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1 LONG
(adj) anda, sóra (trailing); LONG AGO andanéya, anda né; LONG AND THIN lenwa (straight, narrow); LONG (adverb, of time:) andavë; LONG YEAR (144 solar years, an Elvish "century") yén (pl. yéni is attested) LONG-MARK andatehta –ÁNAD, LT2:344, 341, VT49:31, LotR:989, Nam/LotR:1141/YEN, TEK -
2 AGO
yá; LONG AGO andanéya, anda né (once upon a time) –YA, VT49:31 -
3 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13 -
4 ONCE UPON
A TIME yassë, yalúmessë, yáressë (note: the first of these seems to clash with *yassë "in/on which". Writers should use one of the two alternative forms, or the following:) andanéya, anda né (long ago) –YA, VT49:31 -
5 THAT
(1) (demonstrative): tana (an adjectival word, VT49:11; in one version of the language also tanya, as in tanya wendë "that maiden", MC:215-16). Also yana with meaning “the former” (e.g. *loa yana “that year” referring to a former year). Adj. OF THAT SORT taitë; IN THAT WAY tanen; THAT MATTER tama. Also see THIS regarding the word talumë “at this [or, that] time”. –TA, YA, VT49:11, 18 (2) (pronoun) ta, also translated “it”. (Notice that in some versions of the language, Tolkien wanted ta to be a plural pronoun “they, them” used of non-living things. See the various entries on ta in the Quenya-English wordlist.) Sa, normally translated “it”, is also defined as “that” in one source. IT IS THAT náto, IT IS NOT THAT uito. –VT49:11, TA, VT49:18, 28 (3) (relative pronoun "who, which, that"). According to VT47:21, the relative pronoun is ye with reference to a person (*i Elda ye tirnen "the Elf who/that I watched"), plural i (e.g. *Eldar i... "Elves that..."). The impersonal relative pronoun ("that = which") is ya (e.g. *i parma ya hirnen "the book that/which I found"), pl. presumably *yar (*i parmar yar... "the books that..."). This gives a system with great symmetry, but Tolkien also used i in a singular sense, in the sentence i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One who is [or, that is] above all thrones", though i is indeed plural in i carir quettar ómainen "those who [or, those that] form words with voices". A relative pronoun ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence; a long variant yá also occurs in the corpus (VT43:27-28). Case-forms: The plural locative of ya is attested as yassen "in which" in Nam (sg. *yassë), the genitive and ablative forms of ye are attested as yëo and yello respectively in VT47:21, and the same source gives ion and illon as the corresponding plural forms. –VT47:21, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct(4) (conjunction, as in "I know that you are here") i, cf. the sentence savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe Elessar really existed and that he was a king of Gondor” (VT49:27). In one version of early “Qenya”, this conjunction appeared as ne instead (PE14:54).
См. также в других словарях:
long-time — longˈ time adjective Enduring for a long time • • • Main Entry: ↑long * * * long time UK US adjective having continued or existed as a particular thing for a long time Tom’s getting married to his long time girlfriend in July. Thesaurus: existing … Useful english dictionary
long-time — long|time [ˈlɔŋtaım US ˈlo:ŋ ] adj [only before noun] having existed or continued to be a particular thing for a long time ▪ a long time supporter of civil rights long time friend/lover etc … Dictionary of contemporary English
Long time — (Largo tiempo) en español es una canción del álbum she wolf perteneciente a la cantautora colombiana Shakira. Esta canción fue difundida por primera ves en una radio famosa de latinoamerica el 28 de diciembre del 2009. En esta radio ellos habían… … Wikipedia Español
long-time — adjective having continued or existed as a particular thing for a long time: Tom s getting married to his long time girlfriend in July … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
long-time — ♦♦♦ ADJ: ADJ n You use long time to describe something that has existed or been a particular thing for a long time. Newcomers had to pay far more in taxes than long time land owners... She married her long time boyfriend. ...a long time member of … English dictionary
long-time — adjective (only before noun) having existed or continued to be a particular thing for a long time: a long time supporter of civil rights … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
long-time — UK / US adjective having continued or existed as a particular thing for a long time Tom s getting married to his long time girlfriend in July … English dictionary
ˌlong-ˈtime — adj having continued or existed as a particular thing for a long time his long time girlfriend[/ex] … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
long-time — /ˈlɒŋ taɪm/ (say long tuym) adjective old: my long time friend …
long-time — adj. Long time is used with these nouns: ↑ally, ↑associate, ↑companion, ↑contributor, ↑customer, ↑employee, ↑fan, ↑favourite, ↑friend, ↑lover, ↑manager, ↑ … Collocations dictionary
long time no see — spoken phrase used when you meet someone who you have not seen for a long time Thesaurus: ways of saying hellosynonym Main entry: long * * * informal it s a long time since we last met (used as a greeting) O … Useful english dictionary
