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1 large-surface cathode
large-surface cathode Flächenkatode fEnglish-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > large-surface cathode
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2 Fischer, E.
[br]fl. 1930s Switzerland[br]Swiss engineer who invented the Eidophor large-screen television projector.[br]Fischer was a professor of engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in the late 1930s. Interested in the emerging technology for television, he was of the opinion that the growth of television would take place through the development and use of large-screen cinema-type displays serving large audiences. He therefore carried out research into suitable techniques. Realizing the brightness limitations of projection systems based on the optical magnification of the image produced by a conventional cathode ray tube, he used the deflected electron-beam, not to excite a phosphor screen, but to deposit a variable charge on the surface of a film or oil. By means of a Schlieren slit system, the consequent deformations of the surface were used to spatially modulate the light from an electric arc or a discharge tube, giving a large, high-brightness image. Although the idea, first put forward in 1939, was not taken up for cinema television, the subsequent requirement of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the 1960s for large colour displays in its Command and Control Centres led to the successful development of the idea by Gretag AG, a subsidiary of Ciba-Geigy: separate units were used for the red, green and blue images. In the 1990s, colour Eidophor projectors were used for large conference meetings and pop concerts.[br]Bibliography1946, "Views on the suitability of a cathode ray tube with a fluorescent screen for projection in cinemas", Bulletin of the Association of Swiss Electricians 39:468 (describes the concept of the Eidophor).Further ReadingE.H.Baumann, 1953, "The Fischer large screen projection system", Journal of Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers 60:344.A.Robertson, 1976, "Projection television. A review of current practice in large-screen projectors", Wireless World 47.KF -
3 impedance
1) полное сопротивление, импеданс•- acoustic impedance
- active impedance of array element
- anode-load impedance
- antenna impedance
- antenna input impedance
- asynchronous impedance
- avalanche impedance
- blocked impedance
- blocked electrical impedance
- blocked mechanical impedance
- branch impedance
- breakdown impedance
- cathode-coating impedance
- cathode-interface impedance
- cathode-interface layer impedance
- cavity impedance
- characteristic impedance
- characteristic wave impedance
- closed impedance
- closed-loop input impedance
- closed-loop output impedance
- common-mode input impedance
- complex impedance
- conjugate impedances
- dc impedance
- differential-input impedance
- driving impedance
- driving-point impedance
- dynamic impedance
- dynamic plate impedance
- electrical impedance
- electrode impedance
- feed-point impedance
- filter characteristic impedance
- free impedance
- free-motional impedance
- free-space characteristic impedance
- gate-to-drain impedance
- gate-to-source impedance
- image impedances
- input impedance
- input antenna impedance
- interaction impedance
- internal input impedance
- internal output impedance
- intrinsic impedance
- isolated impedance of array element
- iterative impedance
- large-signal impedance
- line impedance
- load impedance
- loaded impedance
- loop impedance
- loudspeaker impedance
- low-signal impedance
- lumped impedance
- magnetic impedance
- matched impedance
- matching impedance
- mechanical impedance
- mesh impedance
- modal impedance
- motional impedance
- mutual impedance
- negative impedance
- nominal impedance
- normal impedance
- normalized impedance
- off impedance
- on impedance
- open-circuit impedance
- open-circuit forward-transfer impedance
- open-circuit input impedance
- open-circuit output impedance
- open-circuit reverse-transfer impedance
- opened impedance
- open-loop output impedance
- parasitic impedance
- plate impedance
- plate-load impedance
- plate-to-plate impedance
- radiation impedance
- reciprocal impedance
- reduced impedance
- reflected impedance
- rejector impedance
- resistive impedance - short-circuit impedance
- short-circuit input impedance
- single-ended input impedance
- skin impedance
- small-signal impedance
- source impedance
- speaker impedance
- specific acoustic impedance
- spurious impedance
- superconducting-surface impedance
- surface impedance
- surface transfer impedance
- surge impedance
- synchronous impedance
- terminal impedance
- terminating impedance
- thermal impedance
- transfer impedance
- tube impedance
- unit-area acoustic impedance
- vector impedance
- wave impedance
- Zener impedance -
4 impedance
1) полное сопротивление, импеданс•- acoustic impedance
- active impedance of array element
- anode-load impedance
- antenna impedance
- antenna input impedance
- asynchronous impedance
- avalanche impedance
- blocked electrical impedance
- blocked impedance
- blocked mechanical impedance
- branch impedance
- breakdown impedance
- cathode-coating impedance
- cathode-interface impedance
- cathode-interface layer impedance
- cavity impedance
- characteristic impedance
- characteristic wave impedance
- closed impedance
- closed-loop input impedance
- closed-loop output impedance
- common-mode input impedance
- complex impedance
- conjugate impedances
- dc impedance
- differential-input impedance
- driving impedance
- driving-point impedance
- dynamic impedance
- dynamic plate impedance
- electrical impedance
- electrode impedance
- feed-point impedance
- filter characteristic impedance
- free impedance
- free-motional impedance
- free-space characteristic impedance
- gate-to-drain impedance
- gate-to-source impedance
- image impedances
- input antenna impedance
- input impedance
- interaction impedance
- internal input impedance
- internal output impedance
- intrinsic impedance
- isolated impedance of array element
- iterative impedance
- large-signal impedance
- line impedance
- load impedance
- loaded impedance
- loop impedance
- loudspeaker impedance
- low-signal impedance
- lumped impedance
- magnetic impedance
- matched impedance
- matching impedance
- mechanical impedance
- mesh impedance
- modal impedance
- motional impedance
- mutual impedance
- negative impedance
- nominal impedance
- normal impedance
- normalized impedance
- off impedance
- on impedance
- open-circuit forward-transfer impedance
- open-circuit impedance
- open-circuit input impedance
- open-circuit output impedance
- open-circuit reverse-transfer impedance
- opened impedance
- open-loop output impedance
- parasitic impedance
- plate impedance
- plate-load impedance
- plate-to-plate impedance
- radiation impedance
- reciprocal impedance
- reduced impedance
- reflected impedance
- rejector impedance
- resistive impedance - short-circuit impedance
- short-circuit input impedance
- single-ended input impedance
- skin impedance
- small-signal impedance
- source impedance
- speaker impedance
- specific acoustic impedance
- spurious impedance
- superconducting-surface impedance
- surface impedance
- surface transfer impedance
- surge impedance
- synchronous impedance
- terminal impedance
- terminating impedance
- thermal impedance
- transfer impedance
- tube impedance
- unit-area acoustic impedance
- vector impedance
- wave impedance
- Zener impedanceThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > impedance
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5 resistance
2) резистор3) стойкость, устойчивость4) бион невосприимчивость•- absolute minimum resistance
- ac resistance
- acoustic resistance
- ac plate resistance
- anode resistance
- antenna resistance
- armature resistance
- back resistance
- ballast resistance
- barrier resistance
- base resistance
- blocked resistance
- bulk resistance
- capacitor series resistance
- cathode-interface resistance
- cathode-interface layer resistance
- channel resistance
- chemical resistance
- closed-loop input resistance
- coil resistance
- cold resistance
- collector resistance
- collector leakage resistance
- collector saturation resistance
- common-mode resistance
- contact resistance
- copper resistance
- corona resistance
- critical resistance
- current-controlled negative resistance
- current-stable negative resistance
- dark resistance
- dc resistance
- dc copper resistance
- dc plate resistance
- differential-input resistance
- differential negative resistance
- diffusion resistance
- distributed resistance
- drain resistance
- dynamic resistance
- dynamic plate resistance
- effective resistance
- effective parallel resistance
- effective series resistance
- effective thermal resistance
- end resistance
- equivalent resistance
- equivalent differential input resistance
- equivalent noise resistance
- equivalent series resistance
- filament resistance
- flame resistance
- forward resistance
- gate resistance
- Hall resistance
- heat resistance
- heterojunction resistance
- high-frequency resistance
- hot resistance
- humidity resistance
- igniter-leakage resistance
- incremental resistance
- induced resistance
- input resistance
- insertion resistance
- insulation resistance
- interfacial resistance
- internal resistance
- junction resistance
- Koch resistance
- large-signal resistance
- lateral resistance
- lead resistance
- leakage resistance
- light resistance
- linear resistance
- line loop resistance
- load resistance
- longitudinal resistance
- loop resistance
- lumped resistance
- mesh resistance
- moisture resistance
- motional resistance
- mutual resistance
- negative resistance
- nonlinear resistance
- normal surface resistance
- N-type negative resistance
- ohmic resistance
- open-circuit stable negative resistance
- open-loop output resistance
- output resistance
- overall resistance
- quantized resistance
- quantum resistance
- parasitic resistance
- pure resistance
- radiation resistance
- real resistance
- reduced resistance
- reflected resistance
- residual resistance
- resonant resistance
- reverse resistance
- RF resistance
- saturation resistance
- series resistance
- sheet resistance
- short-circuit-stable negative resistance
- shunt resistance
- small-signal resistance
- source resistance
- specific resistance
- specific acoustic resistance
- spreading resistance
- standard resistance
- static resistance
- S-type negative resistance
- surface resistance
- surface insulation resistance
- swamp resistance
- swamping resistance
- tank resistance
- terminal resistance
- terminating resistance
- thermal resistance
- transistor input resistance
- transistor output resistance
- transposition resistance
- tropical resistance
- true resistance
- tube ac resistance
- tunneling resistance
- variable resistance
- voltage-controlled negative-resistance
- voltage-stable negative resistance -
6 resistance
2) резистор3) стойкость, устойчивость4) бион. невосприимчивость•- ac plate resistance
- ac resistance
- acoustic resistance
- anode resistance
- antenna resistance
- armature resistance
- back resistance
- ballast resistance
- barrier resistance
- base resistance
- blocked resistance
- bulk resistance
- capacitor series resistance
- cathode-interface layer resistance
- cathode-interface resistance
- channel resistance
- chemical resistance
- closed-loop input resistance
- coil resistance
- cold resistance
- collector leakage resistance
- collector resistance
- collector saturation resistance
- common-mode resistance
- contact resistance
- copper resistance
- corona resistance
- critical resistance
- current-controlled negative resistance
- current-stable negative resistance
- dark resistance
- dc copper resistance
- dc plate resistance
- dc resistance
- differential negative resistance
- differential-input resistance
- diffusion resistance
- distributed resistance
- drain resistance
- dynamic plate resistance
- dynamic resistance
- effective parallel resistance
- effective resistance
- effective series resistance
- effective thermal resistance
- end resistance
- equivalent differential input resistance
- equivalent noise resistance
- equivalent resistance
- equivalent series resistance
- filament resistance
- flame resistance
- forward resistance
- gate resistance
- Hall resistance
- heat resistance
- heterojunction resistance
- high-frequency resistance
- hot resistance
- humidity resistance
- igniter-leakage resistance
- incremental resistance
- induced resistance
- input resistance
- insertion resistance
- insulation resistance
- interfacial resistance
- internal resistance
- junction resistance
- Koch resistance
- large-signal resistance
- lateral resistance
- lead resistance
- leakage resistance
- light resistance
- line loop resistance
- linear resistance
- load resistance
- longitudinal resistance
- loop resistance
- lumped resistance
- mesh resistance
- moisture resistance
- motional resistance
- mutual resistance
- negative resistance
- nonlinear resistance
- normal surface resistance
- N-type negative resistance
- ohmic resistance
- open-circuit stable negative resistance
- open-loop output resistance
- output resistance
- overall resistance
- parasitic resistance
- pure resistance
- quantized resistance
- quantum resistance
- radiation resistance
- real resistance
- reduced resistance
- reflected resistance
- residual resistance
- resistance of ground path
- resonant resistance
- reverse resistance
- RF resistance
- saturation resistance
- series resistance
- sheet resistance
- short-circuit-stable negative resistance
- shunt resistance
- small-signal resistance
- source resistance
- specific acoustic resistance
- specific resistance
- spreading resistance
- standard resistance
- static resistance
- S-type negative resistance
- surface insulation resistance
- surface resistance
- swamp resistance
- swamping resistance
- tank resistance
- terminal resistance
- terminating resistance
- thermal resistance
- transistor input resistance
- transistor output resistance
- transposition resistance
- tropical resistance
- true resistance
- tube ac resistance
- tunneling resistance
- variable resistance
- voltage-controlled negative resistance
- voltage-stable negative resistanceThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > resistance
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7 Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Thury-Harcourt, Caen, Franced. 9 May 1914 Antibes, France[br]French metallurigst, inventor of the process of aluminium reduction by electrolysis.[br]Paul Héroult, the son of a tanner, at the age of 16, while still at school in Caen, read Deville's book on aluminium and became obsessed with the idea of developing a cheap way of producing this metal. After his family moved to Gentillysur-Bièvre he studied at the Ecole Sainte-Barbe in Paris and then returned to Caen to work in the laboratory of his father's tannery. His first patent, filed in February and granted on 23 April 1886, described an invention almost identical to that of C.M. Hall: "the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite into which the current is introduced through suitable electrodes. The cryolite is not consumed." Early in 1887 Héroult attempted to obtain the support of Alfred Rangod Pechiney, the proprietor of the works at Salindres where Deville's process for making sodium-reduced aluminium was still being operated. Pechiney persuaded Héroult to modify his electrolytic process by using a cathode of molten copper, thus making it possible produce aluminium bronze rather than pure aluminium. Héroult then approached the Swiss firm J.G.Nehe Söhne, ironmasters, whose works at the Falls of Schaffhausen obtained power from the Rhine. They were looking for a new metallurgical process requiring large quantities of cheap hydroelectric power and Héroult's process seemed suitable. In 1887 they established the Société Metallurgique Suisse to test Héroult's process. Héroult became Technical Director and went to the USA to defend his patents against those of Hall. During his absence the Schaffhausen trials were successfully completed, and on 18 November 1888 the Société Metallurgique combined with the German AEG group, Oerlikon and Escher Wyss, to establish the Aluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen. In the early electrolytic baths it was occasionally found that arcs between the bath surface and electrode could develop if the electrodes were inadvertently raised. From this observation, Héroult and M.Killiani developed the electric arc furnace. In this, arcs were intentionally formed between the surface of the charge and several electrodes, each connected to a different pole of the AC supply. This furnace, the prototype of the modern electric steel furnace, was first used for the direct reduction of iron ore at La Praz in 1903. This work was undertaken for the Canadian Government, for whom Héroult subsequently designed a 5,000-amp single-phase furnace which was installed and tested at Sault-Sainte-Marie in Ontario and successfully used for smelting magnetite ore.[br]Further ReadingAluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen, 1938, The History of the Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft Neuhausen 1888–1938, 2 vols, Neuhausen.C.J.Gignoux, Histoire d'une entreprise française. "The Hall-Héroult affair", 1961, Metal Bulletin (14 April):1–4.ASDBiographical history of technology > Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
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8 film
1) плёнка || наносить плёнку2) киноплёнка; фотоплёнка3) фильм || производить киносъёмку; снимать кинофильм4) pl кинематография; киноиндустрия; кинематографическая продукция5) заниматься кинематографией; работать в кинематографической сфере6) экранизировать (напр. литературное произведение)•- alloy film
- amorphous film
- annealed film
- anodic film
- anodized film
- art film
- as-grown film
- Beilby film
- biaxial magnetic film
- blanket film
- bubble film
- capped garnet film
- cathode film
- cermet film
- composite film
- continuous film
- coupled films
- dielectric film
- epitaxial film
- evaporated film
- exchange-coupled films
- exposed film
- feature film
- fine-grain film
- garnet film
- giant-magnetoresistance film
- GMR film
- granular film
- heteroepitaxial film
- holographic film
- homoepitaxial film
- infrared film
- insulating film
- ion-implanted film
- isoepitaxial film
- kapton film
- Langmuir film
- large-grain film
- LC film
- lenticular film - liquid-crystal film
- magnetic film
- magnetic-bubble film
- magnetostatically coupled films
- magnetron-sputtered film
- medium-grain film
- metal-insulator-metal film
- metal film
- metallic film
- metallized film
- monolayer film
- monomolecular film
- multilayer film
- mylar film
- nonannealed film
- normal film
- organic film
- passivating film
- patterned film
- photochromic film
- photopolymer film
- photoresist film
- piezoelectric film
- plasma-anodized film
- Polaroid film
- polymer compensator film
- resist film
- RF sputtered film
- semiconducting film
- semiconductor film
- serrated magnetic film
- short film
- single-crystal film
- single-oxide film
- size-quantized film
- small-grain film
- snuff film
- solid photoresist film
- sound film
- spacer film
- spin-valve film
- sputtered film
- stacking film
- submonolayer film
- superconducting film
- surface film
- thick film
- thin film
- ultra thin film
- uniaxial film
- vacuum-evaporated film
- vapor-deposited film
- very thin film
- vesicular film
- video film
- X-ray film
- yttrium-iron garnet film -
9 film
1) плёнка || наносить плёнку2) киноплёнка; фотоплёнка3) фильм || производить киносъёмку; снимать кинофильм4) pl. кинематография; киноиндустрия; кинематографическая продукция5) заниматься кинематографией; работать в кинематографической сфере6) экранизировать (напр. литературное произведение)•- alloy film
- amorphous film
- annealed film
- anodic film
- anodized film
- art film
- as-grown film
- Beilby film
- biaxial magnetic film
- blanket film
- bubble film
- capped garnet film
- cathode film
- cermet film
- composite film
- continuous film
- coupled films
- dielectric film
- epitaxial film
- evaporated film
- exchange-coupled films
- exposed film
- feature film
- fine-grain film
- garnet film
- giant-magnetoresistance film
- GMR film
- granular film
- heteroepitaxial film
- holographic film
- homoepitaxial film
- infrared film
- insulating film
- ion-implanted film
- isoepitaxial film
- kapton film
- Langmuir film
- large-grain film
- LC film
- lenticular film
- light-emitting film
- light-guiding film
- liquid-crystal film
- magnetic film
- magnetic-bubble film
- magnetostatically coupled films
- magnetron-sputtered film
- medium-grain film
- metal film
- metal-insulator-metal film
- metallic film
- metallized film
- monolayer film
- monomolecular film
- multilayer film
- mylar film
- nonannealed film
- normal film
- organic film
- passivating film
- patterned film
- photochromic film
- photopolymer film
- photoresist film
- piezoelectric film
- plasma-anodized film
- Polaroid film
- polymer compensator film
- resist film
- RF sputtered film
- semiconducting film
- semiconductor film
- serrated magnetic film
- short film
- single-crystal film
- single-oxide film
- size-quantized film
- small-grain film
- snuff film
- solid photoresist film
- sound film
- spacer film
- spin-valve film
- sputtered film
- stacking film
- submonolayer film
- superconducting film
- surface film
- thick film
- thin film
- ultra thin film
- uniaxial film
- vacuum-evaporated film
- vapor-deposited film
- very thin film
- vesicular film
- video film
- X-ray film
- yttrium-iron garnet filmThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > film
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