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41 Curtiss, Glenn Hammond
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 May 1878 Hammondsport, New York, USAd. 23 July 1930 Buffalo, New York, USA[br]American designer of aeroplanes, especially seaplanes.[br]Curtiss started his career in the bicycle business, then became a designer of motor-cycle engines, and in 1904 he designed and built an airship engine. The success of his engine led to him joining the Aerial Experimental Association (AEA), founded by the inventor Alexander Graham Bell. Working with the AEA, Curtiss built several engines and designed a biplane, June Bug, in which he won a prize for the first recorded flight of over 1 km (1,100yd) in the USA. In 1909 Curtiss joined forces with Augustus M.Herring, who had earlier flown Octave Chanute's gliders, to form the Herring-Curtiss Company. Their Gold Bug was a success and led to the Golden Flyer, in which Glenn Curtiss won the Gordon Bennett Cup at Rheims in France with a speed of 75.7 km/h (47 mph). At this time the Wright brothers accused Curtiss and the new Curtiss Aeroplane Company of infringing their patent rights, and a bitter lawsuit ensued. The acrimony subsided during the First World War and in 1929 the two companies merged to form the Curtiss-Wright Corporation.Curtiss had started experimenting with water-based aircraft in 1908, but it was not until 1911 that he managed to produce a successful float-plane. He then co-operated with the US Navy in developing catapults to launch aircraft from ships at sea. During the First World War, Curtiss produced the JN-4 Jenny trainer, which became probably his best-known design. This sturdy bi-plane continued in service long after the war and was extensively used by "barnstorming" pilots at air shows and for early mail flights. In 1919 a Navy-Curtiss NC-4 flying boat achieved the first flight across the Atlantic, having made the crossing in stages, refuelling en route. Curtiss himself, however, had little interest in aviation in his later years and turned his attention to real-estate development in Florida.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRobert J.Collier Trophy 1911, 1912. US Aero Club Gold Medal 1911, 1912. Smithsonian Institution Langley Gold Medal 1913.Further ReadingL.S.Casey, 1981, Curtiss: The Hammondsport Era 1907–1915, New York. C.R.Roseberry, 1972, Glenn Curtiss, Pioneer of Flight, New York.R.Taylor and Walter S.Taylor, 1968, Overland and Sea, New York (biography). Alden Heath, 1942, Glenn Curtiss: Pioneer of Naval Aviation, New York.JDS
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