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41 racial profiling
проверки по расовому признаку, расовая предвзятость, расовое профилированиеRacial profiling - the practice by which police officers stop motorists of certain racial or ethnic origin because officers believe that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes.
The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > racial profiling
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42 brujo
(Sp. model spelled same [brúxo], of uncertain origin, probably pre-Roman)Southwest: 1940. All of the English language sources reference this term. In their dealings with indigenous peoples, cowboys most likely ran across this Spanish term for wizard, medicine man, shaman, or one who practices black magic (as well as the derivatives below). The DRAE concurs. -
43 cama
(Sp. model spelled same [káma] < Hispanic Latin cama 'bed or couch on the ground,' probably of pre-Roman origin). Nevada: 1940. This General Spanish term for bed sometimes refers to a buckaroo's bedroll. The Spanish term may connote a jocular or pejorative meaning, since a bed on the hard ground next to the campfire is not likely to be very comfortable or fancy. Spanish sources do not reference this particular meaning for the term. -
44 cowboy
A man who is employed by a ranch to care for grazing cattle. The origin of the term is a matter of some discussion. The first cowboys of the American West were the Mexican vaqueros. It is likely that the term cowboy, like its synonym buckaroo, derived from vaquero. The fact that the earliest cowboys were the Mexican herders and that cowboy is so similar to vaquero in its formation lends credence to this theory. The use of "boy" in the term rather than "man" may be explained by the fact that it was originally used (before the Civil War) to refer only to young, inexperienced drovers who herded cattle. It may also have been a derisive or condescending term, similar to the use of 'boy' as a form of address (from whites to black males) in the Deep South. By the 1870s, cowboy became a general term to refer to anyone who tended cattle. Somewhat later (after the 1880s), the term came to connote a wild or uncouth individual. For instance, the Clanton gang, who battled the Earps, are sometimes referred to as such. The term cowboy has become widespread in English and is used extensively as an attributive adjective. Its usage today frequently connotes an impulsive individual who, through a show of force, attempts to resolve a conflict. -
45 gringo
(Sp. model spelled same [gringo], of disputed origin)A term used derisively in the Southwest to refer to Anglos, newcomers, and strangers. The DRAE references gringo as a foreigner, generally one who speaks a language other than Spanish, and especially one who speaks English. It is also an adjective for any foreign language. Santamaría notes that in Mexico it refers to a person from the United States and adds that the term has been extended to refer to any fair-skinned person, or even a white animal with blue eyes and light-colored lashes. There have been many theories, some of which do not reflect careful, serious study as to how this term came into Spanish. Some wordsmiths have suggested it derives from 'green coat,' referring to the uniforms of United States soldiers. Another theory holds that the term comes from a song sung by American soldiers that contained the verse "green grow the rashes, O" ("rashes" was sometimes replaced by "rushes" or "lilacs," depending on the version). Hendrickson suggests that the term derives from the name of Major Samuel Ringgold (pronounced with a trilled /r / and apocope of the final consonant cluster; a plausible Mexican Spanish adaptation). Ringgold was a United States officer and strategist who faced the Mexicans during the Mexican War. However, since the term is attested to as early as 1787 with reference to the Irish brigades in Spain (who may have worn green coats and sung the verse cited above), the preceeding explanations cannot be entirely correct. Far more likely than any of these theories is the distinct possibility that the term comes from griego, meaning Greek in Spanish. It is comparable to the English phrase "it's all Greek to me." -
46 casaid
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47 česnъ
česnъ; česno; česnъkъ Grammatical information: m. o; n. o; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `garlic'Page in Trubačev: IV 89-90Russian:česnók `garlic' [m o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:čèsan `garlic' [m o];čèsno `garlic' [n o];Čak. čèsan (Orbanići) `garlic' [m o], česnȁ [Gens]Slovene:čésǝn `garlic' [m o], čésna [Gens];čésnǝk `garlic (dim.)' [m o], čésǝnka [Gens], čésnǝka [Gens]Bulgarian:čésăn `garlic' [m o]Certainty: -Comments: As the Celtic forms point to *kasn-, it is likely that this etymon is not of IE origin.Other cognates: -
48 česno
česnъ; česno; česnъkъ Grammatical information: m. o; n. o; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `garlic'Page in Trubačev: IV 89-90Russian:česnók `garlic' [m o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:čèsan `garlic' [m o];čèsno `garlic' [n o];Čak. čèsan (Orbanići) `garlic' [m o], česnȁ [Gens]Slovene:čésǝn `garlic' [m o], čésna [Gens];čésnǝk `garlic (dim.)' [m o], čésǝnka [Gens], čésnǝka [Gens]Bulgarian:čésăn `garlic' [m o]Certainty: -Comments: As the Celtic forms point to *kasn-, it is likely that this etymon is not of IE origin.Other cognates: -
49 česnъkъ
česnъ; česno; česnъkъ Grammatical information: m. o; n. o; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `garlic'Page in Trubačev: IV 89-90Russian:česnók `garlic' [m o]Old Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:čèsan `garlic' [m o];čèsno `garlic' [n o];Čak. čèsan (Orbanići) `garlic' [m o], česnȁ [Gens]Slovene:čésǝn `garlic' [m o], čésna [Gens];čésnǝk `garlic (dim.)' [m o], čésǝnka [Gens], čésnǝka [Gens]Bulgarian:čésăn `garlic' [m o]Certainty: -Comments: As the Celtic forms point to *kasn-, it is likely that this etymon is not of IE origin.Other cognates: -
50 mьstь
mьstь; mьsta Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `vengeance, revenge'Page in Trubačev: XXI 172-174Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Bulgarian:măst `vengeance, revenge' [f i]Page in Pokorny: 715Comments: I consider a reconstruction * mith₂-ti- more likely than the assumption that * mьstь has the same origin as -> * mьzda.Other cognates: -
51 mьsta
mьstь; mьsta Grammatical information: f. i; f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `vengeance, revenge'Page in Trubačev: XXI 172-174Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:Bulgarian:măst `vengeance, revenge' [f i]Page in Pokorny: 715Comments: I consider a reconstruction * mith₂-ti- more likely than the assumption that * mьstь has the same origin as -> * mьzda.Other cognates: -
52 ἄπιον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `pear' (Pl.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: To Lat. pirum, pirus. Generally considerd a Mediterranian loan; initial ἀ- a prothesis, Kretschmer Glotta 21, 89. See Hubschmid, Thesaurus 2, 121. Berger MSS 9 (1956) 15ff compares Burushaski pheṣ̌o; improbable. Steinbauer, Etym. Unters. 1989, 68 argues that it could be IE * h₂pis-os; less likely: PIE root * h₂peis-?Page in Frisk: 1,121Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄπιον
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53 ἄρταμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `butcher, cook (S.).Dialectal forms: Myc. atomo?Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Eustathios 577, 45 explains ὁ εἰς ἄρτια τέμνων, i.e. haplological for *ἀρτί-ταμος or *ἀρτό-ταμος `artful cutting'. DELG objects that we expect - τομος. To my mind, most improbable. Fur. 345: substr., without evidence, but a priori the most likely solution. Cf. J. Schmidt Kritik 83f.; s. also Ἄρτεμις.Page in Frisk: 1,153Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρταμος
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