littera

inquĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cunire, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 50 Müll.], to befoul, stain, pollute, defile (syn.: polluo, contamino, conspurco).

Lit.:

vestem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17:

mentior at si quid, merdis caput inquiner albis Corvorum,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 37:

ruris opes niteant: inquinet arma situs,

Ov. F. 4, 928:

(gurgitem) venenis,

id. M. 14, 56:

segetem injecto lolio,

Dig. 9, 2, 27. —

Trop., to pollute, defile, corrupt, contaminate: saepe unus puer petulans atque impurus inquinat gregem puerorum, Varr. ap. Non. 168, 7:

amicitiam nomine criminoso,

Cic. Planc. 19, 46:

agros turpissimis possessoribus, id. Phil, 2, 17, 43: omnem splendorem honestatis,

id. Fin. 5, 8, 22:

urbis jura et exempla corrumpere domesticaque immanitate inquinare,

id. Deiot. 12, 23:

senatum,

Liv. 9, 46, 10:

famam alterius,

id. 29, 37 med.:

argumenta puerorum foedis amoribus,

Quint. 10, 1, 100; cf. id. 2, 5, 24; 4, 2, 102:

se parricidio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 6:

se vitiis atque flagitiis,

id. ib. 1, 30, 72:

nuptias et genus et domos,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 18:

Juppiter inquinavit aere tempus aureum,

id. Epod. 16, 64.—Hence, inquĭnātus, a, um, P. a., befouled, polluted.

Lit.:

aqua turbida et cadaveribus inquinata,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97.—

Transf., stained, dyed:

bis murice vellus inquinatum,

Mart. 4, 4, 6.—

Trop., defiled, impure, filthy, base.

In gen.:

omnibus flagitiis vita inquinata,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

nihil hoc homine inquinatius,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima,

id. Off. 2, 6, 21:

quis in voluptate inquinatior,

id. Cael. 6, 13: comitia largitione inquinata, id. Q. Petit. Cons. fin.:

dextra inquinatior,

Cat. 33, 3:

sermo inquinatissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65.—

In partic.

Of speech, low, base:

est vitiosum in verbis, si inquinatum, si abjectum,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 3, 7:

versus inquinatus, insuavissima littera,

id. Or. 49, 163. —

Tinctured, slightly imbued with any thing (cf. A. 2.):

litteris satis inquinatus est,

Petr. Fragm. Trag. 46 Burm.:

non inquinati sumus (istis vitiis), sed infecti,

Sen. Ep. 59 med. — Adv.: inquĭnātē, filthily, impurely; loqui, Cic. Brut. 37, 140; 74, 258.

in-sīdo, sēdi ( perf. insidi, Amm. 28, 6, 4), sessum, 3, v. n. and a., to sit down in or on, to settle on; constr. with dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.).

Lit.

In gen.:

apes floribus insidunt,

Verg. A. 6, 708:

inscia Dido, Insidat quantus miserae deus,

id. ib. 1, 719;

volucres metuunt insidere ramis,

Luc. 3, 407. — With acc.:

locum,

Stat. Th. 2, 151:

apex insiditur astris,

id. ib. 2, 36:

littera "i" sibi insidit, coniicit enim est ab illo jacit,

coalesces, Quint. 1, 4, 11:

digitos membris,

sink into, Ov. M. 10, 257.—

In partic., to occupy, keep possession of a place.

With dat.:

iniquis silvis,

Verg. A. 11, 531.—

With acc.:

tumulos,

Liv. 8, 24:

Aventinum,

id. 9, 34:

viam,

id. 21, 34:

arcem,

id. 26, 44:

collem,

Flor. 3, 23:

ad itinera insidenda,

Liv. 24, 31:

fauces,

id. 35, 11:

saltus ab hoste insessus,

id. 7, 34:

montes insessi,

Tac. A. 13, 39:

quo jugum melius aptum cervicibus insidat,

may sit more closely on, Col. 2, 22, 2.—

Trop., to be fixed, remain, be rooted in, adhere to:

in memoria,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

insedit in animo oratio,

id. Tusc. 2, 4:

tibi insedisset suspicio,

id. Mil. 25:

macula insedit in nomine,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 3: dum illa verba memoriae insidant, settle, i. e. remain fixed or rooted in the memory, Quint. 10, 7, 2.

instĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum (institivi, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 2), 3, v. a. [in-statuo].

To put or place into, to plant, fix, set (cf.: instruo, informo;

class.): vestigia nuda sinistri Instituere pedis,

Verg. A. 7, 690.— Trop.: argumenta in pectus multa institui, I have put, i. e. formed in my heart, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 2: quemquamne hominem in animum instituere, aut parare, i. e. to set his heart on (al. in animo), Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 13.—

To set up, erect, plant, establish, arrange:

vestigia,

Lucr. 4, 474:

arborem,

Suet. Galb. 1:

pratum,

Col. 2, 18, 3:

jugera tercenta, ubi institui vineae possunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25, 67:

portorium vini,

to lay on, impose, id. Font. 5:

instituit officinam Syracusis in regia maximam,

founded, erected, id. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 54:

mercatum,

id. Phil. 3, 12:

codicem et conscribere,

id. Rosc. Com. 2:

bibliothecam,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 10. —

In gen., to make, fabricate, construct:

magnus muralium pilorum numerus instituitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 39:

naves,

to build, id. ib. 5, 11:

pontem,

to construct, id. ib. 4, 18:

turres,

id. ib. 5, 52:

amphora coepit institui,

Hor. A. P. 22:

convivia,

Suet. Tit. 7:

longiorem sermonem,

to hold, Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

delectum,

id. B. C. 1, 16:

remiges ex provincia,

to obtain, procure, id. B. G. 3, 9.—

To prepare, furnish, provide (viands, food, a feast, etc.):

dapes,

Verg. A. 7, 109:

convivium,

Just. 12, 13, 6:

convivia jucunda,

Suet. Tit. 7.—

Trop.

To institute, found, establish, organize, set up (of institutions, governments, etc.); cf.:

ibi regnum magnum institutum,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 30:

quo in magistratu non institutum est a me regnum, sed repressum,

Cic. Sull. 7, 21: so,

magistratum,

id. Att. 6, 1, 8:

de civitatibus instituendis littera,

id. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

civitatis formam,

Tac. H. 4, 8:

is id regnum cum fratribus suis instituit,

Lact. 1, 13, 14:

ab instituta gente,

Amm. 17, 13, 27:

collegium figulorum,

Plin. 35, 12, 46, § 159:

aerarium militare,

Suet. Aug. 49:

stipendia,

id. Claud. 5.—So of holidays, games, etc.:

ferias diesque festos,

Plin. 18, 29, 69, § 284:

Saturnalia institutus festus dies,

Liv. 2, 21, 2:

sacros ludos,

Ov. M. 1, 446.—

To institute, appoint one, esp. as heir or to an office:

qui me cum tutorem, tum etiam secundum heredem instituerit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 61:

Populum Romanum tutorem,

id. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

magistratum,

id. Att. 6, 1; Suet. Caes. 83; id. Vitel. 6; id. Claud. 1; Just. 7, 2, 5; Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 9.—

With ut, to ordain that: Arcesilas instituit, ut ii, qui, etc., Cic. Fin. 2, 1, 2:

ut fierent quaestores),

Liv. 4, 4; Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 58.—With the simple subj.:

instituit, quotannis subsortitio a praetore fieret,

Suet. Caes. 41.—

To take upon one ' s self, to undertake:

ubi cenas hodie, si hanc rationem instituis?

Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 26:

cum Zenone Arcesilas sibi omne certamen instituit,

Cic. Ac. 1, 12.—

To undertake, begin, commence:

id negotium institutum est,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 103:

si diligentiam, quam instituisti, adhibueris,

id. ib. 16, 20:

perge tenere istam viam, quam instituisti,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 14:

ad hunc ipsum quaedam institui,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 2:

historia nec institui potest sine, etc.,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 9:

iter,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 5.— With inf.:

ut primum Velia navigare coepi, institui Topica conscribere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19 init.:

flagitare,

id. ib. 10, 16, 1:

si quae non nupta mulier virorum alienissimorum conviviis uti instituerit,

begun, made it a practice, id. Cael. 20, 49:

recitare omnia,

Suet. Aug. 84. —

Of troops, to draw up, arrange:

tu actionem instituis, ille aciem instruit,

Cic. Mur. 9:

quartae aciei quam instituerat, signum dedit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 93, 5.—

To provide, procure:

quaestum,

Cic. Quint. 3:

aliquos sibi amicos,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 21:

animum ad cogitandum,

apply, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 10. —

To purpose, determine, resolve upon:

in praesentia (Caesar) similem rationem operis instituit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 42, 1. —With inf.:

senex scribere historias instituit,

Nep. Cat. 3:

quaerere tempus ejus interficiendi,

id. Alcib. 5:

montanos oppugnare,

Liv. 28, 46:

habere secum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13, 1:

coronas ad ipsum mittere,

Suet. Ner. 22.— With object-clause:

frumentum plebi dari,

Vell. 2, 6, 3.—

To order, govern, administer, regulate:

sapienter vitam instituit,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 40:

libri de civitatibus instituendis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 19, 86:

mores,

Quint. 1, 2, 2:

familiam,

id. 10, 3, 9.—

To teach, instruct, train up, educate:

sic tu instituis adulescentes?

Cic. Cael. 17, 39: oratorem, Quint.1, 1, 21.—With inf.:

Latine loqui,

Col. 1, 1, 12:

Pan primus calamos cerā conjungere plures Instituit,

Verg. E. 2, 32; 5, 30; id. G. 1, 148:

amphora fumum bibere instituta Consule Tullo,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 11:

cum tibiis canere voce instituit,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 204.—With abl.:

aliquem disciplinis Graecis,

Quint. 1, 1, 12:

lyrā,

id. 1, 10, 13:

disciplina Romana,

Suet. Caes. 24.—With ad:

aliquem ad dicendum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

aliquem artibus et moribus,

Juv. 14, 74:

filios instituere atque erudire ad majorum instituta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69; § 161:

ad lectionem,

Quint. 1, 7, 17.— With ut or ne and subj.:

quem tu a puero sic instituisses, ut nobili ne gladiatori quidem faveret,

Cic. Quint. 21, 69:

pueros, ut, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 44; id. Aug. 64:

nos, ne quem coleremus, etc.,

Sall. J. 14, 18.—Of animals:

boves,

Col. 6, 2, 8 al.

L, l, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., the eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet (I and J being counted as one), in form modified from a L, like the Greek, but with the angle downward. In sound it was identical with Gr. lambda, Engl. l. L has, according to Pliny, a threefold power: the slight sound of the second l, when doubled, as in ille, Metellus; a full sound, when it ends words or syllables, or follows a consonant in the same syllable, as in sol, silva, flavus, clarus; and a middle sound in other cases, as in lectus, Prisc. 1, 7, 38 (p. 555 P.). In transcriptions of Greek words in Latin and of Latin words in Greek letters, it always corresponds to L.

In etymology it represents,

Usually an original l; cf. alius, allos; lego, legô; leo, leôn; lavo, louô, etc.—

Sometimes an r, as in lilium, leirion; balbus, barbaros; latrare, Sanscr. ra-, to bark; lateo, Sanscr. rah-, to abandon; luceo, Sanscr. ruc-, etc.; cf. also the endings in australis, corporalis, liberalis, and in stellaris, capillaris, maxillaris.—

Sometimes a d; cf. lacrima, dakruon; levir, Sanscr. dēvar, Gr. daêr; oleo, odor, Gr. ozô, odôda; uligo, udus; adeps, Sanscr lip-, to smear, Gr. aleiphar.

Before l an initial guttural or t is often dropped, as latus for tlatus, lis for stlis, lamentum from clamo; lac, cf. Gr. galakt-; and a preceding c, d, n, r, s, or x is omitted or assimilated, as sella for sedula (sed-la), corolla for coronula (coronla), prelum for prem-lum (from premo), āla = ax-la (axilla); so, libellus for liberulus (liber), alligo for ad-ligo, ullus for unulus. In the nominative of nouns the ending s is not added after l, as in consul, vigil; and l final occurs in Latin only in such words.

L stands alone,

As a numeral for 50.—

As an abbreviation, usually for Lucius; rarely for libens, locus, or libertus.

L, l, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., the eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet (I and J being counted as one), in form modified from a L, like the Greek, but with the angle downward. In sound it was identical with Gr. lambda, Engl. l. L has, according to Pliny, a threefold power: the slight sound of the second l, when doubled, as in ille, Metellus; a full sound, when it ends words or syllables, or follows a consonant in the same syllable, as in sol, silva, flavus, clarus; and a middle sound in other cases, as in lectus, Prisc. 1, 7, 38 (p. 555 P.). In transcriptions of Greek words in Latin and of Latin words in Greek letters, it always corresponds to L.

In etymology it represents,

Usually an original l; cf. alius, allos; lego, legô; leo, leôn; lavo, louô, etc.—

Sometimes an r, as in lilium, leirion; balbus, barbaros; latrare, Sanscr. ra-, to bark; lateo, Sanscr. rah-, to abandon; luceo, Sanscr. ruc-, etc.; cf. also the endings in australis, corporalis, liberalis, and in stellaris, capillaris, maxillaris.—

Sometimes a d; cf. lacrima, dakruon; levir, Sanscr. dēvar, Gr. daêr; oleo, odor, Gr. ozô, odôda; uligo, udus; adeps, Sanscr lip-, to smear, Gr. aleiphar.

Before l an initial guttural or t is often dropped, as latus for tlatus, lis for stlis, lamentum from clamo; lac, cf. Gr. galakt-; and a preceding c, d, n, r, s, or x is omitted or assimilated, as sella for sedula (sed-la), corolla for coronula (coronla), prelum for prem-lum (from premo), āla = ax-la (axilla); so, libellus for liberulus (liber), alligo for ad-ligo, ullus for unulus. In the nominative of nouns the ending s is not added after l, as in consul, vigil; and l final occurs in Latin only in such words.

L stands alone,

As a numeral for 50.—

As an abbreviation, usually for Lucius; rarely for libens, locus, or libertus.

lăbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. [from the same root as 1. labor], to totter, be ready to fall, begin to sink, to give way, be loosened (syn.: vacillo, titubo, nato).

Lit.: labat, labuntur saxa, caementae cadunt, Enn. ap. Non. 196, 3 (Trag. v. 142 Vahl.):

signum labat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, 95:

si ex ictu... labant dentes,

Cels. 7, 12, 1:

labat ariete crebro Janua,

Verg. A. 2, 492:

labant curvae naves,

roll, Ov. M. 2, 163:

pressaeque labant sub gurgite turres,

id. ib. 1, 290:

(turris) qua summa labantis Juncturas tabulata dabant,

Verg. A. 2, 463:

littera labat,

written with a trembling hand, Ov. H. 10, 140:

labare sermone,

to stutter, speak indistinctly, Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 146:

si labat oculus et hac atque illac movetur,

is unsteady, Cels. 7, 7, 14:

tarda trementi genua labant,

sink, Verg. A. 5, 432; so,

pedes,

Ov. F. 6, 676:

vincla labant,

are loosed, id. A. A. 2, 85.— Poet., of dying persons:

inde labant populi,

fall, sink, Luc. 6, 93; cf.:

omnia tum vero vitaï claustra lababant,

Lucr. 6, 1153.—With Gr. acc.:

egressi labant vestigia prima,

Verg. A. 10, 283 Forbig. (Rib. egressisque).—

Trop.

To waver, to be unstable, undecided, to hesitate (in opinion, resolution, etc.):

si res labat, Itidem amici collabascunt,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 16; cf.:

scito, labare meum consilium illud, quod satis jam fixum videbatur,

Cic. Att. 8, 14, 2:

labamus mutamusque sententiam,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78:

cum ei labare M. Antonius videretur,

id. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

animumque labantem inpulit,

Verg. A. 4, 22:

labantia corda,

id. ib. 12, 223:

socii labant,

waver in fidelity, Liv. 22, 61; cf.:

fides sociorum,

id. 32, 30, 9:

animus regis,

id. 40, 54; 2, 39:

quīs lababat fides,

whose fidelity was wavering, Sil. 2, 392:

mens,

Ov. M. 6, 629:

tu mente labantem dirige me,

Luc. 2, 244:

ex nimia matrem pietate labare sensit,

Ov. M. 6, 629:

memoria labat,

becomes weak, Liv. 5, 18; cf.:

mens in illis (phreneticis) labat, in hoc (cordiaco) constat,

Cels. 3, 19:

nec dubium habebatur labare hostes,

Tac. A. 2, 26:

labante jam Agrippina,

id. H. 14, 22:

labantem ordinem contirmare,

Suet. Caes. 14:

acies labantes restituere,

Tac. G. 8 init.:

sustinere labantem aciem,

id. H. 3, 23; 5, 18.—

To sink, fall to pieces, go to ruin:

quid non sic aliud ex alio nectitur, ut non, si unam litteram moveris, labent omnia?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74:

omnes rei publicae partes aegras et labantes sanare et confirmare,

id. Mil. 25, 68; cf.:

sustinuisse labantem fortunam populi Romani,

Liv. 26, 41:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50:

labante egregia quondam disciplina,

id. 36, 6:

cum res Trojana labaret,

Ov. M. 15, 437:

labantibus Vitellii rebus,

Tac. H. 2, 86:

si quid in moribus labaret,

id. A. 2, 33.

lĭno, lēvi (līvi), lĭtum, 3, and lĭnĭo, īvi, ītum. 4 (contr. form of the inf. perf. lisse for livisse. Spart. Hadr. 4: perf. livi, Cato, R. R. 69; Col. 12, 50, 17:

levi,

Hor. C. 1, 20, 3: lini for livi, acc. to Prisc. p. 898 P.), v. a. [Sanscr. root li-, to let go, pour; Gr. lib-, leibô; cf. Lat. libo; hence, littera, 2. limus], to daub, besmear, anoint, to spread or rub over.

Lit.:

cerā Spiramenta,

Verg. G. 4, 39:

spicula vipereo felle,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 18:

carmina linenda cedro,

Hor. A. P. 331:

Sabinum quod ego ipse testa Conditum levi (sc. pice),

which I have sealed with pitch, id. C. 1, 20, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 8, 10 Drak. N. cr.:

nam quis plura linit victuro dolia musto?

Juv. 9, 58:

picata opercula diligenter gypso linunt,

Col. 12, 16, 5:

faciem,

Juv. 6, 481:

sucis sagittas,

Sen. Med. 711: cum relego, scripsisse pudet, qui plurima cerno, Me quoque, qui feci, judice digna lini, that deserve to be rubbed out, erased (because the writing on a tablet was rubbed out with the broad end of the style), Ov. P. 1, 5, 15.—In the form linio, īre:

liquidā pice cum oleo linire,

Col. 6, 17; Pall. 4, 10, 29; Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 266:

tectoria luto cum liniuntur,

Vitr. 7, 3 fin. —

To rub over something: linere medicamenta per corpora, Ov. Med. fac. 81.—

Transf.

To overlay, cover: tecta auro, Ov. Med. fac. 7; Mart. 9, 62, 4.—

To bedaub, bemire:

linit ora luto,

Ov. F. 3, 760; Mart. 9, 22, 13.—

Trop., to befoul:

carmine foedo Splendida facta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 237.