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1 OUR
As described in the entry WE, the 3rd person pl. pronouns distinguish plural forms from dual (depending on whether two or more persons are involved) and exclusive forms from inclusive (depending on whether the party addressed is included in “we/our”). Tolkien revised the relevant endings repeatedly. According to one late resolution described in VT49:16, the endings for exclusive “our” are –lma in the plural and –mma as a dual form, hence *aldalma “our tree” (with an “our” of at least three persons, not including the party addressed), but *aldamma “our tree = my and one other person’s tree”. The corresponding inclusive forms are –lwa (plural) and –ngwa (dual). Since the subject ending corresponding to the former is attested as “-lwe, –lve” (VT49:51), –lwa can surely also appear as *-lva, as in *omentielva “our meeting” (attested in the genitive case: omentielvo “of our meeting”, WJ:367). Hence *aldalwa/aldalva “our tree” (an “our” of at least three persons, including the party addressed), dual *aldangwa “our tree = thy and my tree”. – An independent word for plural exclusive "our" appears in VT43:19, 35: menya (also menyë modifying a plural noun). The corresponding plural inclusive form should apparently be *venya (pl. *venyë) for archaic *wenya (pl. wenyai > wenyë). The dual forms would most likely be *mentya (excl.) and *ventya (incl.); compare me, we/ve as the independent pronouns for “we” (with dual forms met, wet/*vet and dative forms *ment, * went/vent, from which the independent possessive pronouns are apparently derived by adding the adjectival ending -ya). – Notice that in an earlier conceptual phase, the forms in –mm- were plural (not as later dual) inclusive, and the forms in –lm- were plural inclusive rather than exclusive. This is why the word translated “of our meeting” appeared as omentielmo in the first edition of LotR, but was changed to omentielvo in the Second Edition. Cf. also Átaremma “our Father” as the first word of Tolkien’s translation of the Lord’s Prayer (VT43:12); this “our” is obviously meant to be plural exclusive rather than dual as it later became (according to Tolkien’s later conventions, “our Father” would be *Átarelma when a group of three or more persons addresses a party not included in “our”, in this case the Father himself).
См. также в других словарях:
LVA — 〈Abk. für〉 Landesversicherungsanstalt * * * LVA [ɛlfau a:], die; , [s]: Landesversicherungsanstalt … Universal-Lexikon
Lva — LVA, æ, eine besondere Göttinn der Römer, welche so viel, als die Ops oder Rhea, des Saturns Gemahlinn, seyn soll. Liv. l. VIII. c. 1. & ad eum Cler. l. c. Doch will man sie lieber für dessen Tochter halten. Turnebi advers. l. XIX. c. 11. p. 595 … Gründliches mythologisches Lexikon
LVA — LVA, die; , [s] = Landesversicherungsanstalt … Die deutsche Rechtschreibung
LVA — Die Abkürzung LVA steht für: Landesvermessungsamt Landesversicherungsamt Landesversicherungsanstalt Landesversicherungsanstalt (DDR) Landesversorgungsamt Landesversuchsanstalt Large Vertical Aperture (eine phased array Antennenart) Lehr und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
LVA — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sigles d’une seule lettre Sigles de deux lettres > Sigles de trois lettres Sigles de quatre lettres … Wikipédia en Français
LVA-Hauptgebäude — vom … Deutsch Wikipedia
LVA-Antenne — Sekundärradar (SSR) der Deutschen Flugsicherung (DFS) mit LVA Antenne (bei Neubrandenburg/Mecklenburg Vorpommern) Die Large Vertical Aperture Antenne (LVA Antenne) ist eine Phased Array Antenne und besteht aus einem horizontalen Array von… … Deutsch Wikipedia
LVA — Library Of Virginia (Academic & Science » Libraries) Library Of Virginia (Community » Educational) * Literacy Volunteers of America (Community » Non Profit Organizations) * Light Vehicle Aftermarket (Governmental » Transportation) * Land Value… … Abbreviations dictionary
LVA — left ventricular aneurysm; left vertebral artery … Medical dictionary
LVA — Lev (unidad monetaria de Bulgaria); plural, leva … Diccionario español de neologismos
LVA — 1) Landesversuchsanstalt EN Land testing institute 2) Landesversorgungsamt EN Land war pensions administration 3) Landesversicherungsanstalt EN Land social insurance board 4) Landesversicherungsamt EN Land insurance supervisory authority … Abkürzungen und Akronyme in der deutschsprachigen Presse Gebrauchtwagen
