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81 лаборант
проф. laboratory assistant
Ист. Occupations/Professions Glossary (глоссарий профессий), U.S. EmbassyДополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > лаборант
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82 лаборант
departmental/laboratory assistantРусско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > лаборант
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83 лаборант
м.laboratory assistant, laboratorian -
84 рентгенолаборант
м.X-ray laboratory assistant, radiographer, roentgenographer, X-ray [radiological] technicianБольшой русско-английский медицинский словарь > рентгенолаборант
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85 лаборант
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86 лаборантка
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87 препаратор
м.laboratory assistant, demonstrator -
88 препаратор
anatomist имя существительное: -
89 препаратор
м. laboratory assistant -
90 Blanquart-Evrard, Louis-Désiré
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 2 August 1802 Lille, Franced. 28 April 1872 Lille, France[br]French photographer, photographic innovator and entrepreneur.[br]After beginning his working life in a tobacco company, Blanquart-Evrard became Laboratory Assistant to a chemist. He also became interested in painting on ivory and porcelain, foreshadowing a life-long interest in science and art. Following his marriage to the daughter of a textile merchant, Blanquart-Evrard became a partner in the family business in Lyon. During the 1840s he became interested in Talbot's calotype process and found that by applying gallic acid alone, as a developing agent after exposure, the exposure time could be shorter and the resulting image clearer. Blanquart-Evrard recognized that his process was well suited to producing positive prints in large numbers. During 1851 and 1852, in association with an artist friend, he became involved in producing quantities of prints for book illustrations. In 1849 he had announced a glass negative process similar to that devised two years earlier by Niepcc de St Victor. The carrying agent for silver salts was albumen, and more far-reaching was his albumen-coated printing-out paper announced in 1850. Albumen printing paper was widely adopted and the vast majority of photographs made in the nineteenth century were printed in this form. In 1870 Blanquart-Evrard began an association with the pioneer colour photographer Ducos du Hauron with a view to opening a three-colour printing establishment. Unfortunately plans were delayed by the Franco-Prussian War, and Blanquart-Evrard died in 1872 before the project could be brought to fruition.[br]Bibliography1851, Traité de photographie sur papier, Paris (provides details of his improvements to Talbot's process).Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstein, New York.JWBiographical history of technology > Blanquart-Evrard, Louis-Désiré
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91 Moissan, Ferdinand-Frédéric-Henri
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 28 September 1852 Paris, Franced. 20 February 1907 Paris, France[br]French chemist, the first to isolate fluorine, and a pioneer in high-temperature technology.[br]His family, of modest means, moved in 1864 to Meaux, where he attended the municipal college; he returned to Paris before completing his education and apprenticed himself to a pharmacist. In 1872 he began work as a laboratory assistant at the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle, while continuing studies in chemistry. He qualified as a pharmacist at the Ecole Supérieure de Pharmacie in 1879, and by this time he had decided that his main interest was inorganic chemistry. His early investigations concerned the oxides of iron and related metals; his work attracted the favourable attention of Sainte-Claire Deville and was the subject of his doctoral thesis. In 1882 Moissan married Leonie Lugan, whose father provided generous financial support, enabling him to pursue his researches with greater freedom and security. He became, successively, Professor of Toxicology at the Ecole in 1886 and of Inorganic Chemistry in 1899. In 1884 Moissan began both his investigation of the compounds of fluorine and his attempts to isolate the highly reactive element itself. Previous attempts by chemists had ended in failure and sometimes injury. Moissan's health, too, was affected, but in June 1886 he succeeded in isolating fluorine by electrolysing potassium fluoride in hydrogen fluoride at −50°C (−58°F) in platinum apparatus. He was then able to prepare further compounds of fluorine, some of technological importance, such as carbon tetrafluoride. At the same time, Moissan turned his attention to the making of artificial diamonds. To achieve this, he devised his celebrated electric-arc furnace; this was first demonstrated in December 1892 and consisted of two lime blocks placed one above the other, with a cavity for a crucible and two grooves for carbon electrodes, and could attain a temperature of 3,500°C (6,332°F). It seemed at first that he had succeeded in making diamonds, but this attempt is now regarded as a failure. Nevertheless, with the aid of his furnace he was able to produce and study many substances of technological importance, including refractory oxides, borides and carbides, and such metals as manganese, chromium, uranium, tungsten, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium and zirconium; many of these materials had useful applications in the chemical and metallurgical industries (e.g. calcium carbide became the main source of acetylene).[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize in Chemistry 1906.BibliographyThere are several listings of his more than 300 publications, such as Lebeau, cited below. Major works are Le Four électrique (1897, Paris) and Le Fluor et ses composés (1900, Paris).Further ReadingCentenaire de l'Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de l'Université de Paris 1803–1903,1904, Paris, pp. 249–57.B.Harrow, 1927, Eminent Chemists of Our Time, 2nd edn, New York, pp. 135–54, 374– 88.P.Lebeau, 1908, "Notice sur la vie et les travaux de Henri Moissan", Bulletin Soc. chim. de France (4 ser.) 3:i–xxxviii.LRDBiographical history of technology > Moissan, Ferdinand-Frédéric-Henri
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92 Planté, Raimond Louis Gaston
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 22 April 1834 Orthez, Franced. 21 May 1889 Paris, France[br]French physicist and inventor of a secondary electric cell from which was developed the widely used lead-acid storage battery.[br]After a scientific training at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, Planté obtained an appointment as a Laboratory Assistant to Becquerel. Later, when he was employed as a chemist in the Parisian electroplating firm of Christofle et Cie, he carried out investigations into polarization in electrical cells, which led to his discovery of the lead-acid accumulator in 1859. This cell, with lead plates in an electrolyte of dilute sulphuric acid, had the characteristics of a storage device for electrical energy. Its performance was improved considerably if it was repeatedly charged and discharged, the active material being formed electrochemically from the lead of the plate itself. At the time of its discovery the Planté cell had little practical application and it was not until satisfactory dynamos were introduced that its commercial exploitation was possible. The cell was improved by Faure and later by Swan and others. The lead-acid cell became considerably important in the early days of electricity supply and later for electric traction and automobile use. The results of Planté's researches were communicated to the Academy of Sciences and published in various scientific periodicals. He devoted the last few years of his life to the study of atmospheric electricity.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1881. Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale Médaille d'Ampère.Bibliography1860, "Nouvelle Pile secondaire d'une grande puissance", Comptes rendus 50:640–2. See Recherches sur l'électricité, Paris, 1879.Further ReadingG.Wood Vinal, 1955, Storage Batteries, 4th edn, London (describes developments subsequent to Planté's work).E.W.Wade, 1902, Secondary Batteries, London.GWBiographical history of technology > Planté, Raimond Louis Gaston
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93 laborant
,-tı laboratory assistant. -
94 Hiwi
m; -s, -s; umg.1. UNIV. assistant* * *Hi|wi ['hiːvi]m -s, -s1)See:* * *Hi·wi<-s, -s>[ˈhi:vi]m (sl) assistant* * *der; Hiwis, Hiwis laboratory or (coll.) lab/departmental/library assistant* * *1. UNIV assistant* * *der; Hiwis, Hiwis laboratory or (coll.) lab/departmental/library assistant -
95 conservador
adj.1 conservative, discreet, moderate, restrained.2 conservative, orthodox, rightist, right-wing.3 Conservative.m.1 conservative, praetorian, rightist, right-winger.2 preservative, preserver.3 Conservative.4 curator.* * *► adjetivo1 PLÍTICA conservative► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 PLÍTICA conservative2 (de museos) curator* * *1. (f. - conservadora)noun1) conservative2) curator2. (f. - conservadora)adj.* * *conservador, -a1. ADJ1) (Pol) conservative, Tory2) (Culin) preservative2. SM / F1) (Pol) conservative, Tory2) [de museo] curator, keeper* * *I- dora adjetivo conservativeII- dora masculino, femeninoa) (Pol) conservativeb) ( de museo) curator* * *= conservative, conservator, curator, custodian, standpatter, preserver, ingrown, old-fashioned, backward-looking, keeper, custodial, Luddite, laggard, conservationist, conservative, illiberal, risk-averse, tweedy [tweedier -comp., tweediest -sup.], safekeeper [sake-keeper], dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.], straitlaced [strait-laced].Ex. There is a tendency to advance propositions premised upon the assumption that SLIS are staffed by inherently conservative, where they are not simply obtuse, individuals.Ex. The benefits of an on-site conservation laboratory and conservator are underlined.Ex. In her previous vocation she served as curator of History at the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences and later as Assistant to the Director of Johns Hopkins University, Institute of History and Medicine.Ex. This article maintains that archivists as custodians of the records have an ethical obligation to support the freest possible access to public records.Ex. The 'standpatters' have seen power shift away from themselves to the newcomers and other lifelong 'progressive' Junctionvillers, who were muted under previous administrations.Ex. He also lumps himself and librarians together as 'devoted and in some instances veteran pursuers, preservers, and disseminators of truth'.Ex. Book clubs need not be enclosed, much less ingrown = Los clubs de lectores no deben ser cerrados y mucho menos conservadores.Ex. One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex. The book is essentially backward-looking rather than forward-looking in content.Ex. Vervliet's involvement with books began with his appointment in 1949 as keeper at the Plantin Moretus Museum in Antwerp, where he acquired a wide knowledge of the history of printing in the Low Countries.Ex. Broadly, one can distinguish, then, between what one might call the ' custodial' or 'warehouse' aspects of the librarian's task, and the 'communications' aspect.Ex. Librarians who have reservations about the spread of electronically based services are not Luddites.Ex. Individuals are distributed along a normal bell-shaped curve, with the majority in the large center and innovators and laggards a the the two extremes.Ex. The present conservationist approach to librarianship reflects Victorian priorities.Ex. He ends his book with a discussion of the politicizing effects of the actions of conservatives and loyalists at the end of the century.Ex. It is argued that Israel, in spite of its free elections, is an illiberal democracy.Ex. This is typical of the old corporate forms of hierarchy-based processes and of the ' risk-averse systems that crush new ideas'.Ex. No bright new digital firm can do without at least some of the supposedly decrepit bureaucracy it so abhors in the old tweedy institutions it wants to replace.Ex. Libraries find themselves frustrated in their role as safekeepers of science: how can they ensure optimal access and availability if they do not control the access systems?.Ex. This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.Ex. Three years later, when he was fifteen, he slipped into Rachel's bedroom and her straitlaced mother caught them petting and giggling on the side of the bed.----* conservador de documentos = records custodian.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* de un modo conservador = conservatively.* neoconservador = neoconservative [neo-conservative], neoconservative [neo-conservative].* partido conservador = conservative party.* * *I- dora adjetivo conservativeII- dora masculino, femeninoa) (Pol) conservativeb) ( de museo) curator* * *= conservative, conservator, curator, custodian, standpatter, preserver, ingrown, old-fashioned, backward-looking, keeper, custodial, Luddite, laggard, conservationist, conservative, illiberal, risk-averse, tweedy [tweedier -comp., tweediest -sup.], safekeeper [sake-keeper], dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.], straitlaced [strait-laced].Ex: There is a tendency to advance propositions premised upon the assumption that SLIS are staffed by inherently conservative, where they are not simply obtuse, individuals.
Ex: The benefits of an on-site conservation laboratory and conservator are underlined.Ex: In her previous vocation she served as curator of History at the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences and later as Assistant to the Director of Johns Hopkins University, Institute of History and Medicine.Ex: This article maintains that archivists as custodians of the records have an ethical obligation to support the freest possible access to public records.Ex: The 'standpatters' have seen power shift away from themselves to the newcomers and other lifelong 'progressive' Junctionvillers, who were muted under previous administrations.Ex: He also lumps himself and librarians together as 'devoted and in some instances veteran pursuers, preservers, and disseminators of truth'.Ex: Book clubs need not be enclosed, much less ingrown = Los clubs de lectores no deben ser cerrados y mucho menos conservadores.Ex: One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.Ex: The book is essentially backward-looking rather than forward-looking in content.Ex: Vervliet's involvement with books began with his appointment in 1949 as keeper at the Plantin Moretus Museum in Antwerp, where he acquired a wide knowledge of the history of printing in the Low Countries.Ex: Broadly, one can distinguish, then, between what one might call the ' custodial' or 'warehouse' aspects of the librarian's task, and the 'communications' aspect.Ex: Librarians who have reservations about the spread of electronically based services are not Luddites.Ex: Individuals are distributed along a normal bell-shaped curve, with the majority in the large center and innovators and laggards a the the two extremes.Ex: The present conservationist approach to librarianship reflects Victorian priorities.Ex: He ends his book with a discussion of the politicizing effects of the actions of conservatives and loyalists at the end of the century.Ex: It is argued that Israel, in spite of its free elections, is an illiberal democracy.Ex: This is typical of the old corporate forms of hierarchy-based processes and of the ' risk-averse systems that crush new ideas'.Ex: No bright new digital firm can do without at least some of the supposedly decrepit bureaucracy it so abhors in the old tweedy institutions it wants to replace.Ex: Libraries find themselves frustrated in their role as safekeepers of science: how can they ensure optimal access and availability if they do not control the access systems?.Ex: This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.Ex: Three years later, when he was fifteen, he slipped into Rachel's bedroom and her straitlaced mother caught them petting and giggling on the side of the bed.* conservador de documentos = records custodian.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* de un modo conservador = conservatively.* neoconservador = neoconservative [neo-conservative], neoconservative [neo-conservative].* partido conservador = conservative party.* * *1 ( Pol) ‹partido/gobierno› conservative2 (tradicional) ‹persona/ideas› conservativees muy conservador en sus gustos he's very conservative in his tastesmasculine, feminine1 ( Pol) conservative2 (de un museo) curator3* * *
conservador◊ - dora adjetivo
conservative
■ sustantivo masculino, femeninoa) (Pol) conservative
conservador,-ora
I adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino conservative
Pol Conservative
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 Pol Conservative
2 (de un museo, una biblioteca) curator
' conservador' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barrer
- bloque
- conservadora
- europeísta
English:
conservative
- keeper
- seat
- Tory
- wet
- Conservative
- curator
- custodian
- round
* * *conservador, -ora♦ adj1. [tradicionalista] conservative;es un entrenador muy conservador he's a very conservative manager2. [del partido conservador] Conservative♦ nm,f1. [tradicionalista] conservative2. [miembro del partido conservador] Conservative3. [de museo] curator;[de biblioteca] librarian; [de parque natural] keeper* * *I adj conservativeII m, conservadora f1 de museo curator2 POL conservative* * *conservador, - dora adj & n: conservativeconservador nm: preservative* * *conservador adj n conservative -
96 ассистент
1. assistant professorассистент, младший преподаватель — assistant lecturer
2. assistent3. assister4. assistor5. asst6. assistant7. laboratory -
97 лаборант
assayerassistant engineerassistant engineerslaboratory technicianlaboratory technicianstester -
98 Laborausstattung
Laborausstattung, Laboreinrichtung
laboratory equipment;
• Laborbefund reaction on laboratory test;
• Laborgehilfe lab assistant;
• Labortätigkeit laboratory work;
• Labortechniker lab technician, analyst. -
99 Laboreinrichtung
Laborausstattung, Laboreinrichtung
laboratory equipment;
• Laborbefund reaction on laboratory test;
• Laborgehilfe lab assistant;
• Labortätigkeit laboratory work;
• Labortechniker lab technician, analyst. -
100 Poulsen, Valdemar
[br]b. 23 November 1869 Copenhagen, Denmarkd. 23 July 1942 Gentofte, Denmark[br]Danish engineer who developed practical magnetic recording and the arc generator for continuous radio waves.[br]From an early age he was absorbed by phenomena of physics to the exclusion of all other subjects, including mathematics. When choosing his subjects for the final three years in Borgedydskolen in Christianshavn (Copenhagen) before university, he opted for languages and history. At the University of Copenhagen he embarked on the study of medicine in 1889, but broke it off and was apprenticed to the machine firm of A/S Frichs Eftf. in Aarhus. He was employed between 1893 and 1899 as a mechanic and assistant in the laboratory of the Copenhagen Telephone Company KTAS. Eventually he advanced to be Head of the line fault department. This suited his desire for experiment and measurement perfectly. After the invention of the telegraphone in 1898, he left the laboratory and with responsible business people he created Aktieselskabet Telegrafonen, Patent Poulsen in order to develop it further, together with Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874– 1941). Pedersen brought with him the mathematical background which eventually led to his professorship in electronic engineering in 1922.The telegraphone was the basis for multinational industrial endeavours after it was demonstrated at the 1900 World's Exhibition in Paris. It must be said that its strength was also its weakness, because the telegraphone was unique in bringing sound recording and reproduction to the telephone field, but the lack of electronic amplifiers delayed its use outside this and the dictation fields (where headphones could be used) until the 1920s. However, commercial interest was great enough to provoke a number of court cases concerning patent infringement, in which Poulsen frequently figured as a witness.In 1903–4 Poulsen and Pedersen developed the arc generator for continuous radio waves which was used worldwide for radio transmitters in competition with Marconi's spark-generating system. The inspiration for this work came from the research by William Duddell on the musical arc. Whereas Duddell had proposed the use of the oscillations generated in his electric arc for telegraphy in his 1901 UK patent, Poulsen contributed a chamber of hydrogen and a transverse magnetic field which increased the efficiency remarkably. He filed patent applications on these constructions from 1902 and the first publication in a scientific forum took place at the International Electrical Congress in St Louis, Missouri, in 1904.In order to use continuous waves efficiently (the high frequency constituted a carrier), Poulsen developed both a modulator for telegraphy and a detector for the carrier wave. The modulator was such that even the more primitive spark-communication receivers could be used. Later Poulsen and Pedersen developed frequency-shift keying.The Amalgamated Radio-Telegraph Company Ltd was launched in London in 1906, combining the developments of Poulsen and those of De Forest Wireless Telegraph Syndicate. Poulsen contributed his English and American patents. When this company was liquidated in 1908, its assets were taken over by Det Kontinentale Syndikat for Poulsen Radio Telegrafi, A/S in Copenhagen (liquidated 1930–1). Some of the patents had been sold to C.Lorenz AG in Berlin, which was very active.The arc transmitting system was in use worldwide from about 1910 to 1925, and the power increased from 12 kW to 1,000 kW. In 1921 an exceptional transmitter rated at 1,800 kW was erected on Java for communications with the Netherlands. More than one thousand installations had been in use worldwide. The competing systems were initially spark transmitters (Marconi) and later rotary converters ( Westinghouse). Similar power was available from valve transmitters only much later.From c. 1912 Poulsen did not contribute actively to further development. He led a life as a well-respected engineer and scientist and served on several committees. He had his private laboratory and made experiments in the composition of matter and certain resonance phenomena; however, nothing was published. It has recently been suggested that Poulsen could not have been unaware of Oberlin Smith's work and publication in 1888, but his extreme honesty in technical matters indicates that his development was indeed independent. In the case of the arc generator, Poulsen was always extremely frank about the inspiration he gained from earlier developers' work.[br]Bibliography1899, British patent no. 8,961 (the first British telegraphone patent). 1903, British patent no. 15,599 (the first British arc-genera tor patent).His scientific publications are few, but fundamental accounts of his contribution are: 1900, "Das Telegraphon", Ann. d. Physik 3:754–60; 1904, "System for producing continuous oscillations", Trans. Int. El. Congr. St. Louis, Vol. II, pp. 963–71.Further ReadingA.Larsen, 1950, Telegrafonen og den Traadløse, Ingeniørvidenskabelige Skrifter no. 2, Copenhagen (provides a very complete, although somewhat confusing, account of Poulsen's contributions; a list of his patents is given on pp. 285–93).F.K.Engel, 1990, Documents on the Invention of Magnetic Re cor ding in 1878, New York: Audio Engineering Society, reprint no. 2,914 (G2) (it is here that doubt is expressed about whether Poulsen's ideas were developed independently).GB-N
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