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81 Vorteil
Vorteil m 1. GEN advantage, avails, benefit, edge; 2. MGT benefit* * ** * *Vorteil
advantage, turn, benefit, use, capital, good, jump (US), (Gewinn) profit, gain, market, account, (Nutzen) interest, (Überlegenheit) odds;
• zu beiderseitigem Vorteil to mutual advantage;
• nebenbei anfallende Vorteile spin-off benefits;
• sich erst in der Zukunft auswirkende Vorteile long-term benefits;
• diskriminierende Vorteile discriminatory advantages;
• erheblicher Vorteil material benefit;
• finanzieller (geldlicher, geldwerter, materieller) Vorteil pecuniary benefit;
• nicht geldwerte Vorteile non-monetary advantages;
• persönlicher Vorteil personal benefit;
• preislicher Vorteil price advantage;
• vermögensrechtlicher Vorteil pecuniary advantage;
• wirtschaftlicher Vorteil economic advantage (good);
• Vorteil der Belegenheit im eigenen Land home-court advantage;
• Vorteile des Landeszentralbanksystems Federal Reserve benefits (US);
• Vorteil niedriger Lohnkosten labo(u)r-cost advantage;
• seinen [eigenen] Vorteil im Auge haben (bedenken) to consult (have an eye to) one’s own interest;
• der gesamten Konkurrenz gegenüber im Vorteil sein to have a great pull over all rivals;
• mit Vorteil verkaufen to sell at a profit;
• sich einen unfairen Vorteil verschaffen to jump the gun (sl.);
• seinen Vorteil rücksichtslos wahrnehmen to press one’s advantage, to drive a hard bargain;
• Vorteil aus etw. ziehen to turn to good profit. -
82 Zinsen
Zinsen mpl BANK, BÖRSE, FIN, RW, WIWI interest, int. • auf Zinsen borgen BANK borrow at interest • Zinsen abwerfen FIN bear interest, yield interest • Zinsen auflaufen lassen BANK accrue interest • Zinsen berechnen BANK charge interest • Zinsen bringen FIN bear interest, yield interest • Zinsen tragen in Höhe von RW bear an interest of* * *mpl <Bank, Börse, Finanz, Rechnung, Vw> interest (int.) ■ auf Zinsen borgen < Bank> borrow at interest ■ Zinsen abwerfen < Finanz> bear interest, yield interest ■ Zinsen auflaufen lassen < Bank> accrue interest ■ Zinsen berechnen < Bank> charge interest ■ Zinsen bringen < Finanz> bear interest, yield interest ■ Zinsen tragen in Höhe von < Rechnung> bear an interest of* * *Zinsen
interest[s], use money (sl.), (Bilanz) interest charges;
• abzüglich Zinsen less interest;
• auf Zinsen on interest;
• auf Zinsen ausgeliehen out at interest;
• franko Zinsen without interest, no interest charged, flat;
• mit Zinsen plus interest;
• ohne Zinsen ex interest, flat;
• zu gesetzlichen Zinsen at legal interest;
• zu niedrigen Zinsen at a low rate of interest;
• ablösliche Zinsen redeemable interest;
• steuerlich abzugsfähige Zinsen protected interest;
• anfallende Zinsen accruing interest;
• angefallene Zinsen accrued (accumulated) interest;
• einem Konto angelastete Zinsen interest debited to an account;
• angelaufene Zinsen interest accrued;
• aufgelaufene [noch nicht fällige] Zinsen accrued interest;
• aufgelaufene [und fällige] Zinsen accumulated interest;
• ausstehende Zinsen interest receivable (US);
• auf der Basis von 360 Tagen berechnete Zinsen ordinary interest (US);
• auf der Basis von 365 (360) Tagen berechnete Zinsen exact (ordinary) interest (US);
• innerhalb des Konzerns berechnete Zinsen intercompany interests;
• Kosten gerade deckende Zinsen compensatory interest;
• einfache Zinsen simple interest;
• eingekommene Zinsen interest paid;
• entstandene, noch nicht fällige Zinsen (Bilanz) accrued interest payable (US);
• entstehende Zinsen accruing interest;
• erhaltene Zinsen interest received;
• erhöhte Zinsen increased interest;
• fällige Zinsen interest payable (due), outstanding interest;
• monatlich fällige Zinsen monthly interest;
• fällig werdende Zinsen accruing (accrual of) interest;
• feste Zinsen fixed interest;
• zum Kapital geschlagene Zinsen capitalized interest;
• gesetzliche Zinsen statutory interest, legal interest rate;
• gestaffelte Zinsen equated (graduated) interest;
• gegenseitig in Rechnung gestellte Zinsen reciprocal interest;
• gestundete Zinsen deferred interest;
• [jährlich] gezahlte Zinsen [yearly] interest paid;
• zulasten des Kapitals gezahlte Zinsen interest paid out of the capital;
• gleitende Zinsen sliding rate of interest;
• gutgeschriebene Zinsen credited interest;
• halbjährliche Zinsen semi-annual interest;
• hohe Zinsen dear money, high interest;
• jährliche Zinsen annual interest, interest per annum;
• kalkulatorische Zinsen imputed interest;
• landesübliche Zinsen customary rate of interest;
• laufende Zinsen current (running) interest;
• niedrige Zinsen low interest;
• reine Zinsen true interest;
• rückständige Zinsen back (unpaid, overdue) interests, arrears of interest, interest in arrears;
• satzungsgemäße Zinsen statutory interest;
• steuerfreie Zinsen tax-free interest;
• transitorische Zinsen deferred interest;
• überfällige Zinsen past-due interest;
• überhöhte Zinsen exorbitant interest;
• übliche Zinsen interest as usual;
• variable Zinsen variable interest;
• vereinbarte Zinsen conventional interest;
• vertraglich vereinbarte (ausgehandelte) Zinsen stipulated interest;
• vorteilhafte Zinsen lucrative interests (US);
• vorweggenommene Zinsen anticipated interest;
• zurechenbare Zinsen imputed interest;
• Kapital und Zinsen principal and interest;
• Zinsen und zinsähnliche Aufwendungen interest and similar expenses;
• Zinsen auf ein Bankguthaben bank-deposit interest;
• gezahlte Zinsen auf Bausparverträge building society interest received;
• Zinsen aus Buchforderungen accrued accounts receivable (US);
• Zinsen in Form von festverzinslichen Schuldverschreibungen funding debenture interest (Br.);
• Zinsen auf ausgeliehene Geldbeträge interest on money lent;
• Zinsen aus Kapitalanlagen interest on investments;
• Zinsen aus Kontokorrenten interest on fluctuating overdrafts;
• Zinsen für langfristige Kredite long-term interest rates;
• Zinsen von einem Postsparkassenbuch post-office savings-bank interest (Br.);
• Zinsenzum Satz von 4% interest at the rate of 4 per cent;
• Zinsen von Sparguthaben interest on deposits with a trustee savings bank;
• Zinsen auf gewährte Vorschüsse (Bilanz) interest on advances credited;
• Zinsen abwerfen to yield (draw) interest;
• Zinsen angleichen (anpassen) to adjust interest rates;
• Zinsen der Inflation anpassen to adjust the interest for inflation;
• sein Geld auf Zinsen ausleihen to loan on (put out) one’s money at interest;
• Zinsen ausrechnen to cast (work out, compute) interest;
• Zinsen belasten to charge interest;
• 9% Zinsen berechnen to charge 9 per cent interest;
• Zinsen vierteljährlich berechnen to compound interest quarterly;
• Zinsen bei Fälligkeit bezahlen to keep down interest;
• 9,5% Zinsen für einen Kredit bezahlen to pay 9,5 per cent interest on a loan;
• Zinsen laufend bezahlen to pay interest when due;
• 5% Zinsen [ein]bringen to bring in (yield) interest of 5 per cent;
• Zinsen erheben to charge interest;
• Zinsen errechnen to ascertain (work out, compute) interest;
• 6% Zinsen gewähren to grant an interest of 6 per cent;
• von den Zinsen seines Vermögens leben to live on the interest received from one’s capital;
• Zinsen zum Kapital schlagen (kapitalisieren) to capitalize interest;
• auf Zinsen ausgeliehen sein to be out at interest;
• Zinsen senken to reduce the interest rate;
• Zinsen [gegenseitig] in Rechnung stellen to charge interest [on both sides];
• Zinsen tragen to yield interest;
• 5% Zinsen tragen to bear interest at the rate (carry an interest) of 5 per cent;
• Zinsen vergüten to allow interest;
• hohe Zinsen zahlen to pay high interest rates;
• hohe Zinsen zahlen müssen to sit at a high interest;
• Zinsenaufstellung Zinsenaufstellung, Zinsenberechnung, Zinsenbelastungstatement of interest, interest statement;
• Zinsenberechnung Zinsenaufstellung, Zinsenberechnung, Zinsenbelastungstatement of interest, interest statement;
• Zinsenbelastung Zinsenaufstellung, Zinsenberechnung, Zinsenbelastungstatement of interest, interest statement;
• Zinsendienst payment of interest, interest expenditure;
• Zinsendienst wieder aufnehmen to resume the service of a loan;
• Zinsendienst einer Anleihe durchführen to service a loan. -
83 interés1
1 = appeal, appetite, concern, focus, involvement, interest, knowledge interest, piquancy, penchant, pursuit, topicality.Ex. Indeed, if they are not successful in finding ways of renewing their original purpose and appeal, they are on their way to dissolution and displacement.Ex. We need to know what and how consumers' information appetites have changed.Ex. The use of agents is necessary but not ideal, because an agent often represents rival concerns, and aims for a quick turnover rather than long-term profitability.Ex. Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.Ex. Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.Ex. An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.Ex. Phenomenography is an approach that builds on phenomenological and hermeneutic traditions; its knowledge interest is to describe the varying conceptions held within a specific group about a phenomenon = La fenomenografía es un método que parte de las tradicionaes fenomenológicas y hermenéuticas; su interés es describir las diversas concepciones que un grupo concreto tiene sobre un fenómeno.Ex. Young was a man of singular eccentricity and piquancy of character, a person who was very interesting in his own right.Ex. Our penchant to organize is perhaps as close to a biological imperative as any form of human behavior is likely to come.Ex. What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.Ex. This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.----* actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotec = library advocacy.* adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.* ampliar el interés = broaden + interest.* aprovecharse del interés general por Algo = exploit + appeal.* área de interés = field of interest.* atraer el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, draw + interest.* atraer el interés de = catch + the imagination of.* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.* campo de interés = sphere of interest.* captar el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest.* captar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.* coincidir con los intereses de uno = match + interests.* combinar intereses = bridge + interests.* conflicto de intereses = conflict of interest(s), competing interests.* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.* con intereses propios = self-interested.* conjunto de intereses = set of interests.* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).* constatar el interés = gauge + interest.* con un interés en = with a stake in.* crear interés = build + interest.* dar interés = spice up, add + spice.* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.* defensa de intereses = lobbying.* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.* de intereses similares = of like interest.* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.* de interés humano = human interest.* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.* el interés público = the public interest.* en interés de = in the interest(s) of.* esperar con interés (+ Infinitivo), = look forward to (+ Gerundio).* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.* expresión de interés = application.* falta de interés por cooperar = unresponsiveness.* foco de interés = focus of interest, focus of concern, focus of attention.* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest, foster + interest.* fomentar interés = build + interest.* generar interés = generate + interest.* grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.* guiado por intereses propios = interest-determined.* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.* interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.* interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.* interés comercial = business interest, commercial interest.* interés común = shared interest.* interés creado = vested interest.* interés + decaer = interest + flag.* interés económico = economic interest.* intereses = breadth of interests.* intereses comerciales = market forces, marketplace forces.* intereses comunes = common ground, community of interest.* intereses contrapuestos = conflicting interests.* intereses cotidianos = life interests.* intereses de lectura = reading interests.* intereses encontrados = competing interests.* intereses ocultos = hidden agenda.* interés general = public interest.* interés pasajero = passing interest.* interés periodístico = newsworthiness.* interés personal = vested interest, self-interest, axe + to grind, personal interest.* interés por ganar dinero = profit motive.* interés por los libros = awareness of books.* interés público = public interest.* interés renovado = renewed interest.* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.* lleno de interés = solicitously.* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.* lugares de interés = sights.* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.* material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.* máximo interés = maximum interest.* mostrar interés = mark + interest.* mostrar interés en = show + interest in.* mostrar interés por = express + interest in.* motivado por intereses propios = interest-based.* mucho interés = keen interest.* muestra de interés = expression of interest.* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.* objeto de interés = object of interest.* ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.* perder el interés = pall.* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.* perfil de interés = subject interest.* perfil de interés del usuario = subject profile, user interest profile.* perjudicar los intereses = prejudice + interests.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* profundizar el interés = deepen + interest.* promover un interés = promote + interest.* proyección de cuestiones de interés = issues management.* punto de interés = point of interest.* quitar el interés = take + the shine off things.* renovado interés = upsurge.* resumen de interés = highlight abstract.* reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.* según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.* ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).* servir los intereses = serve + interests.* sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.* sin interés = unexciting, uninteresting, unmoving, vapid.* tarea falta de interés = chore.* tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.* temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.* temas de interés particular = particular concerns.* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.* tener interés por = have + an interest in.* tener interés por = be interested in.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener un interés muy personal en = have + a stake in, hold + a stake in.* tomarse interés por = take + an interest in. -
84 Z92.1
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85 Z92.2
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86 длительный полет
[см. в длительном полете; при длительных космических полетах; см. тж. дальний полет]…and for this reason the use of single-gas cabin atmospheres is not permissible in long-term flights.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > длительный полет
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87 использование
[см. при использовании; син. применение]…and for this reason the use of single-gas cabin atmospheres is not permissible in long-term flights.Attention is paid to the designing and utilization of solid-propellant engines… -
88 нежелательно
…and for this reason the use of single-gas cabin atmospheres is not permissible in long-term flights. -
89 поэтому
[син. в результате; вследствие; следовательно; таким образом]Direct observations from space will help to solve a number of other scientific and economic problems. Thus space cities will have scientific laboratories……and for this reason the use of single-gas cabin atmospheres is not permissible in long-term flights.The external lines of spacecraft are far from being aerodynamically perfect; therefore, their lift/drag ratio is about 0.5 or less. -
90 основа
сущ.base; basis; foundation; мн fundamentalsлежать в основе — to be (form) the basis (of); underlie
на взаимовыгодной основе — on a mutually advantageous (beneficial) basis; on the basis of mutual advantage (benefit)
на комиссионной основе — on a commission basis; on commission
на основе взаимной выгоды и равных преимуществ — on the basis of mutual advantage and equitable benefits
правовая основа дружественных отношений и сотрудничества между государствами — legal basis (foundation) for friendly relations and cooperation among states
- основы конституционного строяюридическая основа запрещения угрозы силой или её применения в международных отношениях — ( обоснование) juridicial (legal) basis of the ban on (prohibition of) the threat or use of force in international relations
- долгосрочная основа
- прочная основа -
91 personal financial planning
Finshortand long-term financial planning by an individual, either independently or with the assistance of a professional adviser. It will include the use of tax efficient plans such as Individual Retirement Accounts, ensuring adequate provisions are being made for retirement, and examining shortand longterm borrowing requirements such as overdrafts and mortgages.The ultimate business dictionary > personal financial planning
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92 time series
Gen Mgta series of measurements, observations, and recordings of a set of variables at successive points in time. The time series forecasting technique is commonly used to track long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations and variations in data or statistics. It can be applied in an economic context in the review of sales, production, and investment performance, or in a sociological context in the compilation of census or panel study statistics. It can include the use of input-output analysis and exponential smoothing. -
93 Appert, Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1749 Châlons-sur-Marne, France d. 1841[br]French confectioner who invented canning as a method of food preservation.[br]As the son of an inn keeper, Nicolas Appert would have learned about pickling and brewing, but he chose to become a chef and confectioner, establishing himself in the rue des Lombards in Paris in 1780. He prospered there until about 1795, and in that year he began experimenting in ways to preserve foodstuffs, succeeding with soups, vegetables, juices, dairy products, jellies, jams and syrups. His method was to place food in glass jars, seal the jars with cork and sealing wax, then sterilize them by immersion in boiling water for a predetermined time.In 1810 the French Government offered a 12,000 franc award to anyone succeeding in preserving high-quality foodstuffs for its army and navy. Appert won the award and in 1812 used the money to open the world's first food-bottling factory, La Maison Appert, in the town of Massey, near Paris. He established agents in all the major sea ports, recognizing the marine market as his most likely customer, and supplied products to Napoleon's troops in the field. By 1820 Appert's method was in use all over the United States, in spite of the simultaneous development of other containers of tin or other metals by an English merchant, Peter Durand, and the production of canned food products by the Bermondsey firm of Donkin \& Hall, London. The latter had opened the first canning factory in England in 1811.Initially Appert used glass jars and bottles, but in 1822 he changed to tin-plated metal cans. To heat the cans he used an autoclave, which heated the water to a temperature higher than its boiling point. A hammer and chisel were needed to open cans until the invention of a can opener by an Englishman named Yates in 1855. Despite Appert's successes, he received little financial reward and died in poverty; he was buried in a common grave.[br]Bibliography1810, L'Art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les sustenances animales et végétales (the Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale produced a report in its annual bulletin in 1809).Further ReadingEnglish historians have tended to concentrate on Bryan Donkin, who established tin cans as the primary container for long-term food preservation.J.Potin, 1891, Biographie de Nicolas Appert.1960, Canning and Packing 2–5.AP -
94 Arnold, John
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 1735/6 Bodmin (?), Cornwall, Englandd. 25 August 1799 Eltham, London, England[br]English clock, watch, and chronometer maker who invented the isochronous helical balance spring and an improved form of detached detent escapement.[br]John Arnold was apprenticed to his father, a watchmaker, and then worked as an itinerant journeyman in the Low Countries and, later, in England. He settled in London in 1762 and rapidly established his reputation at Court by presenting George III with a miniature repeating watch mounted in a ring. He later abandoned the security of the Court for a more precarious living developing his chronometers, with some financial assistance from the Board of Longitude. Symbolically, in 1771 he moved from the vicinity of the Court at St James's to John Adam Street, which was close to the premises of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures \& Commerce.By the time Arnold became interested in chronometry, Harrison had already demonstrated that longitude could be determined by means of a timekeeper, and the need was for a simpler instrument that could be sold at an affordable price for universal use at sea. Le Roy had shown that it was possible to dispense with a remontoire by using a detached escapement with an isochronous balance; Arnold was obviously thinking along the same lines, although he may not have been aware of Le Roy's work. By 1772 Arnold had developed his detached escapement, a pivoted detent which was quite different from that used on the European continent, and three years later he took out a patent for a compensation balance and a helical balance spring (Arnold used the spring in torsion and not in tension as Harrison had done). His compensation balance was similar in principle to that described by Le Roy and used riveted bimetallic strips to alter the radius of gyration of the balance by moving small weights radially. Although the helical balance spring was not completely isochronous it was a great improvement on the spiral spring, and in a later patent (1782) he showed how it could be made more truly isochronous by shaping the ends. In this form it was used universally in marine chronometers.Although Arnold's chronometers performed well, their long-term stability was less satisfactory because of the deterioration of the oil on the pivot of the detent. In his patent of 1782 he eliminated this defect by replacing the pivot with a spring, producing the spring detent escapement. This was also done independendy at about the same time by Berthoud and Earnshaw, although Earnshaw claimed vehemently that Arnold had plagiarized his work. Ironically it was Earnshaw's design that was finally adopted, although he had merely replaced Arnold's pivoted detent with a spring, while Arnold had completely redesigned the escapement. Earnshaw also improved the compensation balance by fusing the steel to the brass to form the bimetallic element, and it was in this form that it began to be used universally for chronometers and high-grade watches.As a result of the efforts of Arnold and Earnshaw, the marine chronometer emerged in what was essentially its final form by the end of the eighteenth century. The standardization of the design in England enabled it to be produced economically; whereas Larcum Kendall was paid £500 to copy Harrison's fourth timekeeper, Arnold was able to sell his chronometers for less than one-fifth of that amount. This combination of price and quality led to Britain's domination of the chronometer market during the nineteenth century.[br]Bibliography30 December 1775, "Timekeepers", British patent no. 1,113.2 May 1782, "A new escapement, and also a balance to compensate the effects arising from heat and cold in pocket chronometers, and for incurving the ends of the helical spring…", British patent no. 1,382.Further ReadingR.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press (provides an overview).V.Mercer, 1972, John Arnold \& Son Chronometer Makers 1726–1843, London.See also: Phillips, EdouardDV -
95 Harrison, James
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1816 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 3 September 1893 Geelong, Victoria, Australia[br]Scottish pioneer of the transport of frozen meat.[br]James Harrison emigrated to Australia in 1834, and in 1840 settled in Geelong as a journalist. At one time he was editor of the Melbourne Age. In 1850 he began to devote his attention to the development of an ice-making scheme, erecting the first factory at Rodey Point, Barwin, in that year. In 1851 the Brewery Glasgow \& Co. in Bendigo, Victoria, installed the first Harrison refrigerator. He took out patents for his invention in 1856 and 1857, and visited London at about the same time. On his return to Australia he began experiments into the long-term freezing of meat. In 1873 he publicly exhibited the process in Melbourne and organized a banquet for the consumption of meat which had been in store for six months. In July of the same year the SS Norfolk sailed with a cargo of 20 tons of frozen mutton and beef, but this began to rot en route to London. The refrigeration plant was later put to use in a paraffin factory in London, but the failure ruined Harrison and took all his newspaper profits.[br]Further ReadingJ.T.Critchell, 1912, A History of the Frozen Meat Trade, London (gives a brief account of Harrison's abortive but essential part in the transport of frozen meat).AP -
96 Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
[br]b. 10 October 1877 Worcester, Englandd. 22 August 1963 Nuffield Place, England[br]English industrialist, car manufacturer and philanthropist.[br]Morris was the son of Frederick Morris, then a draper. He was the eldest of a family of seven, all of whom, except for one sister, died in childhood. When he was 3 years old, his father moved to Cowley, near Oxford, where he attended the village school. After a short time with a local bicycle firm he set up on his own at the age of 16 with a capital of £4. He manufactured pedal cycles and by 1902 he had designed a motor cycle and was doing car-repair work. By 1912, at the Motor Show, he was able to announce his first car, the 8.9 hp, two-seater Morris Oxford with its characteristic "bull-nose". It could perform at up to 50 mph (80 km/h) and 50 mpg (5.65 1/100 km). It cost £165.Though untrained, Morris was a born engineer as well as a natural judge of character. This enabled him to build up a reliable team of assistants in his growing business, with an order for four hundred cars at the Motor Show in 1912. Much of his business was built up in the assembly of components manufactured by outside suppliers. In he moved out of his initial premises by New College in Longwall and bought land at Cowley, where he brought out his second model, the 11.9hp Morris Oxford. This was after the First World War, during which car production was reduced to allow the manufacture of tanks and munitions. He was awarded the OBE in 1917 for his war work. Morris Motors Ltd was incorporated in 1919, and within fifteen months sales of cars had reached over 3,000 a year. By 1923 he was producing 20,000 cars a year, and in 1926 50,000, equivalent to about one-third of Britain's output. With the slump, a substantial overdraft, and a large stock of unsold cars, Morris took the bold decision to cut the prices of cars in stock, which then sold out within three weeks. Other makers followed suit, but Morris was ahead of them.Morris was part-founder of the Pressed Steel Company, set up to produce car bodies at Cowley. A clever operation with the shareholding of the Morris Motors Company allowed Morris a substantial overall profit to provide expansion capital. By 1931 his "empire" comprised, in addition to Morris Motors, the MG Car Company, the Wolseley Company, the SU Carburettor Company and Morris Commercial Cars. In 1936, the value of Morris's financial interest in the business was put at some £16 million.William Morris was a frugal man and uncomplicated, having little use for all the money he made except to channel it to charitable purposes. It is said that in all he gave away some £30 million during his lifetime, much of it invested by the recipients to provide long-term benefits. He married Elizabeth Anstey in 1904 and lived for thirty years at Nuffield Place. He lived modestly, and even after retirement, when Honorary President of the British Motor Corporation, the result of a merger between Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company, he drove himself to work in a modest 10 hp Wolseley. His generosity benefited many hospitals in London, Oxford, Birmingham and elsewhere. Oxford Colleges were another class of beneficiary from his largesse.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsViscount 1938; Baron (Lord Nuffield) 1934; Baronet 1929; OBE 1917; GBE 1941; CH 1958. FRS 1939. He was a doctor of seven universities and an honorary freeman of seven towns.Further ReadingR.Jackson, 1964, The Nuffield Story.P.W.S.Andrews and E.Brunner, The Life of Lord Nuffield.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
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97 деградация природных ресурсов
деградация природных ресурсов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
degradation of natural resources
The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > деградация природных ресурсов
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98 рекультивация земель после завершения разработок
рекультивация земель после завершения разработок
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
mining site restoration
Mining is an intensive type of land use with potential for environmental impact over a limited area. When closure occurs, it should address both environmental and safety aspects. Mine reclamation is an ongoing program designed to restore to an acceptable state the physical, chemical and biological quality or potential of air, land and water regimes disturbed by mining. The objective of mine reclamation is to prevent or minimize adverse long-term environmental impacts, and create a self-sustaining ecosystem as near as practicable to what existed before the mining activity. (Source: NRCAN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > рекультивация земель после завершения разработок
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99 управление природными ресурсами
управление природными ресурсами
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
management of natural resources
Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. (Source: MUCKa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > управление природными ресурсами
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100 экоразвитие
экоразвитие
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
ecodevelopment
1) Conservative development based on long term optimization of biosphere resources.
2) An approach to development through rational use of natural resources by means of appropriate technology and system of production which take into account and provide for the conservation of nature.
(Source: GREMES / UNUN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > экоразвитие
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