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101 producción ganadera
f.livestock husbandry. -
102 producto ganadero
m.livestock product. -
103 sector ganadero
m.meat and livestock industry. -
104 tripanotolerancia
f.trypanotolerance, ability of some livestock breeds to survive, reproduce and produce in tsetse trypanosome infested locations. -
105 atajo
( hatajo [atáxo] < verb atajar < prefix a- plus verb tajar < Latin taliare 'to cut,' meaning group that has been separated or set apart from a larger group).New Mexico: 1844. A string of packmules or pack horses. Bentley indicates "a typical atajo may have consisted of from fifteen to forty animals equipped with aparejos and cared for by drivers or atajaderos." Santamaría concurs. The DRAE and the VCN give "a group of livestock" as an alternate definition. These pack animals were a necessity on the long cattle drives and some borderland cowboys certainly knew the Spanish term.Alternate forms: atago, hatajo. -
106 corral
(Sp. model spelled same [korál], a term of uncertain origin common to Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, Galician, and Occitan. It is related to Spanish and Portuguese corro 'enclosure' or 'circle of people,' but it is uncertain which of the two terms derives from which. Corominas notes that corral was probably the original term; if so, it derives from Vulgar Latin * curralem 'race track' or 'place where vehicles are enclosed' < Latin currum 'cart')1) DARE: 1829. A pen or enclosure for horses or livestock. Such pens were generally made of wooden posts and slatting or other fencing material, but they could be constructed of rope or adobe walls (Watts notes that the latter was used to protect herds from pillaging Indians).2) Rocky Mountains: 1848. A group of wagons drawn into a circle for defense.3) DARE: 1859. According to a quote included in the DARE, a correll was a hedge built around a campsite to protect travelers from the wind.4) OED: 1847. As a verb, corral means to herd animals into an enclosure, or (5) to draw wagons into a circle.6) OED: 1860. Blevins notes that, by extension from (4), to corral is to gain control of anything. Hendrickson includes a quote from the New York Times (1867) that demonstrates the variety of meanings the term corral had in the West at that time: "If a man is embarrassed in any way, he is 'cor-raled.' Indians 'corral' men on the plains; storms 'corral' tourists. The criminal is 'corraled' in prison, the gambler 'corrals' the dust of the miner." The DRAE references corral as an enclosed, uncovered place in a home or a field that serves as a pen for animals. The additional meanings above are not referenced in Spanish sources, but are extensions of the original meaning.Alternate forms: coral, corel, corell, corrale, correll, coural. -
107 estancia
(Sp. model spelled same [estánsja] < estar < Latin stare 'to stand' or 'to be firm or immobile' plus the nominalizing suffix - ncia)Carlisle: 1897. A ranch in the Southwest, especially a large one. Hoy glosses it as a colonial term meaning "a Spanish land grant for running cattle or sheep." The DRAE references it as a residence or dwelling-place and its surrounding land. The DRAE also notes that in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay it refers to a country ranch (hacienda) dedicated to farming and raising livestock. Islas defines it as the portion of a ranch in which the caporal and the cowboys are established, along with the head of cattle in their charge. Cobos indicates that in New Mexico and southern Colorado it is a small farm or a permanent homestead attached to a pasture. -
108 ganado
(Sp. model spelled same [ganáðo] < nominalized perfective participle of ganar 'to earn' or 'to win,' probably from Gothic * ganan 'to covet.' Ganado originally meant 'goods,' 'gain,' or even 'money')A general term for cattle or livestock. The DRAE glosses ganado as a group of animals that belong to the same herd and graze together. Santamaría notes that in Mexico the term does not necessarily refer to animals of the same herd, animals that graze together, or even a group of animals of the same species. Rather it is a general term to describe any group of four-legged animals controlled by man and providing a benefit to him. The animals may be wild or tame and may wander over a great space of land. He further notes that, although this term may refer to any sort of animal that is used for man's benefit, it is generally applied to cattle. -
109 hacienda
(Sp. model spelled same [asjénda]< Latin facienda 'things that must be done,' plural neuter form of the future passive participle of facere, which originally meant 'affairs; matters,' then 'goods, riches,' then 'the administration of the goods and riches belonging to the state'; compare ganado)1) New Mexico: 1810. The central compound or main building located on a large ranch or estate. This central compound consisted primarily of the rancher's living quarters. By extension, the term is used in the Southwest to refer to any large Spanish-style home.2) Texas: 1825. The ranch or estate itself, particularly if it was large or extensive. The DRAE gives several meanings for hacienda, among them a piece of land dedicated to agriculture, or a collective term for the livestock owned by a farmer. Santamaría notes that in Mexico a rancho is a farm of little importance, and a hacienda is a larger, more important agricultural venture. -
110 manada
(Sp. model spelled same [manáða] < Spanish mano 'hand' < Latin manum and suffix - ada, indicating capacity; literally, 'handful')1) California: 1842. In general, a herd of wild or tame horses, but more specifically, a herd consisting of a stallion and several mares and colts.2) Carlisle: 1848. By extension from (1), any herd of horses or cattle.Alternate form: manather. -
111 matanza
(Sp. model spelled same [matánsa] < matar 'to kill; to slaughter,' probably from Vulgar Latin * mattare 'to strike, to knock down' < mattum 'stupid; brutalized')The slaughtering of cattle, or the slaughterhouse itself. Blevins indicates that in Spanish California this term referred especially to "the killing of cattle for hides and tallow." The DRAE defines it as the process of killing pigs, extracting the bacon, making use of the loin and other parts, and the making of blood sausage. It also refers in Spanish to the portion of livestock that is set apart for slaughtering. A Spanish synonym that shares the same root is matadero. -
112 mustang
(Of uncertain origin. Probably a combination of mesteño [mestéjio], mestengo [mestérjgo], mestenco [mestérjko], and mostrenco [mostrérjko]. See accompanying explanation)1) Clark: 1800s. An untamed horse, or one that used to be tame, but has returned to the wild. The term originally referred to the horses brought to this continent by Spanish settlers, many of which escaped or were stolen by Indians and ended up running in wild herds in the West and Southwest. The origin of this term is disputed. One theory holds that mustang derives from mesteño, a Spanish term whose principal meaning is an animal (or thing) belonging to the Mesta, an association of owners of livestock (founded in 1273 by the Spanish government, according to Watts) that bred, fed, and sold their animals for their common good. A mesteño was an animal that had become separated from its owner and was considered to be the property of the entire Mesta. Although this term shows a semantic similarity to the English word, it is difficult to justify the nasal and velar consonants in the derived form. Three more likely sources are mestenco, mestengo, and mostrenco, all of which mean 'having no known owner' (according to the DRAE, mestengo refers especially to animals). The first two terms probably derived from mesteño, and the third is itself an adaptation of mestenco (with influence from the verb mostrar 'to show,' since stray animals had to be presented to the Mesta). It is likely that the English mustang derived from one of these three terms or from a combination of the three.Alternate forms: mestang, mestaña, mestengo, mesteño.2) Carlisle: 1929. As a verb, to hunt mustangs with the intention of snaring and domesticating them.3) By extension from (1), a mustang is also a person who is uncouth or unaccustomed to "civilized" society. -
113 partida
Bentley: 1929.1) A group of cattle.2) A party of men, often a band of outlaws. Watts defines this as a term meaning "a small bunch," which can be applied to men or cattle. Blevins, on the other hand, indicates that the term refers to a large grouping. The DRAE glosses it as a gathering of people for a certain task. Santamaría references it as a herd of livestock, generally cattle, gathered for any purpose, but especially for a cattle drive. Cobos indicates that it refers to a flock of sheep, generally around one thousand head. -
114 potrero
(Sp. model spelled same [potrero] < potro [see above] and instrumental/agentive suffix -ero)1) OED: 1848. A pasture for horses or cattle, it may be fenced or unfenced. Referenced in the DRAE as a site dedicated to the raising and grazing of horses. Santamaría glosses it as a piece of good pasture land that is marked with stakes and used for the grazing and fattening of livestock.2) A herder of potros. The DRAE glosses it as a person who cares for potros when they are in the pasture.3) Clark: 1840s. A narrow ridge between two canyons.4) Southwest: 1872. A narrow plateau or mesa with steep sides. Cobos references it as "a gap or narrow ridge between cliffs or a finger of lava rock." -
115 ranch
( rancho [rán,t∫o] < rancharse or ranchearse 'to lodge; to quarter [soldiers]' < French se ranger 'to establish one's self in a a place' < rang 'row, line')1) Clark: 1800s. Originally, a cattle-breeding establishment in the West. It was generally a large operation. According to Watts, the meaning of this term was later broadened to include an establishment of any kind along a trail, including trading posts, stagecoach stations, restaurants, and even brothels.2) The main building on a cattle-raising ranch, or the main building and smaller buildings adjacent to it or surrounding it.3) According to Hendrickson, "a dude ranch."4) As a verb, to breed and raise cattle or other livestock. The DRAE gives several definitions for rancho; most refer to establishments much smaller and more limited in function than the American ranch. The Royal Academy indicates, however, that in the Americas a rancho may be a farm or grange where horses and other quadrupeds are raised. Santamaría defines rancho as a small, modest, or humble farm. It appears that the western meaning of an extensive cattle-breeding operation was adopted after the word was borrowed into English. -
116 ranching
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117 savanero
( sabanero [saßanero] < sabana, of Taino origin plus the suffix -ero, in this case, 'pertaining to' or 'from')Watts: 1850-1900.A herder of animals or a packer or muleteer. Watts indicates that savanero was used originally as a loose term for a plainsman. In Spanish sources, it denotes a person who lives on a plain or one who herds or cares for a herd of livestock on a plain. -
118 tullies
Pertaining to or native to the tulares, particularly with reference to human inhabitants or livestock. -
119 vereda
См. также в других словарях:
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livestock — /luyv stok /, n. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) the horses, cattle, sheep, and other useful animals kept or raised on a farm or ranch. [1650 60; LIVE2 + STOCK] * * * Farm animals, with the exception of poultry. In Western countries the category… … Universalium
livestock — n. to graze livestock * * * [ laɪvstɒk] to graze livestock … Combinatory dictionary
livestock — [[t]la͟ɪvstɒk[/t]] N UNCOUNT COLL Animals such as cattle and sheep which are kept on a farm are referred to as livestock. The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock … English dictionary
livestock — noun Livestock is used before these nouns: ↑breeding, ↑farm, ↑farmer, ↑farming, ↑manure, ↑producer, ↑production, ↑waste … Collocations dictionary
livestock — gyvulys statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Stambus naminis žinduolis, taip pat šuo, katė. atitikmenys: angl. cattle; livestock vok. Vieh, n rus. домашний скот, m … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
