending authority
- state authority
- statutory authority
- supervisory authority
- supreme authority
- town authorities
- ultimate authority of decision
- universal authority
- unlimited authority
- urban authorities
- vicarious authority
- youth authority
- regulatory authority -
84 административный
administrative; ( относящийся к управлению) managerialадминистрати́вное деле́ние — administrative division
администрати́вные спосо́бности — administrative ability sg
администрати́вное зда́ние — office building
администрати́вное пра́во — administrative law
администрати́вная отве́тственность юр. — responsibility under administrative law
привле́чь кого́-л к администрати́вной отве́тственности — penalize smb under administrative law
администрати́вное взыска́ние — penalty under administrative law
в администрати́вном поря́дке — by administrative means
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85 employee
nрабочий; служащий; работающий по найму
- alien employee
- bank employee
- commissioned employee
- company employee
- executive employee
- full-time employee
- ghost employees on the payroll
- government employee
- highly-compensated employee
- highly-trained employee
- hourly paid employee
- key employee
- leading employee
- long-service employee
- management employee
- managerial employee
- manufacturing employee
- municipal employee
- nonexempt employee
- office employee
- part-time employee
- permanent employee
- probationary employee
- public employee
- regular employee
- salaried employee
- wage employee
- employee of a bankEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > employee
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86 personnel
nперсонал, штат; кадры; аппарат
- additional personnel
- administrative personnel
- armed forces personnel
- auxiliary personnel
- buyer's personnel
- duty personnel
- efficient personnel
- engineering personnel
- executive personnel
- experienced personnel
- fabrication personnel
- field personnel
- flight personnel
- foreign personnel
- highly-qualified personnel
- highly-skilled personnel
- information personnel
- inspection personnel
- key personnel
- line personnel
- maintenance personnel
- management personnel
- managerial personnel
- managing personnel
- military personnel
- office and management personnel
- operating personnel
- operational personnel
- production personnel
- professional personnel
- qualified personnel
- quality assurance personnel
- quality control personnel
- reliability assurance personnel
- salaried personnel
- sales personnel
- scientific personnel
- seller's personnel
- service personnel
- shipping personnel
- skilled personnel
- supervisory personnel
- support personnel
- technical personnel
- trade personnel
- trained personnelEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > personnel
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87 staff
1. n1) штат (служащих)2) персонал, личный состав
- administrative staff
- advisory staff
- attendant staff
- catering staff
- clerical staff
- competent staff
- coordinating staff
- directing staff
- editorial staff
- efficient staff
- executive staff
- fabrication staff
- farm staff
- field staff
- general staff
- highly qualified staff
- incompetent staff
- indoor staff
- junior staff
- key engineering staff
- local staff
- maintenance staff
- management staff
- managerial staff
- managing staff
- medical staff
- office staff
- operating staff
- operational staff
- operative staff
- part-time staff
- permanent staff
- process control staff
- production staff
- qualified staff
- regular staff
- salaried staff
- sales staff
- senior staff
- service staff
- skilled staff
- substantive staff
- supervision staff
- supervisory staff
- teaching staff
- technical staff
- temporary staff
- trained staff
- training staff
- voluntary staff
- staff of a ministry
- appoint staff
- be on the staff
- be short of staff
- dismiss staff
- employ staff
- engage staff
- lay off staff
- recall the staff
- replace the staff
- slash staff
- take on the staff2. v -
88 system
n1) система; комплекс2) система; порядок; классификация3) метод; способ
- accelerated cost recovery system
- accounting system
- actual cost system
- administrative system
- advanced system
- airline system
- appointment system
- assessment system
- automated control system
- automated management system
- automatic conveyor system
- automatic data processing system
- automatic transfer system
- banking system
- batch system
- bidding system
- bilateral clearing system
- bimetallic monetary system
- bonus system
- budgetary control system
- cash system
- centralized control system
- central record system
- chain store system
- checking system
- classification system
- clearing system
- clearing house interbank payment system
- closed system
- closed system of finance
- communication system
- computerised system
- computerised system of payments
- computerised interbank clearing system
- conference system
- constrained system
- constraint system
- container system
- contract system
- contractual vertical marketing system
- control system
- controlled system
- corporate vertical marketing system
- cost accounting system
- cost control system
- cost distribution system
- credit system
- crediting system
- credit scoring system
- credit transfer system
- cropping system
- currency system
- data system
- data acquisition system
- data collection system
- data interchange system
- data processing system
- data transmission system
- decentralized system
- decimal system
- deferred rebate system
- department incentive system
- deposit insurance system
- distribution system
- dual system
- dual-pay system
- dual price system
- dual standard cost system
- dynamic system
- economic system
- educational system
- electronic book-entry system
- electronic fund transfer system
- engineering system
- equilibrium system
- estimate cost system
- European monetary system
- evaluation system
- exchange system
- factory system
- farming system
- farm price system
- Federal Reserve System
- feedback system
- financial system
- fiscal system
- forecasting system
- free enterprise system
- generalized system of preferences
- giro system
- hauling system
- hire purchase system
- historical cost system
- household system
- import quota system
- imprest system
- industrial system
- inefficient tax system
- information system
- information retrieval system
- in-plant system
- inspection system
- integrated accounting system
- integrated record system
- Internet-based system
- inventory control system
- irrigation system
- job order cost system
- judicial system
- justice system
- land tenure system
- land-use system
- legal system
- licence system
- linear system
- lump system
- macroeconomic system
- management system
- management information system
- managerial system
- market system
- marketing system
- master system
- measuring system
- mechanical accounting system
- mercantile system
- metric system
- monetary system
- monitoring system
- multichannel system
- multicomputer system
- multidepot system
- multiitem system
- multilateral system of settlements
- multilevel system
- multiple system
- multiproduct inventory system
- multipurpose system
- multirobot system
- multistage system
- multiuser computer system
- national banking system
- normalized system
- office system
- one-crop system
- one-price system
- open price system
- operating system
- operational system
- order system
- ordering system
- par value system
- patent system
- pay system
- pay-as-you-earn system
- pay-as-you-go system
- payment system
- petty cash system
- piecework system
- planning system
- postal system
- post giro system
- power system
- premium system
- price system
- priority system
- private enterprise system
- process control system
- processing system
- production system
- product testing system
- programme system
- programme development system
- programming system
- protectionist system
- protective system
- public-address system
- quality system
- quality intelligence system
- quality rating system
- queueing system
- quota system
- railroad system
- railway system
- rating system
- rationing system
- real-time system
- recording system
- record keeping system
- reference system
- registration system
- relay system
- remote-control system
- reporting system
- retail trade system
- retrieval system
- risk-management system
- rotation system
- savings bank system
- scoring system
- search system
- selection system
- service system
- settlement system
- sewage system
- shared resource system
- shuttle system
- single system
- single-channel system
- social system
- stable system
- stand-alone system
- standard system
- standard cost system
- standby system
- state system
- static system
- stationary system
- storage system
- storekeeping system
- supply system
- sweating system
- tariff system
- tax system
- taxation system
- telecommunication system
- telephone system
- telephone answering system
- tender system
- tenure system
- testing system
- time-shared system
- timesharing system
- transfer system
- transmission system
- transport system
- transportation system
- trial system
- truck system
- two-shift system
- two-tier banking system
- two-tier gold system
- underwriting system
- uniform system of accounts
- universal time system
- unstable system
- value system
- vertical marketing system
- voucher system
- wage system
- wage labour system
- warehousing system
- waste disposal system
- waste handling system
- waste treatment system
- water system
- weighting system
- working system
- world system
- system of accounts
- system of administration
- system of bookkeeping
- system of classification
- system of control
- system of distribution
- system of information
- system of levies
- system of management
- system of marketing
- system of marking
- system of protective tariffs
- system of sales
- system of settlements
- system of tariffs
- system of taxation
- system of transportation
- system of units
- system of weights and measures
- bypass the banking system
- convert to a metric system
- design a system
- operate a system
- phase out the quota systemEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > system
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89 work
1. n1) работа; труд; дело2) место работы; должность, занятие3) действие, функционирование4) изделие; изделия, продукция5) заготовка; обрабатываемое изделие6) pl завод, фабрика, мастерские7) pl инженерное сооружение
- actual work
- additional work
- adjustment work
- administrative work
- agency work
- agricultural work
- aircraft works
- ancillary work
- art work
- artistic work
- assembly work
- auditing work
- auxiliary work
- building works
- casual work
- civil work
- civil engineering works
- clerical work
- commercial work
- commission work
- commissioning work
- construction works
- contract work
- contractor's works
- daily work
- day work
- day-to-day work
- decorating work
- decoration work
- defective work
- design work
- double-shift work
- efficient work
- engineering work
- engineering works
- field work
- fine work
- finishing work
- full-capacity work
- full-time work
- future work
- hand work
- heavy engineering works
- high-class work
- highly mechanized work
- highly skilled work
- hired work
- incentive work
- installation work
- integrated works
- intellectual work
- iron and steel works
- joint work
- laboratory work
- labour-intensive work
- lorry works
- low-paid work
- machine work
- maintenance work
- maker's works
- managerial work
- manual work
- manufacturer's works
- mechanical work
- metallurgical works
- mounting work
- multishift work
- night work
- nonshift work
- office work
- one-shift work
- on-site work
- outdoor work
- outstanding work
- overtime work
- packing work
- paid work
- paper work
- partial work
- part-time work
- patent work
- permanent work
- piece work
- planned work
- planning work
- practical work
- preliminary work
- preparatory work
- productive work
- reconstruction work
- regular work
- remedial work
- repair work
- rescue work
- research work
- routine work
- rush work
- rythmical work
- salvage work
- satisfactory work
- scheduled work
- scientific work
- seasonal work
- second-shift work
- serial work
- service work
- shift work
- short-time work
- smooth work
- spare-time work
- stevedore work
- stevedoring work
- subcontract work
- subcontractor's works
- subsidiary work
- survey and research work
- task work
- team work
- temporary work
- testing work
- time work
- two-shift work
- unhealthy work
- unskilled work
- wage work
- well-paid work
- work according to the book
- work at normal working hours
- work at piece rates
- work at time rates
- work by contract
- work by hire
- work by the piece
- work by the rules
- work for hire
- work in process
- work in progress
- works of art
- work of development
- work of equipment
- work of an exhibition
- work on a contract
- work on a contractual basis
- work on hand
- work on a project
- work on schedule
- work on the site
- work under way
- ex works
- out of work
- fit for work
- unfit for work
- work done
- work performed
- accept work
- accomplish work
- alter work
- assess work
- be at work
- be behind with one's work
- begin work
- bill work
- be on short time work
- be thrown out of work
- carry out work
- cease work
- close down the works
- commence work
- complete work
- control work
- coordinate work
- correct work
- do work
- employ on work
- entrust with work
- evaluate work
- execute work
- expedite work
- finalize work
- finish work
- fulfil work
- get work
- get down to work
- give out work by contract
- go ahead with work
- hold up work
- improve work
- inspect work
- insure work
- interfere with work
- interrupt work
- leave off work
- look for work
- organize work
- pay for work
- perform work
- postpone work
- proceed with work
- provide work
- put off work
- rate work
- rectify defective work
- reject work
- remedy defective work
- resume work
- retire from work
- speed up work
- start work
- step up work
- stop work
- superintend work
- supervise work
- suspend work
- take over work
- take up work
- terminate work
- undertake work2. v1) работать2) действовать, функционировать3) обрабатывать
- work off
- work out
- work over
- work overtime
- work to rule
- work up -
90 дирекция
directorate, амер. directory, management, board of directors, managerial board; (помещение дирекции) director`s office -
91 capacity
1. n ёмкость, вместимость, объёмcapacity audience — переполненный зал; полный сбор
2. n литраж, рабочий объём цилиндра3. n способность4. n юр. правоспособность5. n умственные способности6. n компетенция7. n должность, качество; положениеofficial capacity — должностное положение, должность
8. n номинальная мощность; максимальная производительность9. n производственные мощности10. n электрическая ёмкостьpetrol capacity — ёмкость бензобаков; запас бензина
holding capacity — ёмкость, вместимость
11. n тех. предельные габариты обрабатываемого изделия12. n информ. вчт. объём, ёмкость13. n информ. вчт. разрядностьregister capacity — емкость регистра; разрядность регистра
14. n информ. вчт. пропускная способностьСинонимический ряд:1. contents (noun) contents; cubic contents; dimensions; measure; room; size; space; spread; volume2. degree (noun) degree; extent; limit3. position (noun) area; charge; function; office; position; post; province; responsibility; role; sphere4. potential (noun) ability; adequacy; aptitude; aptness; capability; competence; endowment; faculty; genius; might; potential; power; qualification; qualifiedness; strength5. reach (noun) compass; grasp; range; reach; scope6. status (noun) character; footing; place; quality; rank; situation; standing; state; station; statusАнтонимический ряд:inability; incapacity; incompetence; restriction; smallness -
92 executive
1. n исполнительная власть2. n исполнительный орган3. n исполкомexecutive committee — исполнительный комитет, исполком
4. n амер. глава исполнительной власти5. n руководитель, администратор; руководящий работник; сотрудник6. n амер. воен. начальник штаба части7. n амер. воен. помощник командира8. a исполнительный9. a амер. правительственный; президентский, относящийся к президенту10. a администраторский; организаторский11. a соответствующий вкусам и возможностям руководителей, менеджеров12. a высшего качества; дорогой, роскошныйexecutive housing — дома высшей категории; дорогие квартиры
Синонимический ряд:1. administrative (adj.) administrational; administrative; governing; managerial; managing; ministerial; ruling; supervisory2. administrator (noun) administrator; businessman; businessperson; director; entrepreneur; exec; manager; officer; official; supervisorАнтонимический ряд:menial; worker -
93 Job
1. n библ. Иов2. n Джоб3. n многострадальный, терпеливый человекto be as patient as Job — быть терпеливым как Иов;
4. n работа, дело, трудin-process job — продолжающаяся работа; незавершенная работа
5. n разг. трудное дело6. n работа, место службы; должность7. n профессия, род занятий, квалификацияjob analysis — исследование особенностей и специфики разных профессий и требований, предъявляемых к рабочим
job family — родственные работы; родственные профессии
8. n эк. рабочее местоto create new jobs — создавать новые рабочие места, содействовать росту занятости
9. n задание; урокby the job — сдельно, поурочно, поштучно, аккордно
10. n хирургическая операция11. n положение вещей, ситуацияbad job — безнадёжное дело; неудача
12. n разг. коррупция; использование служебного положения в личных целях13. n разг. избиение; нанесение увечий14. n разг. сл. воровство, кража; грабёж15. n разг. сл. штучка; нечто особенноеis it the case that he has lost his job? — правда ли, что он лишился работы?
16. n разг. разг. обыкн. залежавшиеся товары, книги, продаваемые по сниженной цене17. n разг. тех. ком. деталь, изделие; обрабатываемый предметthis job is round-necked and long-sleeved — это изделие имеет круглый вырез и длинный акциденция, акцидентная работа
fat job — тёпленькое местечко, выгодное дельце
18. a сдельный, аккордныйjob work — сдельная, штучная работа
work by the job — сдельная работа; поштучная работа
19. a выполняемый по заказамjob shop — предприятие, работающее по заказам
active job — выполняемая работа; продолжающаяся работа
job lot shop — предприятие, работающее по заказам
20. a продаваемый или покупаемый партиями21. a относящийся к работающим, к занятостиjob security — гарантия занятости; обеспечение работой
22. v работать сдельно23. v нанимать на сдельную работуjob font — акцидентный шрифт, шрифт для акцидентных работ
job placement — подыскание работы; направление на работу
24. v работать нерегулярно; брать случайную работу25. v брать или давать внаём, напрокат лошадей, экипажи26. v бирж. спекулировать, барышничать; быть маклером27. v бирж. быть джоббером28. v бирж. разг. обыкн. продавать по пониженной цене залежавшиеся товары, книги29. v бирж. заключать недобросовестную сделку; злоупотреблять своим служебным положениемСинонимический ряд:1. employment (noun) appointment; berth; billet; business; calling; connection; employment; engagement; line; occupation; office; place; position; post; pursuit; situation; slot; spot; trade; vocation; work2. purpose (noun) function; purpose; role3. task (noun) assignment; chare; chore; devoir; duty; effort; onus; responsibility; stint; task; taskwork4. dupe (verb) bamboozle; befool; catch; chicane; con; dupe; dust; flimflam; fool; gull; hoax; hoodwink; hornswoggle; kid; pigeon; spoof; trick; victimize -
94 административно-управленческий
Бизнес, юриспруденция. Русско-английский словарь > административно-управленческий
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95 административная юрисдикция
административная юрисдикция
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
administrative jurisdiction
The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > административная юрисдикция
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96 административный приказ
административный приказ
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
administrative fiat
An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > административный приказ
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97 juridiction administrative
административная юрисдикция
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
administrative jurisdiction
The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > juridiction administrative
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98 autorisation administrative
административный приказ
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administrative fiat
An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > autorisation administrative
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99 Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit
административная юрисдикция
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
administrative jurisdiction
The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit
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100 Verwaltungszwang
административный приказ
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
administrative fiat
An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. (Source: RHW / BLD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Verwaltungszwang
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