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101 длительный допустимый ток
- courant permanent admissible, m
- courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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102 долговременное урегулирование
1) Military: long-term settlement2) Economy: long-run adjustment (напр. платёжного баланса)3) Diplomatic term: long-run adjustment (платёжного баланса и т.п.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > долговременное урегулирование
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103 рассчитанный на долгое время
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рассчитанный на долгое время
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104 в конце концов
in the end; after all; at last; at long last, in the last; in the long run; in the final (last) analysis; finally; < when> all <is> said and done- Как прикажешь упаковать всю эту музыку? Как ты, например, уложишь вместе тяжёлую медную ступку и толкач с ламповым шаром или карболку с чаем?.. Как там ни ломай голову, как ни хитри, а в конце концов всё-таки что-нибудь расколотишь и рассыплешь... (А. Чехов, Трагик поневоле) — 'How are you to pack all these things? For instance, how are you to put a heavy copper jar together with the lamp-globe or the carbolic acid with the tea?... Whatever tricks you think of, in the long run you're bound to smash or scatter something...'
Чёрт с ней, с войной!.. И - в конце концов - не всё ли равно, где кинет его на землю вражеская пуля? - думал он. (М. Шолохов, Тихий Дон) — To hell with it, with this war!.. After all, he thought, what did it matter where an enemy bullet sent him to the ground?
Диме случалось видеть людей, которые старались справиться с бешенством и в конце концов давали ему волю. (В. Каверин, Летящий почерк) — Dima had had occasion to see someone trying to control a frenzy and finally giving rein to it.
Каждый день перепрыскивали дожди. В конце концов земля так напиталась водой, что не брала в себя больше ни капли влаги. (В. Солоухин, Летний паводок) — Every day the rain came teeming down in sudden showers. At last the earth had absorbed so much water that it could not hold another drop.
Я - это я, это мне принадлежит, в конце концов мне за себя в жизни ответ держать, а не вам. (В. Распутин, Век живи - век люби) — I'm me, that's what belongs to me, and in the end I'm answerable to myself in life, not to you.
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105 долгий
1. longон, вероятно, долго не продержится — he may not endure long
2. longerСинонимический ряд:продолжительный (прил.) длинный; длительный; долговременный; продолжительныйАнтонимический ряд:короткий; краткий; недолгий -
106 долговременный
1) General subject: durable, permanent, timeproof, of long duration, long lead time2) Medicine: long-standing, long-term3) Military: sustained4) Chemistry: longterm5) Mathematics: non-volatile6) Railway term: time proof7) Economy: long term8) Accounting: secular9) Oil: long supported, long-time10) Astronautics: nonvolatile11) Patents: long-run12) Makarov: long-term (напр. о прочности) -
107 долговечный
1) General subject: durable, long lived, long term, longeval, longevous, macrobiotic, perennial, endure2) Engineering: long-life, low-wearing3) Chemistry: long life4) Construction: long-lasting5) Economy: timeproof6) Accounting: long-run7) Automobile industry: enduring8) Oil: time-proof9) Ecology: long-lived10) Business: long-term11) Polymers: lasting12) Automation: fade-resistant, permanent13) Quality control: everlasting14) Makarov: endurable, serviceable, staying, wearproof15) oil&gas: multi-year, multiyear -
108 разбег
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109 длина разбега
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > длина разбега
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110 начало разбега
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > начало разбега
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111 долговременный
1) of long duration, lasting a long time
2) воен. permanent* * ** * *of long duration, lasting a long time* * *durablelong-runlong-termpermanenttime-proof -
112 дальний
1. off2. any fartherдальше; дальнейший — any farther
3. any further4. far-off5. long-run6. distant; remote7. farther; then; nextиздали, из дальних краёв — from the farness
дальние страны; — endmost lands of the earth
8. far9. forth10. forward11. further12. long-distance13. remoteСинонимический ряд:далеко (прил.) далеко; отдаленноАнтонимический ряд: -
113 долгое время
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114 в конечном счёте
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
* * *В конечном счёте -- ultimately, eventually, finally; after all; in the end; in the last analysisThis requirement can ultimately affect the accuracy and convenience of the balancing procedure.Fig. shows that the polymer pins eventually reached an equilibrium water content.Thereafter, natural convection comes into play and finally takes over.The turbine flow field is, after all, three-dimensional, whereas the preliminary design calculations are essentially one-dimensional.However the proposed transition model returns, in the end, to monolayer coverage times.In the last analysis it's that kind of collaboration we live on -- not air.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном счёте
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115 в конечном итоге
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном итоге
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116 в конечном счёте
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном счёте
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117 в конечном итоге
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном итоге
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118 анализ долгосрочных процессов
1) Economy: long-run analysis2) Diplomatic term: long-run analysis (напр., экономического роста)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > анализ долгосрочных процессов
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119 балансирование бюджета за длительный период
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > балансирование бюджета за длительный период
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120 дальнего прицела
См. также в других словарях:
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long-run — adj. 1. relating to or extending over a relatively long time; as, the long run significance of the elections. Syn: long term. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
long-run — [lôŋ′run′] adj. extending over a long time … English World dictionary
Long-run — In economic models, the long run time frame assumes no fixed factors of production. Firms can enter or leave the marketplace, and the cost (and availability) of land, labor, raw materials, and capital goods can be assumed to vary. In contrast, in … Wikipedia
long run — A period of time in which all costs are variable; longer than one year. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary * * * long run UK US noun [S] (also long term) ► a long period of time: »We are optimistic about the long term. a long run of sth »There are… … Financial and business terms
Long Run — A period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable. In the long run, firms are able to adjust all costs, whereas in the short run firms are only able to influence prices through adjustments made to production levels.… … Investment dictionary
long-run — /lawng run , long /, adj. happening or presented over a long period of time or having a long course of performances: a long run hit play. [1900 05] * * * … Universalium
long run — n. long range outlook in, over the long run * * * [ lɒŋrʌn] over the long run [ long range outlook ] in … Combinatory dictionary
long run — noun a period of time sufficient for factors to work themselves out in the long run we will win in the long run we will all be dead he performed well over the long haul • Syn: ↑long haul • Hypernyms: ↑time period, ↑perio … Useful english dictionary
long run — noun Date: 1627 a relatively long period of time usually used in the phrase in the long run • long run adjective … New Collegiate Dictionary