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1 málmgrÿti
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2 RAUÐI
m. bog iron ore;blása rauða, to smelt iron ore.* * *a, m. red iron-ore, haematite, from which the Norse settlers wrought iron (whence rauða-blástr, m. = the forging of haematite); hann bjó í Dalsminni (in western Icel.), hann blés fyrstr manna rauða á Íslandi. ok var hann af því kallaðr Rauða-Björn, Landn. (Melab.) 71; Skallagrímr var járnsmiðr mikill ok hafði rauða-blástr mikinn á vetrinn, Eg. 141, cp. the description in Sks. 162, 163; for remains of furnaces found in Icel. see Eggert Itin. ch. 575. 719, 720: for the phrase rauða undr, the red wonder Sks. l. c.:— ore, hann (Saturnus) fann ok rauða þann í jörðu er hann blés gull af, Edda (pref.) 148. -
3 MÁLMR
m.1) ore (m., er járn skal of gera);2) metal (þann málm, er gull heitir).* * *m. (prop. malmr); [Ulf. malma = ἄμμος; A. S. mealm, mealm-stân = sandstone; Hel. melm = pulvis; from mala = to grind; cp. Germ. zer-malmen]:—originally sand, as in the Goth. and A. S., but only remaining in local names, as Málm-haugar = Malmö in Sweden.II. metal, Sks. 14, 162, Fms. v. 343, 344, x. 284, Rb. 318. Stj. 45, 508, Bs. i. 134, passim in old and mod. usage; in the earliest poets chiefly of gold, höfgan málm, the heavy metal, gold, Sighvat; skírr málmr, the bright metal. Akv.; málma fergir, a gold giver, a prince, Lex. Poët.; Gníta heiðar-m., gold, Edda; Rínar rauð-m., the red metal of the Rhine, gold, Bm.: of iron, weapons (?), þar er málmar brustu, Hallfred; Gota-m., the ore of the Goths. armour, Fas. i. 439 (in a verse); Húnlenzkr m., armour, weapons (?), Hornklofi; Vala-m., Welsh or foreign ore, treasures, Fas. iii. (in a verse): the battle is málma-skúr, -galdr, -hjaldr; as also málm-flaug, -dynr, -hríð, -regn, -róg, -þing, -þrima, = a clash of weapons: málm-gautr, -Óðinn, -rjóðr, -runnr, = a warrior, see Lex. Poët.COMPDS: málmhlið, málmlogi, málmpottr, málmæðr. -
4 BERG
n.1) rock, boulder;2) cliff, precipice (framan í bergi).* * *n. [Ulf. bairga = η ορεινή; A. S. biorh; Germ. berg; Dan. bjærg; Swed. berg; cp. bjarg and borg, in Swed. and Dan. berg means a mountain gener., = Icel. fjall; in Icel. berg is a special name]:—a rock, elevated rocky ground, as in lögberg; vaðberg, a rock on the shore where the angler stands; móberg, a clay soil, saxum terrestri-arenaceum fuscum, Eggert Itin.; þursaberg is a sort of whetstone, cp. Edda 58; and heinberg, hone-stone, id.; silfrberg, silver-ore, Stj.; á bergi, on a rock or rocky platform.β. a rock, boulder; varð b. eitt undir höfði honum, Flov. 31.γ. a precipice = björg; framan í bergi, Fms. vii. 81, Eg. 581, Hkr. i. 151; meitilberg. -
5 EIR
n. brass, copper.* * *1.m. [Lat. aes; Goth. aiz; A. S. âr; Engl. ore; O. H. G. er; Hel. erin; Germ. erz]:—brass, Stj. 340, 656. 7, Greg. 80, Hkr. i. 265, Fms. x. 284. COMPDS denoting brazen, of brass: eir-altari, m. a brazen altar, Stj. eir-baugr, m. a brazen ring, Fb. i. 370. eir-hestr, m. a brazen horse, Merl. eir-hjálmr, n. a brazen helmet, Stj. 461. eir-ketill, m. a brass kettle, Grág. i. 504, Eg. 396. eir-kross, m. a brazen cross, Vm. 49. eir-kyrtill, m. a brazen cloak (used for torment), Blas. 46, 655. 14. eir-lampi, a. m. a brass lamp, Jm. 2. eir-ormr, m. a brazen serpent, Stj. 333. Numb. xxi. 9. eir-penningr, m. a penny of brass, Post. 645. 78. eir-skjöldr, m. a brazen shield, Stj. 461. 1 Sam. xvii. 6. eir-stólpi, a, m. a pillar of brass, Stj. 564. eir-teinn, m. a wire of brass, Fms. ii. 129. eir-uxi, a, m. an ox of brass (image), Stj. 2 Kings, xvi. 17.2.f. peace, clemency; this word occurs several times in old poetry (Kormak), but not in prose, cp. Lex. Poët., and in COMPDS: eirarsamr, eirarlauss.II. one of the heathen goddesses, Edda. -
6 EYRA
* * *(pl. eyru), n. ear (eyrum hlýðir gestr, en augum skoðar); setja hnefa við e. e-m, to give one a box on the ear; leiða e-n af eyrum, to get rid of one; koma e-m til eyrna, to come to one’s ears, of news; hafa nef í e. e-m, to put the nose in one’s ear, to whisper to one, of a tell-tale.* * *n., pl. eyru, gen. eyrna, [Lat. auris; Goth. ausô: A. S. eâre; Engl. ear; O. H. G. ôra; Germ. ohr; Swed. öra, öron; Dan. öre, ören]:—an ear; eyrum hlýðir, en augum skoðar, he listens with his ears, but looks with his eyes, Hm. 7:—proverbs, mörg eru konungs eyru, many are the king’s ears, Orkn. 252; þar eru eyru sæmst sem óxu, the ears fit best where they grow, i. e. a place for everything and everything in its place, Nj. 80; láta inn um eitt eyrat en út um hitt, to let a thing in at one ear and out at the other; láta e-t sem vind um eyrun þjóta, to let a thing blow like the wind about one’s ears, i. e. heed it not; Grími var sem við annat eyrat gengi út þat er Þorsteinn mælti, Brand. 60; svá var sem Kálfi færi um annat eyrat út þótt hann heyrði slíkt talað, Fms. xi. 46; skjóta skolla-eyrum við e-u, to turn a fox’s ear (a deaf ear) to a thing; þar er mér úlfs ván er ek eyru sé’k, I can guess the wolf when I see his ears, Fm. 35, Finnb. 244; við eyra e-m, under one’s nose, Ld. 100; mæla í e. e-m, to speak into one’s ear, Fg. 549; hafa nef í eyra e-m, to put one’s nose in one’s ear, i. e. to be a tell-tale, Lv. 57; leiða e-n af eyrum, to get rid of one, Ísl. ii. 65; setja e-n við eyra e-m, to place a person at one’s ear, of an unpleasant neighbour, Ld. 100; setr (hnefann) við eyra Hými, gave Hymir a box on the ear, Edda 36; e-m loðir e-t í eyrum, it cleaves to one’s ears, i. e. one remembers, Bs. i. 163; reisa, sperra eyrun, to prick up the ears, etc.; koma til eyrna e-m, to come to one’s ears, Nj. 64; roðna út undir bæði eyru, to blush from ear to ear.COMPDS: eyrnablað, eyrnablaðkr, eyrnasnepill, eyrnabúnaðr, eyrnagull, eyrnahringr, eyrnalof, eyrnamark, eyraruna, eyrnaskefill.II. some part of a ship, Edda (Gl.)β. a handle, e. g. on a pot.γ. anatom., óhljóðs-eyru, the auricles of the heart.δ. hunds-eyru, dogs-ears (in a book). -
7 EYRIR
(gen. -is, pl. aurar), m.1) ounce of silver, the eighth part of a mark (átta aurar í mörk); hringr, er stendr sex aura, a ring weighing or worth six aurar; verðr þá at hálfri mörk vaðmála e., then the eyrir is equal to half a mark in wadmal; e. brendr = e. brends silfrs, an ounce of pure silver;2) ounce (svá var haglit stórt, at hvert haglkornit vá eyri);3) money in general, property; ljósir aurar verða at löngum trega, bright silver brings long, woe; ilir af aurum, a miser; gefin til aura (= til fjár), wedded for money; hann vissi ekki aura sinna tal, he knew not the tale (extent) of his riches; lausir aurar, opp. to ‘fastr eyrir’, movables, chattels (lönd ok lausir aurar); fríðr eyrir (= frítt fé, kvikfé), cattle;4) money, currency; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, asked in what money he wished to be paid.* * *m., gen. eyris, dat. and acc. eyri; pl. aurar, gen. aura, dat. aurum; a word prob. of foreign origin, from Lat. aureus, Fr. or, Engl. ore; (A. S. ora is, however, prob. Danish.) The first coins known in Scandinavia were Roman or Byzantine, then Saxon or English; as the old word baugr (q. v.) denoted unwrought, uncoined gold and silver, so eyrir prob. originally meant a certain coin:I. an ounce of silver or its amount in money, the eighth part of a mark; an eyrir is = sixty pennies (penningar) = three ertog; tuttugu penningar vegnir í örtug, þrír örtugar í eyri. átta aurar í mörk, 732. 16; silfr svá slegit at sextigir penninga görði eyri veginn, Grág. i. 500; penning, þat skal hinn tíundi (prob. a false reading, x instead of lx) hlutr eyris, 357; hálfs eyris met ek hverjan, I value each at a half eyrir, Glúm, (in a verse); leigja skip þrem aurum, to hire a boat for three aurar, Korm.; einn eyrir þess fjár heitir alaðsfestr, Grág. i. 88: the phrase, goldinn liverr eyrir, every ounce paid; galt Guðmundr hvern eyri þá þegar, Sturl. i. 141; gjalda tvá aura fyrir einn, to pay two for one, Grág. i. 396, ii. 234; verðr þá at hálfri mörk vaðmála eyrir, then the eyrir amounts to half a mark in wadmal, i. 500; brent silfr, ok er eyririnn at mörk lögaura, pure silver, the ounce of which amounts to a mark in lögaurar, 392; hring er stendr sex aura, a ring worth or weighing six aurar, Fms. ii. 246; hence baugr tví-eyringr, tvítug-eyringr, a ring weighing two or twenty aurar, Eb., Glúm.β. as a weight of other things beside silver; hagl hvert vá eyri, every hail-stone weighed an ounce, Fms. i. 175; stæltr lé ok vegi áttjan aura, eggelningr, þeir skulu þrír fyrir tvá aura, a scythe of wrought steel and weighing eighteen aurar, an ell-long edge, three such cost two aurar (in silver), the proportion between the weight in wrought iron and the worth in silver being 1:28, Grág. i. 501.γ. the amount of an ounce, without any notion of the medium of payment, hence such phrases as, tólf aura silfrs, twelve aurar to be paid in silver, Nj. 54; eyrir brendr, burnt eyrir, i. e. an eyrir sterling, pure silver, D. N.II. money in general; skal þar sinn eyri hverjum dæma, to every one his due, his share, Grág. i. 125; in proverbs, ljósir aurar verða at löngum trega, bright silver brings long woe, Sl. 34; margr verðr af aurum api, Hm. 74; illr af aurum, a miser, Jd. 36; vára aura, our money, Vkv. 13; leggja aura, to lay up money, Eg. (in a verse); gefin til aura (= til fjár), wedded to money, Ísl. ii. 254 (in a verse); telja e-m aura, to tell out money to one, Skv. 3. 37, cp. 39: the phrase, hann veit ekki aura sinna tal, he knows not the tale of his aurar, of boundless wealth. Mar. 88: the allit. phrase, lönd (land, estate) ok lausir aurar (movables, cp. Dan. lösöre, Swed. lösören), Eg. 2; hafa fyrirgört löndum ok lausum eyri, K. Á. 94.2. money or specie; the allit. phrase, aurar ok óðal, money and estates, N. G. L. i. 48; ef hann vill taka við aurum slíkum ( such payment) sem váttar vitu at hann reiddi honum, 93; þeim aurum öllum ( all valuables) sem til bús þeirra vóru keyptir, Grág. i. 412; Flosi spurði í hverjum aurum hann vildi fyrir hafa, F. asked in what money he wished to he paid, Nj. 259; lögaurar, such money as is legal tender; þú skalt gjalda mér vaðmál, ok skilrað hann frá aðra aura, other kinds of payment, Grág. i. 392; útborinn eyrir, in the phrase, mér er það enginn utborinn (or útburðar-) eyrir, I do not want to part with it, offer it for sale; eyrir vaðmála, payment in wadmal (stuff), 300, Bs. i. 639: for the double standard, the one woollen (ells), the other metal (rings or coin), and the confusion between them, see Dasent’s Burnt Njal, vol. ii. p. 397 sqq.: at different times and places the ell standard varied much, and we hear of three, six, nine, twelve ell standards (vide alin, p. 13): in such phrases as ‘mörk sex álna aura,’ the word ‘mörk’ denotes the amount, ‘sex álna’ the standard, and ‘aura’ the payment = payment of ‘a mark of six ells,’ cp. a pound sterling, K. Þ. K. 172; hundrað (the amount) þriggja álna (the standard) aura, Sturl. i. 141, 163, Boll. 362, Ísl. ii. 28; mörk sex álna eyris, Fsk. 10, N. G. L. i. 65, 101, 389, 390; þrem mörkum níu álna eyris, 387–389; sex merkr tólf álna eyrir, 81.β. in various compds, etc.; land-aurar, land tax, Jb. ch. i, Ó. H. 54; öfundar-eyrir, money which brings envy, Fs. 12; sak-metinn e., sak-eyrir, sakar-eyrir, money payable in fines, Fms. vii. 300; ómaga-eyrir, the money of an orphan, K. Þ. K. 158, Grág. ii. 288; liksöngs-eyrir, a ‘lyke-fee,’ burial fee (to the clergyman); vísa-eyrir, a tax: góðr e., good payment, D. N.; verð-aurar, articles used for payment, id.; forn-gildr e., standard, sterling payment, id.; færi-eyrir = lausir aurar, Skv. 3. 50; flytjandi e., id., Fr.; kaupmanna e., trade money; búmanna e., D. N.; Norrænn e., Norse money, Lv. 25; Hjaltenzkr e., Shetland money, D. N. (vide Fritzner s. v.); fríðr e., ‘kind,’ i. e. sheep and cattle, Grág.COMPDS:I. pl., aura-dagr, m. pay-day, D. N. aura-lag, n. the standard of money, Fms. vii. 300, 304. aura-lán, n. worldly luck, 656 i. 3. aura-lógan, f. the squandering of money, 655 iii. 1. aura-lykt, n. payment, D. N. aura-skortr, m. scarcity of money, D. N. aura-taka, u, f. receipt of money, N. G. L. i. 93, Gþl. 298.II. sing., eyris-bót, f. fine of an eyrir, Grág. i. 158. eyris-kaup, n. a bargain to the amount of an eyrir, Gþl. 511. eyris-land, n. land giving the rent of an eyrir, Fms. x. 146. eyris-skaði, a, m. loss to the amount of an eyrir, Jb. 166. eyris-tíund, f. tithe of an eyrir, K. Þ. K. 148. eyris-tollr, m. toll of an eyrir, H. E. ii. 95. -
8 EYRR
(gen. eyrar, dat. and acc. eyri; pl. eyrar), f. sand or gravelbank, either of the banks of rivers (áreyrar, dalseyrar) or of a small point of land running into the sea, a spit.* * *f., mod. eyri, gen. eyrar, dat. and acc. eyri, pl. eyrar, [aurr; Dan. öre; Swed. ör: it remains also in Scandin. local names, as Eyrar-sund, the Sound; Helsing-ör, Elsinore, qs. Helsingja-eyrr]:—a gravelly bank, either of the banks of a river (ár-eyrar, dals-cyrar) or of small tongues of land running into the sea, Fms. v. 19, Eg. 196, Nj. 85, Grág. ii. 355, N. G. L. i. 242, and passim in local names, esp. in Icel., vide Landn.: eyrar-oddi and eyrar-tangi, a, m. the point or tongue of an eyrr, Gísl. 93, Grág. ii. 354, Jb. 314, Háv. 47; Eyrar-maðr, m. a man from the place E., Sturl. iii. 11, Band. 9; Eyr-byggjar, m. pl. id., hence Eyrbyggja Saga, the history of that name, Landn., Eb., Bs. i. 409. A great meeting used to be held at Haleyr, now Copenhagen (P. A. Munch), Fær. ch. 2, hence Eyrar-floti, a, m. the fleet at Eyrar, Eg. 78. Another meeting was held in Drondheim (Niðarós) on the gravel banks of the river Nid, hence Eyrar-þing, n., Fms. vi. 24, viii. 49, ix. 91, 449, etc.II. duels usually took place on a gravel bank or on an island, hence the phrase, ganga út á eyri, to go to fight, Ísl. ii. 256 (in a verse); mér hefir stillir stökt til eyrar, the king has challenged me to fight a duel, Hkv. Hjörv. 33.β. in poetry used in circumlocutions of a woman, Lex. Poët. -
9 eyr-silfr
n. ‘ore-silver,’ mercury, 655 xxx. 7; mod. kvika-silfr. -
10 gull-málmr
m. gold ore, Bret. -
11 járn-æðr
f. iron vein, ore, 544. 39. -
12 málm-æðr
f. a vein of ore, Stj. 45. -
13 rauð-málmr
m. the red ore = gold, Bm. -
14 Rín
f. the Rhine, Akv. 27, Bkv. 11, Bm., Gm., Edda, Symb., passim; the fem. gender (masc. in Germ. der Rhein, Lat. Rhenus) prob. arose from the appellative, (áin Rín, the river Rhine); Rínar-kvíslir, -ósar, Ant. 288: in poetry gold is called Rínar-málmr, Rín-leygr,— the ore or the fire of the Rhine, referring to the legends of the Niebelungen Hort, Lex. Poët. -
15 silfr-berg
n. silver ore, Stj. 85. -
16 Valir
m. pl. the inhabitants of France (other than the Franks); Vala málmr, Vala ript, gold or costly stuff from France.* * *m. pl. [A. S. Walas or Wealas; mid. Lat. Wallus], the ‘Welsh,’ esp. the Celtic people in France, Frakkar, Flæmingjar, Valir (Franks, Flemings, Walloons), Symb. 18; Völum Kjarr, Cear ruled the ‘Welsh,’ Fas. i. (in a verse); Valir ok Bretar, Art.; allir Valirnir undruðusk, the ‘Welsh,’ i. e. French, Karl. 35.II. spec. usages; Vala málmr, ‘Welsh’ ore, i. e. gold, Hdl. 8, Fas. iii. 31 (in a verse); Vala ript, a texture of the ‘Welsh,’ i. e. foreign, costly texture, Skv. 3. 63; Vala mengi, a host of ‘Welsh,’ id. -
17 ýra
(-ða), v. to shed in small drops;refl., ýrast, to drizzle;ýrðist dögg reyfit, dew settled on the fleece.* * *1.ð, [úr, n.], to drizzle; ýrðisk dögg á reifit, Stj. 397; það ýrir úr honum, it drizzles, rains: the phrase, ýra e-u úr sér, to dole out; or, það ýrir í e-t, to glitter, like drops of dew; ýranda full, a brimful beaker, Ad. 6: of the glittering particles in iron or other ore, ýrt járn, corned iron; in the saying, ýrt járn kvað kerling, átti kníf deigan.2.u, f. a squirt; Ílluga ýrur skella einatt framan í Sveini, a ditty, Espól. 1758. -
18 örtug
also spelt ertog, ærtog, [the etymology of the first part of the word is not certain, but it is prob. a compd, qs. ör-togr, the latter part being togr = twenty, prob. so called because twenty ‘penningar’ made an ærtog; ör or ær may be the old name of a small coin, cp. mod. Swed. öre, a small coin worth less than an English farthing; the mod. Norse name ‘ort,’ = a fifth part of a dollar specie, is an abbreviation of örttog]:—the name of an old coin or piece of money, amounting to a third part of an ounce (eyrir) = twenty penningar or pence, N. G. L., D. N. passim; skolu þeir báðir í ertogi (dat.), N. G. L. i. 185; see eyrir. -
19 rauðablátstr
m. smelting of red iron ore (raudi).
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