lustrum

prō-rŏgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To prolong, continue, extend, protract (class.;

syn.: propago, produco): ne quinquennii imperium Caesari prorogaretur,

should not be prolonged, Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24:

provinciam,

id. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 2, 1:

ne quid temporis nobis prorogetur (in the province),

id. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

imperium,

Liv. 26, 1:

imperium in insequentem annum,

id. 9, 42, 2; 10, 22, 9:

spatium praeturae in alterum annum,

Front. Aquaed. 7:

spem militi in alium diem,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 57:

vitae spatium,

Tac. A. 3, 51 fin.:

moras in hiemes,

Plin. 16, 22, 34, § 83:

memoriam alicujus,

Plin. Ep. 7, 31, 5:

nominis famam,

id. ib. 9, 19, 3.—

Transf.

To keep for a long time, to preserve, continue ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

divinis condimentis utere, quī prorogare vitam possis hominibus,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 38:

alterum in lustrum, meliusque semper Proroget aevum,

Hor. C. S. 67:

spiritum homini,

Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 7; Sen. Ep. 101, 10:

conditum prorogatur,

Plin. 22, 22, 37, § 79.—

To put off, defer (class.):

dies ad solvendum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74:

diem mortis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 17, 6.—

To pay down beforehand, to advance (post-class.):

vel prorogante eo, vel repromittente,

Dig. 40, 1, 4, § 1:

si ei nummos prorogavit emptor,

ib. 40, 1, 4, § 5:

pensionem integram,

ib. 19, 2, 19, § 6.—

To propagate, perpetuale (post-class.):

prorogata familia,

Val. Max. 3, 4, 6:

sobolem,

Just. 2, 4, 21 (dub.; al. generandam).

semper, adv. [root sam-; Gr. ham-; v. semel and -per = para; cf. tantisper], ever, always, at all times, forever (cf. usque).

In gen.: nequiter factum illud apud vos semper manebit, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1:

locus hic apud nos semper liber est,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 49:

semper occant priusquam sarriunt rustici,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 5:

sat habet favitorum semper, qui recte facit,

Plaut. Am. prol. 79:

quod improbis semper aliqui scrupus in animis haereat, semper iis ante oculos judicia et supplicia versentur: nullum autem emolumentum esse tantum, semper ut timeas, semper ut adesse, semper ut impendere aliquam poenam putes,

Cic. Rep. 3, 16, 26:

quod semper movetur, aeternum est,

id. ib. 6, 25, 27; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 53:

non haerent in suis sedibus, sed volucri semper spe rapiuntur,

id. Rep. 2, 4, 7:

curavit (Servius Tullius), quod semper in re publicā tenendum est, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 22, 39; 3, 14, 23 et saep.: sibi exortam semper florentis Homeri Commemorat speciem (the Gr. aeithalês), Lucr. 1, 124:

hic vertex nobis semper sublimis,

Verg. G. 1, 242; cf.: quod Graeci aigleucos (aeigleukos) vocant, hoc est semper mustum, Plin. 14, 9, 11, § 83:

avida ulteriorum semper gens (semper belonging to ulter),

Liv. 9, 38, 5:

si umquam dubitatum est, utrum tribuni plebis vestrā an suā causā seditionum semper auctores fuerint,

id. 5, 3 Drak.;

for which also, without esse (hence apparently adject.): Hasdrubal pacis semper auctor,

id. 30, 42; cf.:

adversus Sidicinos sumerent arma, suos semper hostes,

id. 8, 1 fin. —To strengthen the signif., joined with cottidie, perenne, assidue, etc. (as in Gr. aei kath hêmeran, suneches, etc.; v. Lidd. and Scott's Lex. under aei):

ea mihi cottidie Aut ture aut vino aut aliqui semper supplicat,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 24; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 7:

lucrum ut perenne vobis semper suppetat,

Plaut. Am. prol. 14:

ne semper servus currens, iratus senex, etc.... assidue agendi sint mihi,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 39; so (with assiduus) Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 51; Ov. F. 4, 686:

ibi semper omne vitae spatium famula fuit,

Cat. 63, 90:

semper et ubique,

Quint. 1, 1, 29; 3, 9, 5; Petr. 99; Suet. Aug. 90; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 14.—

Of continuance within a definite time:

ego illum antehac hominem semper sum frugi ratus,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 11; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 39:

quod tempus (aestatem) omnes Siciliae semper praetores in itineribus consumere consuerunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29: quibus studiis semper [p. 1668] fueris, tenemus, Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37.—

Esp., with comp., of a progressive change ( poet.):

rem Romanam Alterum in lustrum meliusque semper, Proroget aevum,

Hor. C. S. 67:

candidior semper candidiorque veni,

Tib. 1, 7, 64.—

Distributively, always, every time, on each occasion (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 195:

horresco semper, ubi pultare hasce (fores) occipio miser,

always, every time, Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 24:

quattuor partus enixa, septumo semper mense, genuit, etc.,

Plin. 7, 5, 4, § 39:

bis inter duos exortus lunae adfluunt bisque remeant vicenis quaternisque semper horis,

id. 2, 97, 99, § 212:

tertio die cibum capere semper,

id. 7, 2, 2, § 12:

cibum capere semper diebus tertiis,

Gell. 9, 4, 6.—

Transf. ( poet.), everywhere, in every place (like Engl. always):

proque toro terrae non semper gramen habenti, Incubat infelix,

Ov. M. 1, 633.

trĕpĭdo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.], to hurry with alarm, to bustle about anxiously, be in a state of confusion, agitation, or trepidation (class., but not in Cic.):

ut ille trepidabat! ut festinabat miser!

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 9;

so with festinare,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 25; Sall. C. 31, 1:

quid est quod trepidas, Ter Eun. 5, 5, 8: tum demum Titurius trepidare, concursare,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33:

trepidare omnibus locis,

Sall. J. 38, 5:

currere per totum pavidi conclave magisque Exanimes trepidare,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 114:

dum in sua quisque ministeria discursu trepidat ad prima signa,

Liv. 23, 16, 12:

trepidante totā civitate ad excipiendum Poenum visendumque,

id. 23, 7, 10:

circa vallum (hostes), Auct. B. Afr. 82, 1: circum artos cavos (mures),

Phaedr. 4, 6, 3:

vigiles tumultuari, trepidare, moliri portam,

Liv. 27, 28, 10:

nobis trepidandum in acie instruendā erat,

id. 44, 38, 11:

dum trepidant alae,

Verg. A. 4, 121:

lymphati trepidare coeperunt,

Curt. 4, 12, 14:

at Romanus homo... Corde suo trepidat,

Enn. Ann. 4, 7; Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 59:

spe trepido,

Luc. 7, 297:

trepidare laetitiā,

Arn. 7, n. 4:

voce,

Pers. 1, 20:

multa manu medicā Phoebique potentibus herbis Nequiquam trepidat,

Verg. A. 12, 403:

nam veluti pueri trepidant atque omnia caecis In tenebris metuunt,

Lucr. 2, 55; 3, 87; 6, 35; cf.:

ancipiti trepidant terrore per urbes,

id. 6, 596:

recenti mens trepidat metu,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 5:

metu falso,

Ov. Tr 1, 5, 37:

formidine belli,

id. ib. 3, 10, 67:

in dubiis periclis,

Lucr. 3, 1076:

ridetque (deus), si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 32.— Impers. pass.:

trepidari sentio et cursari rursum prorsum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 35:

totis trepidatur castris,

Caes. B. G. 6, 37:

ubi jam trepidatur,

Lucr. 3, 598:

vastis trepidatur in arvis,

Sil. 4, 26:

si gradibus trepidatur ab imis,

Juv. 3, 200.—

Like tremo with acc., to tremble at, be afraid of ( poet. and very rare):

et motae ad lunam trepidabis harundinis umbram,

Juv. 10, 21:

occursum amici,

id. 8, 152:

lupos (damae),

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1058.—

With inf. ( poet.):

ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere naves,

Verg. A. 9, 114:

occurrere morti,

Stat. Th. 1, 639.—

With ne:

trepidat, ne Suppositus venias et falso nomine poscas,

Juv. 1, 97; 14, 64.—

Of things, Lucr. 2, 965:

quae (aqua) per pronum trepidat cum murmure rivum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 21; cf.:

obliquo laborat Lympha fugax trepidare rivo,

id. C. 2, 3, 12:

flammae trepidant,

flare, waver, flicker, id. ib. 4, 11, 11:

trepidantia exta,

throbbing, quivering, palpitating, Ov. M. 15, 576:

sic aquilam pennā fugiunt trepidante columbae,

id. ib. 1, 506:

sub dentibus artus,

id. ib. 14, 196.—

With inf.:

octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 24.—Hence, trĕpĭdanter, adv., trem blingly, timorously, anxiously, with trepidation (rare):

trepidanter effatus,

Suet. Ner. 49.— Comp.:

trepidantius timidiusque agere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 19.