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1 ava-
2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n I in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense was not, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens the text was revised. -
2 car-
1 vb. "make, do, build, form" 1st pers. aorist carin "I make, build"; the aorist is listed with all pronominal endings in VT49:16, also in pl. and dual forms carir, carit. Regarding the form carize- PE17:128, see -s \#1. Pa.t. carnë KAR, PE17:74, 144. The infinitival aorist stem carë "k" by Patrick Wynne called a general aorist infinitive in VT49:34 occurs in ecë nin carë sa I can do it VT49:34, also in áva carë "don't do it" WJ:371 and uin carë PE17:68; in the last example Tolkien calls carë an example of the simplest aorist infinitive, the same source referring to carië as the general infinitive of the same verb. Pl. aorist carir "form" in the phrase i carir quettar k "those who form words" WJ:391, cf. VT49:16, continuative cára, future caruva PE17:144, carita "k", infinitive/gerund "to do" or "doing" VT42:33, with suffixes caritas "to do it" or "doing it", caritalyas "your doing it" in VT41:13,17, VT42:33. Past participle \#carna, q.v.; VT43:15 also gives the long form carina "k", read perhaps *cárina. Carima as a passive participle may be a mistake, VT43:15. PE17:68 refers to a simple past passive participle of the form carinwa kari-nwa. Rare past participle active ? cárienwa k *having done PE17:68, unless this is also a kind of passive participle the wording of the source is unclear. Some alternative forms in Fíriel's Song: past tense cárë "káre" "made"; this may still be an alternative to the better-attested form carnë LR:362 even in LotR-style Quenya. Cf. ohtacárë war-made, made war see \#ohtacar-. Also *cárië with various suffixes: cárier "kárier" is translated "they made"; in LotR-style Quenya this could be seen as an augmentless perfect, hence *"they have made", "they" being simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of cárielto "k" must also be *"they made" cf. -lto. Derived adjectives urcárima and urcarnë hard to make / do, urucarin made with difficulty PE17:154, saucarya evil-doing PE17:68. 2 prep. "with" carelyë "with thee", prepositional element evidently an ephemeral form abandoned by Tolkien VT43:29 -
3 mína
adj. "desiring to start, eager to go", also verb mína- "desire to go in some direction, to wish to go to a place, make for it, have some end in view" VT39:11 -
4 Tintallë
noun "Kindler", a title of Varda who kindled the stars TIN, Nam, RGEO:67. From tinta- "kindle, make to sparkle" MR:388. According to PE17:69, the form should be Tintalde, apparently because -llë was at the time the ending for plural you and Tintallë could be taken as meaning *you kindle rather than as a noun Kindler. However, Tolkien later changed the pronominal suffix, eliminating the clash of forms while leaving Tintallë correct after the revision, it was *tintaldë itself that would be the verb you kindle. -
5 et
prep. and adv.? "out", when followed by ablative "out of" VT45:13 or literally "out from", as in EO: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea"; cf. also et sillumello "from this hour" in VT44:35. Et i pe/péti, untranslated phrase, perhaps *"out of the mouth" VT47:35. Prefixet- "forth, out" ET, also in longer form ete- as in etelehta, eteminya; verb ettuler *"are coming forth" ettul- = et + tul-. SD:290; read probably *ettulir or continuative *ettúlar in Tolkien's later Quenya. The forms etemmë and etengwë VT43:36 seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"out of us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual exclusive instead see -mmë. Second person forms are also given: etelyë, etellë ?"out of you", sg. and pl. respectively Tolkien would later change the ending for pl. you from -llë to -ldë. -
6 ataquanta-
vb. refall, fall second time, double fall sic in PE17:166. The correct gloss must be refill, fill second time, double fill, which would connect with the verb quanta- fill and also make rather better sense. -
7 -ina
ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" VT43:15; compare nótina counted, rácina broken, hastaina marred q.v.. The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb as in the two first examples above, though the lengthening fails to occur or is not denoted in carina as the passive participle of car- make, do VT43:15. A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana slain VT49:24; the example hastaina marred would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" VT43:30, -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable *aistaina. In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be aorist unmarked as regards time and aspect; the same source states that the shorter ending -na is no longer part of verbal conjugation, though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na \#4.
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