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1 vaiya
waiya also vaia, waia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out. In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya / waiya was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w v, like the letter wilya vilya in the later, canonical system VT46:21. According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of \#21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala VT46:32. -
2 Návarot
noun "Nogrod" Novrod, Hollowbold, name of a dwelling of the Dwarves WJ:389. If the element that is here translated náva is the same as náva "mouth", the initial n comes from earlier ng ñ and should be represented by the letter noldo rather than númen in Tengwar writing. However, Tolkien in WJ:414 reconstructs the primitive form of the náva in Návarot as ¤nābā rather than **ngābā or **ngāwā the likely source of náva "mouth", so this appears doubtful. The initial n of Návarot should evidently be represented by the letter númen in Tengwar writing. -
3 ehtyar
noun "spearman" EK/EKTE. According to VT45:12, Tolkien at one point also meant ehtyar to be the name of Tengwa \#15 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value hty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value **ncy since \#15 is there assigned the value nc in Quenya, but since **ncy is not a possible Quenya combination, a palatal variant of \#15 would not occur in the classical Quenya mode. -
4 -t
1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu. The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, two stars shall shine, VT49:45; the verb carit do would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. -
5 istyar
noun "scholar, learned man" IS. According to VT45:18, Tolkien at one point also meant istyar to be the name of Tengwa \#13 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value sty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value *nty since \#13 is there assigned the value nt in Quenya. -
6 thosta-(þosta-)
vb. put to fright, terrify; this is Old Quenya PE17:87 there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th -
7 thosso(þossë)
noun fear in Old Quenya PE17:87, there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th -
8 nwalmë
noun"torment", also name of tengwa \#20. Originally pronounced ngwalmë; initial ng had become n in Third Age pronunciation Appendix E. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë. -
9 nwalya-
vb. "to pain, torment" ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalya = *ngwalya; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë above. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë. -
10 Anar
noun "Sun" ANÁR, NARsup1/sup, SA:nár; UT:22 cf. 51; anar "a sun" Markirya; Anarinya "my Sun" FS. See also ceuranar, Úr-anar. According to VT45:6, Tolkien in the Etymologies mentioned anar "sun" as the name of the short vowel carrier of the Tengwar writing system; it would be the first letter if anar is written in Quenya mode Tengwar. Compounded in the masc. name Anárion *"Sun-son" Isildur's brother, also the Númenorean king Tar-Anárion, UT:210; also in Anardil *"Sun-friend" Appendix A, a name also occurring in the form Anardilya with a suffix of endearment UT:174, 418. Anarya noun second day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Sun Appendix D. Anarríma name of a constellation: *"Sun-border"??? Silm; cf. ríma -
11 sarat
pl. sarati given noun "letter", any individual significant mark, used of the letters of Rúmil after the invention of Fëanor's tengwar WJ:396. Cf. sarmë. -
12 anga
noun "iron", also name of tengwa \#7 ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter \#19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead VT45:6. Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" Letters:347, Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod SA:ara. See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound Silm -
13 nwalca
"k" adj. "cruel" ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalca = *ngwalca; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë below. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë. -
14 Manwë
noun "Blessed Being" Letters:283, the Elder King and Lord of the Valar, spouse of Varda. The name is adopted and adapted from Valarin Mānawenūz; names ending in -wë were already frequent in Quenya WJ:399. In the Etymologies derived from MAN, WEG.Cf. Mánwen, Mánwë the oldest Quenya forms of Manwë, closer to the Valarin form WJ:399. Lower-case manwë in LR:56. Ablative Manwello, VT49:24 in this source Tolkien indicated that lo Manwë is the preferred way of saying from Manwë, but this was apparently a short-lived idea; see lo. Masc. name Manwendil "Manwë-friend; one devoted to Manwë" UT:210. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, Manwë was also the name of letter \#22 VT45:32, which tengwa Tolkien would later call vala instead changing its Quenya value from m to v. -
15 naulë
noun "wolf-howl" ÑGAW; this must represent earlier *ñaulë = *ngaulë; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare ñauro below. In Tengwar writing, the initial N would be represented by the letter noldo, not númen. -
16 tengwa
pl. tengwar is attested 1 noun "letter" Tengwa ñ is defined as "any one visible sign representing theoretically any one audible teñgwe" phoneme VT39:17. In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs WJ:396, TEK. In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë VT46:17. -
17 vanimalda
adj. with suffix *"your beautiful"; Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty = beautiful Arwen" WJ:369, cf. PE17:55.The ending for sg. "your" normally appears as -lya rather than -lda which according to late sources is rather the ending for plural your, here inappropriate. Originally Tolkien seems to have intended vanimalda as an inflected form of vanima beautiful, the ending -lda expressing comparative, superlative or simply exceedingly PE17:56: vanimalda = exceeding fair. However, since this ending was later revised out of existence, Tolkien reinterpreted the word. The Second Edition of LotR changes one letter to arrive at the reading vanimue/ulda, q.v. for Tolkiens new explanation.% -
18 norta
ñ 2 adj. "horrible" VT46:4. In Tengwar writing, the initial N would be represented by the letter noldo, not númen. -
19 umbar(umbart-)
as in dat.sg. umbarten noun "fate, doom" MBARAT, also name of tengwa \#6 Appendix E.Cf. Umbarto. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, umbar was the name of letter \#18 VT45:33, which tengwa Tolkien would later call malta instead changing its Quenya value from mb to m. In the word Tarumbar "King of the World" q.v., umbar appears to be a variant of Ambar q.v. instead. -
20 wingë
noun "foam, crest of wave, crest" WIG; "foam, spindrift" LT1:273. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, wingë was also the name of tengwa \#24, which letter Tolkien would later call wilya vilya instead. - Also winga so in Markirya.
См. также в других словарях:
letter — let‧ter [ˈletə ǁ ər] noun [countable] 1. a written or printed message that is usually put in an envelope and sent by mail: • Please sign the letter and mail it back within two weeks. alloˈcation ˌletter also alˈlotment ˌletter FINANCE a letter… … Financial and business terms
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letter — letter, epistle, missive, note, message, dispatch, report, memorandum are comparable when they mean a communication sent or transmitted as distinct from one conveyed directly from source to recipient (as by oral utterance). Letter is the ordinary … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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