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lēgātiō

  • 1 legatio

    lēgātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. lego], the sending of an ambassador; hence, the office of an ambassador, an embassy, legation.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    cum legatione in provinciam esset profectus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 9:

    legationem obire,

    id. Ac. 2, 2, 5:

    is sibi legationem ad civitates suscepit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

    legationis officium conficere,

    id. B. C. 3, 103:

    in legationem proficisci,

    Liv. 21, 63:

    in legatione esse,

    Quint. 7, 1, 50:

    legatio male gesta,

    id. 4, 4, 5:

    munus legationis recusare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 33: legationem renuntiare, to make a report or give an account of one's embassy, Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 4; 23, 6; 35, 32; 36, 35; 39, 33; Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 20 al.;

    v. renuntio, I. B.: legationem ementiri,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 7:

    a Treveris Germanos crebris legationibus sollicitari,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

    per legationes petere foedus,

    Tac. A. 2, 45.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Libera legatio, a free legation, i. e. permission granted to a senator to visit one or more provinces on his private affairs in the character of an ambassador, but without performing the duties of one (such an embassy was called free, because while it lasted the holder of it was at liberty to come to the city of Rome and leave it again without resigning his office):

    negotiorum suorum causa legatus est in Africam legatione libera,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 21:

    habent opinor liberae legationes definitum tempus lege Julia,

    id. Att. 15, 11;

    called simply legatio,

    id. Leg. 3, 8, 18; id. Fl. 34:

    qui libera legatione abest, non videtur rei publicae causa abesse: hic enim non publici causa, sed sui abest,

    Dig. 50, 7, 14.—
    2.
    Legatio votiva, a free embassy assumed for the purpose (often a mere pretext) of paying a vow in a province, Cic. Att. 4, 2 fin.; 15, 8; 15, 11.—
    3.
    The charge of a legatus Augusti (v. legatus, B. 2.), Tac. Agr. 9; v. Orell. ad h. l.—
    II.
    Transf., the persons attached to an embassy, an embassy, legation:

    communem legationem ad Crassum mittunt,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 8:

    cujus legationis Divico princeps fuit,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    quas legationes Caesar ad se reverti jussit,

    id. ib. 2, 35:

    ab Eumene legatio de victoria gratulatum venit,

    Liv. 45, 13. [p. 1047]

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > legatio

  • 2 lēgātiō

        lēgātiō ōnis, f    [1 lego], the office of ambassador, embassy, legation: cum legatione in provinciam profectus: legationis officium conficere, Cs.: in legationem proficisci, L.: legationem renuntiare, report an embassy: obire: negotiorum suorum causā legatus est in Africam legatione liberā, i. e. with the privileges, without the duties, of an ambassador: legationes sumere liberas: Legatio votiva, a free embassy, undertaken to pay a vow in a province.—A lieutenant-generalship, deputy-command: quā in legatione duxit exercitum: legionis, Ta.— The persons of an embassy, embassy, legation: legationis princeps, Cs.: legationes ad se reverti iussit, Cs.
    * * *
    embassy; member of an embassy; mission

    Latin-English dictionary > lēgātiō

  • 3 legatio

    office of legate / office of ambassador, embassy commander

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > legatio

  • 4 finis

    fīnis, is (abl. regularly fine;

    fini,

    Lucr. 1, 978;

    also fine,

    ib. 976;

    and adverb. fini, ea fini, qua fini,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. mostly ante- and post-class. and poet., and only in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.;

    rarely in class. prose,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. only Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, root bhid-, fid-, v. findo; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a boundary, limit, border, = terminus, horos.
    I.
    Lit.:

    accessit propius et jam ingrediens intra finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    fere ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae,

    Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6:

    Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses,

    Sall. J. 19, 3:

    quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi,

    as far as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5:

    quibus venientibus ad finem legatio Veientium obviam fuit,

    Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.:

    nulla legatio ad finem praesto fuerat,

    id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1:

    haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris,

    id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.:

    vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93:

    nec Mamilia lege singuli, sed ex his tres arbitri fines regemus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. rego, I. B.):

    in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt,

    id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. Fabius Labeo arbiter Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu datus... fines [p. 752] terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.:

    SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 3110:

    fines proferre, propagare,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22:

    inter eos fines, quos feci,

    Liv. 1, 18, 9:

    atque hominum finem Gades Calpenque secutus,

    Sil. 1, 141.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In plur., borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries:

    propere de finibus suis exercitus deducerent,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60:

    per agrum Sequanorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.:

    si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    civitatum fines incolere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    ego his finibus ejectus sum, quos, etc.,

    Sall. J. 14, 8:

    neque flumen neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

    id. ib. 79, 3:

    Multum interest, alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas,

    Liv. 28, 44, 2:

    veteres nullum animal sacrum in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus sacrum esset,

    where these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—
    2.
    Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as far as, a certain point (very rare):

    matresfamiliae de muro pectoris fine prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore nudo); so,

    fine inguinum ingrediuntur mare,

    Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.):

    fine genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae,

    Ov. M. 10, 536:

    per mare umbilici fine ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere nimium ansarum infimarum fini,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis fine a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.
    II.
    Trop., a limit, bound:

    Crassus mihi visus est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis paene, describere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.:

    certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, extra quos egredi non possim,

    id. Quint. 10, 35:

    finem et modum transire,

    to go beyond all bounds and measure, id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.:

    transcendere fines Juris,

    Lucr. 3, 60:

    modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 106:

    intra Naturae fines vivere,

    id. ib. 50:

    (dixit) mulierem quinque pueros enixam... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis,

    Gell. 10, 2, 1:

    consulta, quibus sedecim stipendiorum finem expresserant,

    term, limit, Tac. A. 1, 78:

    his finibus luxuriam coercere,

    Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-point in a race:

    Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels),

    Verg. A. 5, 139.—
    B.
    Transf., like telos.
    1.
    An end:

    in hoc (aequo judicio) uno denique falsae infamiae finis aliquis atque exitus reperiatur,

    Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

    dicendi finem facere,

    id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.:

    si placet, in hunc diem hactenus... finem disputandi facere,

    id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

    scribendi,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    maledictis,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 34:

    injuriis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1:

    vitae finem afferre alicui,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

    quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est,

    id. Rep. 6, 25:

    finem judiciariae controversiae constituere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

    oratio lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc.,

    as far as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

    ludus repertus, et longorum operum finis,

    Hor. A. P. 406:

    imperium sine fine,

    everlasting, Verg. A. 1, 279:

    pigetque actorum sine fine mihi,

    Ov. M. 2, 387:

    poscens sine fine oscula,

    id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, until that:

    amor bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    mansit in condicione usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, till when? how long? quamdiu furor iste tuus eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor:

    sed finem fore quem dicam nescio (i. e. sequendi),

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    The end of life, latter end, death (not till after the Aug. per.):

    comperit invidiam supremo fine domari,

    i. e. after death, Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2:

    nec quicquam jam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans,

    Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.:

    septem a Neronis fine menses sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 37:

    Augusti,

    id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39:

    voluntarius,

    id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—
    (β).
    The end, extremity of an ascending series, i. e. the highest point, greatest degree, summit: sentis credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and:

    ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus causa sunt facienda omnia,

    the chief good, id. Leg. 1, 20, 52:

    fines bonorum et malorum,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; hence the title of Cicero's treatise De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. peri telôn; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, with ib. 19, 4:

    honorum populi finis est consulatus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    quemque sperandi sibi, eundem bene dicendi finem proponerent,

    id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

    duodecim tabulae, finis aequi juris,

    Tac. A. 3, 27. —
    (γ).
    An end, purpose, aim, object (but an end subjectively regarded, as an intention, or design, is propositum, consilium, mens, etc.):

    omnes artes habere finem aliquem propositum, ad quem tendunt,

    Quint. 2, 17, 22:

    laudis et gloriae,

    id. 8, 3, 11:

    domus finis est usus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    officium ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere apposite ad persuasionem: finis, persuadere dictione,

    id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6:

    quem finem vel quid summum et ultimum habeat rhetorice,

    id. ib. 38:

    volgaris liberalitas referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52:

    ad finem vitae,

    Quint. 2, 17, 41:

    medicinae,

    id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—
    (δ).
    An intention, design, end in view (very rare; cf. g supra):

    quod ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 64.—
    2.
    In rhet. lang., i. q. finitio and definitio, qs. an explanatory limiting, a definition, explanation (perh. not in Cic., but repeatedly in Quint.):

    dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu fine,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    est frequentissimus finis, rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi,

    id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr.
    3.
    In the later jurid. Lat., a measure, amount:

    placuit, ut fructus hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae,

    Dig. 20, 1, 1:

    finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere,

    ib. 21, 2, 66:

    ad finem peculii legata praestare,

    ib. 49, 17, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finis

  • 5 Liber

    1.
    līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
    I.
    In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

    an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

    ad scribendi licentiam liber,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

    agri immunes ac liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

    integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

    unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

    liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

    not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

    libera lingua,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

    cor liberum,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

    vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6:

    libera verba animi proferre,

    Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

    aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

    id. Brut. 67, 236:

    libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

    liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

    Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

    mandata,

    full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

    fenus,

    unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

    v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

    the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

    locus,

    free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

    lectulus,

    i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

    vestis,

    id. ib. 3, 777:

    libera omnia sibi servare,

    to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

    hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

    est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    liberiores litterae,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

    paulo liberior sententia,

    Quint. 4, 2, 121:

    liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

    id. 7, 2, 14:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 9, 4, 130:

    officia liberiora plenioraque,

    id. 6, 1, 9:

    (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

    freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

    (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

    freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

    liberiore frui caelo,

    freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

    liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

    the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

    liberrime Lolli,

    most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

    indignatio,

    id. Epod. 4, 10.—
    (β).
    Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

    Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

    (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

    id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    ab observando homine perverso liber,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

    id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

    ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

    id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

    id. Att. 15, 16, B:

    libera a ferro crura,

    Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

    animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

    Sall. C. 4.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    animus omni liber curā et angore,

    free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

    animus religione,

    Liv. 2, 36:

    animus cogitationibus aliis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 35:

    mens omnibus vitiis,

    id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

    liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    omni liber metu,

    Liv. 7, 34:

    liber invidia,

    Quint. 12, 11, 7:

    equus carcere,

    Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
    (δ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    liber laborum,

    Hor. A. P. 212:

    fati gens Lydia,

    Verg. A. 10, 154:

    curarum,

    Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

    liberior campi,

    having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
    (ε).
    Liberum est, with subject-clause:

    quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

    it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

    dies eligere certos liberum erat,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

    libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

    Tac. A. 3, 60.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

    also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

    dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

    id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

    quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

    in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

    si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

    id. Top. 2, 10:

    quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

    of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

    liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
    B.
    Free, in a political point of view;

    said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

    ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

    liber populus,

    id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

    (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

    democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

    civitates liberae atque immunes,

    free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

    provinciae civitatesque liberae,

    Suet. Vesp. 8:

    libera ac foederata oppida,

    id. Calig. 3:

    Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

    Juv. 8, 244.—
    C.
    In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

    quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

    Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

    adulescens imprudens et liber,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

    sit adulescentia liberior,

    somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    consuetudo peccandi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

    qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

    animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

    id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    respirare,

    id. Quint. 11, 39:

    constanter et libere (me gessi),

    id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

    consilium dare,

    id. Lael. 13, 44:

    aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

    omnia libere fingimus et impune,

    Quint. 6, 1, 43:

    ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

    Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

    liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

    loqui,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

    fortius liberiusque defendere,

    Quint. 12, 1, 21:

    liberius si Dixero quid,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

    maledicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

    longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

    ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

    freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
    2.
    līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

    but also: liberorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
    I.
    Sing. (post-class. and rare):

    si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

    Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
    A.
    Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    cum conjugibus et liberis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

    eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

    id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

    liberos procreare,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

    suscipere liberos,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

    per liberos te precor,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

    dulces,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    parvuli,

    Quint. 2, 15, 8;

    opp. parentes,

    id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

    non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

    Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

    Gell. 1, 12, 8:

    uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

    liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

    liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

    ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

    habitus sis in liberum loco,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Of sons (opp. daughters):

    procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

    Hyg. Fab. 9.—
    (β).
    Of children in gen. = pueri:

    praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals, young:

    liberis orbas oves,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

    quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
    3.
    Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

    hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

    Liber et alma Ceres,

    Verg. G. 1, 7:

    ex aede Liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

    in a pun with 1. liber,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

    quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

    sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

    Romulus et Liber pater,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    per vestigia Liberi patris,

    Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

    patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

    Col. 3, 21, 3:

    Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

    Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
    B.
    Meton., wine:

    illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

    Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

    Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

    sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

    condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

    id. S. 1, 4, 89.
    4.
    lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    colligatae libris (arundines),

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

    udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

    Verg. G. 2, 77:

    natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

    id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

    quam denso fascia libro,

    Juv. 6, 263.—
    B.
    Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

    antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

    Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

    charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
    B.
    Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

    Demetrii liber de concordia,

    Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

    quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

    id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

    dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    id. de Sen. 15, 54:

    libros pervolutare,

    id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

    evolvere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

    volvere,

    id. Brut. 87, 298:

    legere,

    id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

    edere,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    libri confectio,

    id. de Sen. 1, 1:

    tempus ad libros vacuum,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cujus (Platonis) in libris,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

    in Graecorum libris,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

    librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

    Juv. 3, 41:

    actorum libri,

    the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
    C.
    In partic.
    1.
    A division of a work a look:

    tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

    hi tres libri (de Officiis),

    id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

    sermo in novem libros distributus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

    dictum est in libro superiore,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

    versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

    id. 6, 3, 86:

    liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

    id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

    in T. Livii primo,

    Quint. 9, 2, 37:

    in tertio de Oratore,

    id. 9, 1, 26:

    legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
    2.
    In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

    decemviris adire libros jussis,

    i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

    se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

    ut in libris est Etruscorum,

    id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

    caerimoniarum,

    rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
    D.
    A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
    E.
    A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
    F.
    A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

    liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Liber

  • 6 liber

    1.
    līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).
    I.
    In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

    an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

    ad scribendi licentiam liber,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

    agri immunes ac liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

    integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

    unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

    liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

    not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

    libera lingua,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

    cor liberum,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

    vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6:

    libera verba animi proferre,

    Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

    aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

    id. Brut. 67, 236:

    libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

    id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

    tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

    id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

    liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

    Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

    mandata,

    full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

    fenus,

    unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

    v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

    the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

    locus,

    free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

    lectulus,

    i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

    vestis,

    id. ib. 3, 777:

    libera omnia sibi servare,

    to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

    hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

    est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    liberiores litterae,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

    amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

    freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

    paulo liberior sententia,

    Quint. 4, 2, 121:

    liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

    id. 7, 2, 14:

    fusiores liberioresque numeri,

    id. 9, 4, 130:

    officia liberiora plenioraque,

    id. 6, 1, 9:

    (flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

    freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

    (Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

    freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

    liberiore frui caelo,

    freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

    liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

    the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

    liberrime Lolli,

    most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

    indignatio,

    id. Epod. 4, 10.—
    (β).
    Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

    Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

    (consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

    id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

    ab observando homine perverso liber,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

    liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

    id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

    ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

    id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

    loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

    id. Att. 15, 16, B:

    libera a ferro crura,

    Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

    animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

    Sall. C. 4.—
    (γ).
    With abl.:

    animus omni liber curā et angore,

    free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

    animus religione,

    Liv. 2, 36:

    animus cogitationibus aliis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 35:

    mens omnibus vitiis,

    id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

    liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

    id. 5, 11, 37:

    omni liber metu,

    Liv. 7, 34:

    liber invidia,

    Quint. 12, 11, 7:

    equus carcere,

    Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—
    (δ).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    liber laborum,

    Hor. A. P. 212:

    fati gens Lydia,

    Verg. A. 10, 154:

    curarum,

    Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

    liberior campi,

    having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—
    (ε).
    Liberum est, with subject-clause:

    quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

    it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

    dies eligere certos liberum erat,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

    libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

    Tac. A. 3, 60.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

    also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

    dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

    id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

    quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

    in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

    si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

    id. Top. 2, 10:

    quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

    of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

    liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

    Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—
    B.
    Free, in a political point of view;

    said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

    ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

    id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

    liber populus,

    id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

    (Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

    democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

    civitates liberae atque immunes,

    free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

    provinciae civitatesque liberae,

    Suet. Vesp. 8:

    libera ac foederata oppida,

    id. Calig. 3:

    Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

    Juv. 8, 244.—
    C.
    In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

    quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

    Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

    adulescens imprudens et liber,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

    sit adulescentia liberior,

    somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

    amores soluti et liberi,

    id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

    consuetudo peccandi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

    qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

    Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

    animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

    id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

    respirare,

    id. Quint. 11, 39:

    constanter et libere (me gessi),

    id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

    consilium dare,

    id. Lael. 13, 44:

    aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

    omnia libere fingimus et impune,

    Quint. 6, 1, 43:

    ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

    Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

    liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

    loqui,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

    fortius liberiusque defendere,

    Quint. 12, 1, 21:

    liberius si Dixero quid,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

    maledicere,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

    longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

    ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

    freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.
    2.
    līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

    but also: liberorum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.
    I.
    Sing. (post-class. and rare):

    si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

    Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).
    A.
    Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    cum conjugibus et liberis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

    eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

    id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

    liberos procreare,

    id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

    suscipere liberos,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

    per liberos te precor,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

    dulces,

    id. ib. 2, 40:

    parvuli,

    Quint. 2, 15, 8;

    opp. parentes,

    id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

    non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

    Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

    neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

    Gell. 1, 12, 8:

    uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

    liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

    liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

    ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

    habitus sis in liberum loco,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—
    2.
    Esp.
    (α).
    Of sons (opp. daughters):

    procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

    Hyg. Fab. 9.—
    (β).
    Of children in gen. = pueri:

    praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

    Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—
    B.
    Transf., of animals, young:

    liberis orbas oves,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

    quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.
    3.
    Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

    hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

    Liber et alma Ceres,

    Verg. G. 1, 7:

    ex aede Liberi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

    in a pun with 1. liber,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

    quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

    salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

    sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

    Romulus et Liber pater,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

    per vestigia Liberi patris,

    Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

    patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

    Col. 3, 21, 3:

    Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

    Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—
    B.
    Meton., wine:

    illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

    Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

    Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

    sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

    Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

    condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

    id. S. 1, 4, 89.
    4.
    lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

    colligatae libris (arundines),

    Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

    udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

    Verg. G. 2, 77:

    natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

    id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

    quam denso fascia libro,

    Juv. 6, 263.—
    B.
    Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

    antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

    Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

    charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—
    B.
    Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

    Demetrii liber de concordia,

    Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

    quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

    id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

    dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

    id. de Sen. 15, 54:

    libros pervolutare,

    id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

    evolvere,

    id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

    volvere,

    id. Brut. 87, 298:

    legere,

    id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

    edere,

    id. Fat. 1, 1:

    libri confectio,

    id. de Sen. 1, 1:

    tempus ad libros vacuum,

    id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

    cujus (Platonis) in libris,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

    in Graecorum libris,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

    librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

    Juv. 3, 41:

    actorum libri,

    the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—
    C.
    In partic.
    1.
    A division of a work a look:

    tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

    hi tres libri (de Officiis),

    id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

    sermo in novem libros distributus,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

    dictum est in libro superiore,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

    versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

    id. 6, 3, 86:

    liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

    id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

    in T. Livii primo,

    Quint. 9, 2, 37:

    in tertio de Oratore,

    id. 9, 1, 26:

    legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—
    2.
    In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

    decemviris adire libros jussis,

    i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

    se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

    ut in libris est Etruscorum,

    id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

    caerimoniarum,

    rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—
    D.
    A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—
    E.
    A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—
    F.
    A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

    liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > liber

  • 7 frequēns

        frequēns entis, adj. with comp. and sup.    [FARC-].—Of persons, often, regular, constant, repeated, assiduous: Cum illis unā aderat frequens, T.: erat Romae frequens, much at Rome: Platonis auditor, assiduous: ad signa esse, L.: te audivi: filium frequentiorem prope cum illis quam secum cernebat, L.—Of things, repeated, often, frequent, common, usual: pocula: iambus: familiaritas, N.: frequentior fama, L.: rarus ferri, frequens fustium usus, Ta.— In great numbers, full, crowded, numerous: cives atque socii: frequentior legatio, L.: senatus, S.: senatus frequentior: frequentissimo senatu: frequentes venerunt, Cs.: huc quam frequentissimi conveniunt, Cs.: frequens redemptor cum famulis, i. e. with a throng of attendants, H.: telis frequentibus instare, V.—Of places, filled, full, crowded, populous, much frequented, well stocked: frequentissimum theatrum: nulla (praefectura) totā Italiā frequentior: Numidia, S.: emporium, L.: ludi, H.: tectis urbs, L.: herbis campus, V.: utra pars frequentior vicis esset, L.
    * * *
    frequentis (gen.), frequentior -or -us, frequentissimus -a -um ADJ
    crowded; numerous, full, frequented, populous; repeated, frequent, constant

    Latin-English dictionary > frequēns

  • 8 mors

        mors tis, f    [1 MAR-], death: omnium rerum mors est extremum: mortem obire, die: certae occumbere morti, V.: Mille ovium morti dedit, put to death, H.: morte poenas dedit, S.: inlata per scelus, assassination: dominum Mulcavit usque ad mortem, T.: ad mortem duci: cui legatio ipsa mortis fuisset, brought death: mors suprema, H.: adpropinquante morte: sibi mortem consciscere, commit suicide, Cs.: patiens mortis, mortal, O.: praeclarae mortes sunt imperatoriae: ignotis perierunt mortibus illi, H.: omnīs per mortīs, modes of death, V.— A dead body, corpse: mortem eius (Clodii) lacerari.— The blood shed by murder: ensem multā morte recepit, V.— That which brings death: aderat mors terrorque sociorum lictor Sestius.—Person., Death, daughter of Erebus and Nox, V., C.
    * * *
    death; corpse; annihilation

    Latin-English dictionary > mors

  • 9 pācificātōrius

        pācificātōrius adj.    [pacificator], peace-making, pacificatory: legatio.
    * * *
    pacificatoria, pacificatorium ADJ
    peacemaking, pacific

    Latin-English dictionary > pācificātōrius

  • 10 per-plexus

        per-plexus adj.    with comp, interwoven, entangled, involved, intricate: iter silvae, V.: carmen perplexius, L.—Fig., intricate, unintelligible, ambiguous, obscure, inscrutable: sermones, L.: responsum, L.—As subst n., intricacy, perplexity: quidnam perplexi sua legatio haberet, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > per-plexus

  • 11 rēgius

        rēgius adj.    [rex], of a king, kingly, royal, regal: genere regio natus: potestas: apparatus: exercitus, Cs.: anni, i. e. the reign of the kings (at Rome): a<*>es, i. e. the eagle, O.: genus imperi proximum similitudini regiae, closely resembling royalty: bellum, with a king: regios nutūs tueri, the king's orders: sponsus, H.: virgo, princess, O.: parens, O.: legatio, L.— Plur m. as subst, the king's troops: regii, i. e. regia acies, L.: fama ad regios perlata, the satraps, N.— Like a king, worthy of a king, royal, kingly, magnificent: Regia res est succurrere lapsis, O.: Regia res scelus est, O.: morbus, jaundice (because the patient was to live like a king), H.— Of a palace: atrium, of the castle of Numa, L.
    * * *
    regia, regium ADJ
    royal, of a king, regal

    Latin-English dictionary > rēgius

  • 12 re-nūntiō

        re-nūntiō āvī, ātus, āre,    to bring back word, carry tidings back, report, give notice, declare, announce: quom is certe Renuntiarit, shall have reported a positive promise, T.: illis repudium, T.: quasi non tibi renuntiata sint haec, sic fore, T.: vobis, nihil esse, quod, etc.: renuntiet mihi, Velitne an non, T.—In official life, to report, declare, proclaim, announce: legati ex auctoritate haec Caesari renuntiant, Intellegere se, etc., Cs.: Caesar cognovit Considium, quod non vidisset, pro viso sibi renuntiasse, Cs.: legationem, report upon his mission: haec cum legatio renuntiaretur, L.: hostium numerum.—With two acc, to declare elected, proclaim as chosen, return: Murenam consulem: absentem Valerium consulem, L.: cum esses praetor renuntiatus: sacerdos Climachias renuntiatus est: qui (magistratus) priusquam renuntiarentur, L.—To retract, revoke, recall, refuse, give up, break off, disclaim, renounce, repudiate: hospitium ei: num societas et amicitia eis renuntianda esset, L.: decisionem tutoribus.

    Latin-English dictionary > re-nūntiō

  • 13 taeter (tēter)

        taeter (tēter) tra, trum, adj.    with comp. taetrior and sup. taeterrimus, offensive, repulsive, foul, noisome, shocking, loathsome: belua: odor ex multitu <*>ine cadaverum, Cs.: odor Aproni taeterrimus oris: cruor, V.: Spiritus, H.: loca: mulier taeterrima voltu, Iu.—As subst n., offensiveness: taetri aliquid habere.—Horrid, hideous, repulsive, shameful, disgraceful, base, abominable: tam taeter tyrannus: omni diritate atque inmanitate taeterrimus: quis taetrior hostis huic civitati: in eum taeterrimus: legatio: prodigia, L.: nullum vitium taetrius est, quam avaritia: taeterrimum bellum.

    Latin-English dictionary > taeter (tēter)

  • 14 vōtīvus

        vōtīvus adj.    [votum], of a vow, promised by a vow, given under a vow, votive: ludi: iuvenca, H.: tura, O.: carmina, O.: legatio, i. e. obtained on the pretext of having a vow to fulfil.
    * * *
    votiva, votivum ADJ

    Latin-English dictionary > vōtīvus

  • 15 ablego

    ab-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to send off or away, to remove:

    aliquem foras,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 55; so id. Cas. prol. 62:

    aliquo mihi est hinc ablegandus,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 54:

    pecus a prato,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 47: honestos homines, keep at a distance, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32:

    consilium,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 30: and in the pun, haec legatio a fratris adveutu me ablegat, this embassy sends me away from, i. e. prevents me from being present at, his arrival, id. Att. 2, 18, 3:

    magna pars ablegati,

    Liv. 7, 39.—With sup.:

    pueros venatum,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2.—As a euphemism for in exsilium mittere, to banish, Just. 1, 5; Cod. Th. 16, 5, 57.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ablego

  • 16 circum

    circum [properly acc. from circus = kirkos], adv. and prep., designates either an entire encompassing or surrounding of an object, or a proximity only partially em. bracing or comprehending it, around, about, all around, peri, amphi
    I.
    Adv.
    A.
    Around, round about, all around, etc., perix:

    furcas circum offigito,

    Cato, R. R. 48, 2; Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1;

    Verg A 3, 230: quia (locus) vastis circum saltibus claudebatur,

    Tac. A. 4, 25:

    molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho,

    Verg. E. 3, 45:

    age tu interim Da cito ab Delphio Cantharum circum,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 33:

    quae circum essent opera tueri,

    Caes. B. C 2, 10:

    interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant,

    Verg. A. 10, 118 (i. e. circumcirca fusi:

    nam modo circum adverbium loci est, Serv.): omnem, quae nuno.umida circum Caligat, nu. bem eripiam,

    id. ib. 2, 605; Tib. 1, 3, 77; 1, 5, 11. sed circum tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur, round about under the walls, Verg. G 4, 193. faciundum haras quadratas circum binos pedes, all around, i. e. on every side, two feet, Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 3 Schneid.—
    b.
    Strengthened with undique (in later Latin also sometimes written as one word, circumundique), from everywhere around, around on all sides:

    circum Undique convenere,

    Verg. A. 4, 416; Lucr. 3, 404:

    clausis circum undique portis,

    Stat. S. 2, 5, 13; 5, 1, 155; id. Th. 2, 228:

    oppositu circumundique aliarum aedium,

    Gell. 4, 5, 3; 13, 24, 1; 14, 2, 9;

    so with totus and omnis,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1; Verg. A. 10, 118.—
    B.
    Of an incomplete circuit, esp. of the part that meets the view, lies on the hither side, etc. (v. under II.):

    hostilibus circum litoribus,

    Tac. A. 2, 24:

    aestas... aperto circum pelago peramoena,

    id. ib. 4, 67:

    gentibus innumeris circum infraque relictis,

    Ov. M. 4, 668; Stat. Achill. 1, 56:

    corpus servans circumque supraque vertitur,

    id. Th. 9, 114; Albin. Carm. ap. Maecen. 46.
    II.
    Prep. with acc.
    A.
    Around, abow (implying a complete circuit):

    armillas quattuor facito, quas circum orbem indas,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 4:

    terra circum axem se summā celeritate convertit,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; Quint. 2, 17, 19 Zumpt N. cr.:

    ligato circum collum sudario,

    Suet. Ner. 51:

    terque novas circum felix eat hostia fruges,

    Verg. G. 1, 345:

    at genitor circum caput omne micantes Deposuit radios,

    Ov. M. 2, 40.—
    B.
    As in adv. B., of an incomplete circuit, about, upon, around, near:

    capillus sparsus, promissus, circum caput Rejectus neglegenter,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 49:

    flexo circum cava tempora cornu,

    Ov. M. 7, 313; 10, 116; 11, 159:

    tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum adsunt,

    Verg. A. 8, 285:

    varios hic flumina circum Fundit humus flores,

    on the borders of the rivulets, id. E. 9, 40:

    urgeris turbā circum te stante,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 135; cf. id. C. 2, 16, 33:

    circum renidentes Lares,

    id. Epod. 2, 66; Verg. G. 2, 484; cf. Luc. 2, 557:

    illi indignantes Circum claustra fremunt,

    Verg. A. 1, 56:

    oras et litora circum errantem,

    id. ib. 3, 75.—
    C.
    Circum very freq. expresses, not a relative motion around a given central point, but an absol. circular movement, in which several objects named form separate points of a periphery, in, into, among... around, to... around, etc.:

    te adloquor, Quae circum vicinos vages,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 14: ego Arpini volo esse pridie Cal., deinde circum villulas nostras errare, not round about our villas, but in our villas around, Cic. Att. 8, 9, 3; cf Hor. S. 1, 6, 58:

    tum Naevius pueros circum amicos dimittit,

    to friends around, Cic. Quint. 6, 25; Suet. Ner. 47:

    cum praetorem circum omnia fora sectaretur,

    Cic. Verr 2, 2, 70, § 169:

    Apronius ducebat eos circum civitates,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 26, §

    65: ille circum hospites cursabat,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 19, §

    41: lenonem quondam Lentuli concursare circum tabernas,

    id. Cat. 4, 8, 17:

    dimissis circum municipia litteris,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

    circum oram maritimam misit, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 29, 24, 9:

    legatio sub idem tempus in Asiam et circum insulas missa,

    id. 42, 45, 1; Suet. Aug. 64; id. Caes. 41; id. Calig. 28; 41; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281; id. Ep 1, 1, 49: et te circum omnes alias irata puellas Differet, to or among all the other maidens around, Prop. 1, 4, 21—
    D.
    With the prevailing idea of neighborhood, vicinity, in the environs of, in the vicinity of, at, near:

    circum haec loca commorabor,

    Cic. Att. 3, 17, 2; Pompei ib. 8, 12, C, 1 exercitu in foro et in omnibus templis, quae circum forum sunt, conlocato, Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:

    urbes, quae circum Capuam sunt,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 20:

    cum tot essent circum hastam illam,

    id. Phil. 2, 26, 64 Wernsd. N. cr.:

    non succurrit tibi, quamdiu circum Bactra haereas?

    Curt. 7, 8, 21, Tac. A. 4, 74. —
    E.
    Of persons who surround one (as attendants, friends, etc.); in Gr.peri or amphi tina:

    paucae, quae circum illam essent,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 33; Cic. Att. 9, 9, 4:

    omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat,

    Sall. C. 14, 1; cf. id. ib. 26, 4:

    Hectora circum,

    Verg. A. 6, 166.—Circum pedes for ad pedes, of servants in attendance, is rare, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92;

    v ad, I. D. 3. b.—

    Circum is sometimes placed after its subst.
    ,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Müll., Lucr 1, 937; 4, 220; 6, 427; Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 105; Verg. E. 8, 12; 8, 74; 9, 40; id. A. 1, 32; 2, 515; 2, 564; 3, 75: 6, 166; 6, 329; 9, 440; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 1, 5, 51; Stat. Th. 3, 395.—
    III.
    In composition the m remains unchanged before consonants; before vowels it was, acc. to Prisc. p. 567 P., and Cassiod. p. 2294 ib., written in like manner, but (except before j and v) not pronounced. Yet in the best MSS. we find the orthography circuitio, circuitus, and even circueo together with circumeo; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 736 sq. —Signif.,
    a.
    Acc. to II. A.: circumcido, circumcludo, circumculco, circumfluo, circumfodio, circumfundo, etc.—
    b.
    Acc. to II. B.: circumcolo, circumflecto, circumjaceo, circumicio.—
    c.
    Acc. to II. C.: circumcellio, circumcurso, circumduco, circumfero, circumforaneus.—In many compounds, circum has sometimes one and sometimes another signif., as in circumdo, circumeo, circumsisto, etc.; v. h. vv.—
    With verbs compounded with circum, this preposition is never repeated before the following [p.
    336] object; e. g. circumcursare circum aliquid and similar phrases are not found.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circum

  • 17 consilior

    consĭlĭor, ātus, 1, v. dep. [consilium].
    I.
    To take counsel, to consult (rare but class.):

    consiliandi causā colloqui,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 19:

    difficilis ad consiliandum legatio,

    Cic. Att. 15, 9, 2; Liv. Epit. 125; Hor. C. 3, 3, 17; Tac. H. 2, 53.—
    * II.
    Alicui (prop. to take counsel for one, in one's favor; hence), to impart counsel, to counsel, advise:

    amice,

    Hor. A. P. 196.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > consilior

  • 18 frequens

    frĕquens, entis, adj. [root phrak-, phrassô, to enclose, make close; Lat. farcio, fartilis, etc.; cf. Germ. Berg, Burg], that takes place repeatedly, often, or frequently, often, frequent (class.; syn.: celeber, creber).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Of persons, that is often at a place, or that often does a thing, regular, constant, repeated (syn.:

    assiduus, creber, multus): erat ille Romae frequens, in foro et in ore omnium cottidie versabatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    quibuscum si frequentes sunt,

    id. Off. 2, 13, 46; cf. Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 80.— Comp.:

    quod filium frequentiorem prope cum illis quam secum cernebat,

    Liv. 39, 53, 11:

    Demosthenes frequens fuit Platonis auditor,

    an assiduous hearer, Cic. Or. 4, 45:

    nos autem in hoc genere (orationis) frequentes,

    id. ib. 50, 167:

    sed in utroque frequentiores sunt poëtae,

    id. ib. 60, 202; cf.

    spectator,

    Quint. 10, 5, 19:

    conviva,

    Mart. 9, 98, 10:

    frequentem ad signa esse,

    Liv. 3, 24, 5:

    adesse senatui,

    Tac. A. 4, 55; so with dat.:

    contionibus,

    id. H. 4, 69 fin.:

    secretis,

    id. A. 4, 3:

    in ore frequens posteritatis eris,

    Ov. P. 2, 6, 34:

    frequens te audivi atque affui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 243.— Poet. with inf.:

    hic hominum casus lenire et demere fatis Jura frequens,

    Stat. Th. 7, 706.—
    B.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things, repeated, often, frequent, common, usual:

    mihi frequentem operam dedistis,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7:

    (senectus) caret epulis exstructisque mensis et frequentibus poculis,

    Cic. de Sen. 13, 44:

    frequentiores (lactucae) in cibo,

    Plin. 20, 7, 26, § 68:

    frequentes litterae,

    Suet. Tib. 11:

    edicta,

    id. Ner. 41:

    iambus et trochaeus frequens,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; cf.:

    (verbum igitur) cum apud alios sit etiam frequens, apud alios numquam reperiatur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 39:

    opera (= assidua),

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 7; cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 99: frequentiora latrocinia, Asin. Poll. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 1:

    familiaritas,

    Nep. Att. 19 fin.:

    honores,

    id. Phoc. 1:

    comparationis usus,

    Quint. 8, 6, 14:

    frequentior usus anulorum,

    Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 17; cf.:

    nec fuit alia gemma apud antiquos usu frequentior,

    id. 37, 7, 31, § 106:

    frequentior fama,

    Liv. 2, 32, 3: sententia, held or adopted by many, Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 6:

    frequens apud Graecos adagium,

    Gell. 1, 8, 4; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 37:

    id frequentius est, quam ut exemplis confirmandum sit,

    id. 4, 1, 75; 9, 2, 53:

    esse videatur, jam nimis frequens, octonarium incohat,

    id. 9, 4, 73.— With a subject-clause:

    erat adhuc frequens senatoribus, si quid, etc....loco sententiae promere, = usitatum,

    Tac. A. 2, 33:

    parere ergo exceptionem rei judicatae, frequens est,

    Dig. 44, 2, 6.
    II.
    Transf., of a multitude, assembled in great numbers, full, crowded, numerous:

    videt multos equites Romanos, frequentes praeterea cives atque socios,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 7:

    refert etiam, qui audiant, frequentes an pauci an singuli,

    id. de Or. 3, 55, 211:

    major frequentiorque legatio,

    Liv. 5, 5, 10:

    senatus fuit frequentior quam, etc.... frequentes fuimus, omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

    senatus frequens convenit,

    id. Fam. 10, 12, 3; cf.:

    senatus frequens vocatu Drusi in curiam venit,

    id. de Or. 3, 1, 2; Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 111; cf.

    also: frequentissimo senatu,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99:

    ad frequentiores consultatio dilata,

    Liv. 35, 7, 1:

    legem populi frequentis suffragiis abrogare,

    Cic. Brut. 62, 222:

    mane Germani frequentes ad eum in castra venerunt,

    in great numbers, Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 4; cf.:

    eodem conveniunt undique frequentes,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 6; id. B. C. 1, 13, 1:

    frequenti consessu,

    Suet. Aug. 44:

    convivio frequenti,

    id. Caes. 31; id. Tib. 61:

    frequenti auditorio,

    id. Claud. 41:

    equites Romani, qui frequentissimi in gradibus Concordiae steterunt,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 8, 21:

    huc postero die quam frequentissimi conveniunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 11, 5:

    frequens ibi hic piscis,

    Plin. 9, 59, 85, § 180: huc frequens Caementa demittit redemptor Cum famulis ( poet. for famulis frequentibus), Hor. C. 3, 1, 34.—
    B.
    Of places filled with a multitude, filled, full, crowded, populous, much frequented, well stocked (syn.: plenus, abundans).— Constr. absol., with abl., and in Tac. also [p. 780] with gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    frequentissimum theatrum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 28 fin.:

    sic ut nulla (praefectura) tota Italia frequentior dici possit,

    more populous, id. Planc. 8, 21:

    ei processit, ut est frequens municipium magna multitudo,

    id. Phil. 2, 41, 106:

    Numidia,

    Sall. J. 78 fin.:

    celebre et frequens emporium,

    much frequented, Liv. 38, 18, 11:

    via,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 585; cf.

    compita,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 26:

    ludi,

    id. Carm. Sec. 22; cf.

    pompa,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 147.—
    (β).
    With abl. (since the Aug. per.):

    cum situm moeniaque et frequentem tectis urbem vidissent,

    Liv. 1, 9, 9:

    loca aedificiis,

    id. 31, 23, 5:

    Aegyptus multis (urbibus),

    Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 60:

    terra colubris,

    Ov. M. 4, 620:

    Sinuessa niveis columbis,

    id. ib. 15, 715:

    silva trabibus,

    id. ib. 8, 328; cf.:

    locus piceis ilicibusque,

    id. H. 16, 54:

    nemus agrestium pavonum multitudine frequens,

    Curt. 9, 2, 13:

    Nilus feris et beluis,

    Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 53:

    amnis vorticibus,

    Ov. M. 9, 106:

    vivarium piscibus,

    Col. 8, 16, 4:

    pharetra telis Lernaeis,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1233.— Comp.:

    utra pars frequentior vicis esset,

    Liv. 35, 11, 5.—
    * (γ).
    With gen.:

    quod talis silvae frequens fecundusque erat (mons),

    Tac. A. 4, 65.—Hence, adv.: frĕ-quenter.
    1.
    (Acc. to I.) Often, frequently (not freq. till after the Aug. per.):

    ut frequenter et assidue consequamur artis rationem studio et exercitatione,

    Auct. Her. 4, 56, 69:

    ad aliquem frequenter ventitare,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 9 (Moser, frequentes); cf.:

    gratior (erat) Alexandro frequenter in officinam ventitanti,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 85:

    praecipue quidem apud Ciceronem, frequenter tamen apud Asinium,

    Quint. 1, 8, 11:

    frequenter in his etiam conjecturae locus est, nonnumquam tractatur aliqua finitio: aliquando etiam legales possunt incidere tractatus,

    id. 3, 8, 4:

    habet usum talis allegoriae frequenter oratio, sed raro totius,

    id. 8, 6, 47:

    continuo aut certe nimium frequenter,

    id. 9, 1, 11;

    opp. semper,

    id. 12, 1, 3; v. infra.— Comp.:

    quod et M. Cicero scripto ad Brutum libro frequentius testatur,

    Quint. 1, 10, 4:

    haec ad conjecturam frequentius pertinent, sed interim ad jus quoque,

    id. 5, 10, 38:

    ne plebs frumentationum causa frequentius a negotiis avocaretur,

    Suet. Aug. 40:

    non alias missi cecidere frequentius ignes,

    Ov. F. 3, 287.— Sup.:

    translatione frequentissime sermo omnis utitur,

    Cic. Or. 24, 81:

    non semper, etiamsi frequentissime, tuenda veritas erit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 36; Suet. Aug. 43.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II.) Numerously, in great numbers, by many (very rare):

    huic frequenter interceditur,

    Cic. Att. 1, 19, 5:

    Romam inde frequenter migratum est,

    Liv. 1, 11, 4.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > frequens

  • 19 gaudium

    gaudĭum, ii (apoc. form gau, like cael for caelum, do for domum: replet te laetificum gau, Enn. ap. Auson. Technop. 144; Ann. 451 Vahl.), n. [id.], inward joy, joy, gladness, delight (opp. laetitia, joy which shows itself externally).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    cum ratione animus movetur placide atque constanter, tum illud gaudium dicitur: cum autem inaniter et effuse animus exsultat, tum illa laetitia gestiens vel nimia dici potest, quam ita definiunt sine ratione animi elationem,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 48, 1:

    voluptas dicitur etiam in animo... non dicitur laetitia nec gaudium in corpore,

    id. Fin. 2, 4, 13 (cf. under B.):

    veluti ex servitute erepta (plebs) gaudium atque laetitiam agitabat,

    Sall. C. 48, 1:

    exsultare laetitia, triumphare gaudio,

    Cic. Clu. 5, 14: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A, 2:

    non possum non confiteri, cumulari me maximo gaudio, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

    gaudio compleri, gaudio afficere,

    id. Fin. 5, 24, 69 sq.:

    tuis litteris perlectis exsilui gaudio,

    id. Fam. 16, 16, 1; cf.:

    cum tuas litteras legissem, incredibili gaudio sum elatus,

    id. ib. 10, 12, 2; id. Rep. 3, 30:

    gaudium, tristitiam ostendimus (manibus),

    Quint. 11, 3, 86:

    missa legatio quae gaudio fungeretur,

    to express their joy, offer their congratulations, Tac. H. 2, 55:

    prae gaudio ubi sim nescio,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 67; cf.:

    nimio gaudio paene desipere,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 9, 2:

    exclamare gaudio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 30; cf.:

    lacrimare gaudio,

    id. Ad. 3, 3, 55: Ha. Gaudio ero vobis. Ad. At edepol nos voluptati tibi, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 47:

    quid illud gaudii est?

    Ter. And. 5, 5, 7.—With an object-genitive:

    gaudium periculosi saltus superati,

    Liv. 42, 55, 4.—
    (β).
    Plur.: quocum multa volup ac gaudia clamque palamque, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 247 Vahl.):

    cum me tantis affecistis gaudiis,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 105; more freq., the outward expressions of joy:

    feminarum praecipue et gaudia insignia erant et luctus,

    Liv. 22, 7, 12 (cf. sing.:

    gaudio exultans,

    id. 21, 42, 3):

    quibus gaudiis exsultabis?

    Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26:

    ita varie per omnem exercitum laetitia, maeror, luctus atque gaudia agitabantur,

    Sall. C. 61 fin.:

    o qui complexus et gaudia quanta fuerunt!

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 43:

    gaudia prodentem vultum celare,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 104:

    in tacito cohibe gaudia clausa sinu,

    Prop. 2, 25 (3, 20), 30 (cf. gaudeo, II. A.):

    hunc scio mea solide gavisurum gaudia,

    Ter. And. 5, 5, 8:

    scin' me in quibus sim gaudiis?

    id. Eun. 5, 9, 5.—Prov.:

    Gaudia principium nostri sunt doloris,

    Ov. M. 7, 796.—
    B.
    In partic., sensual pleasure, delight, enjoyment (rare; not in Cic.; cf.

    above the passage,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 13; usually in plur.):

    dediti corporis gaudiis per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agunt,

    Sall. J. 2, 4:

    mutua gaudia,

    Lucr. 4, 1205; 5, 854:

    communia,

    id. 4, 1196; cf. ib. 1106; Tib. 1, 5, 39; Hor. C. 3, 6, 28:

    non umquam reputant quanti sibi gaudia constent,

    Juv. 6, 365:

    vini atque cibi,

    id. 10, 204:

    cenae,

    id. 15, 41.—In sing.:

    mihi sibique pestiferum hinc abstulit gaudium,

    Liv. 1, 58, 8.—
    II.
    Transf., also, like our joy, for an object which produces joy, a cause or occasion of joy (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ceterum hoc gaudium magna prope clade in Samnio foedatum est,

    Liv. 7, 34, 1:

    non animo solum patrio gratum munus, sed corpori quoque salubre gaudium (sc. reditus filii) fuit,

    id. 37, 37, 7:

    cupidus falsis attingere gaudia palmis, i. e. conjugem,

    Prop. 1, 19, 9:

    fugiunt tua gaudia,

    Ov. H. 15, 109; Phaedr. 4, 20, 27; Petr. 79, 10.—
    B.
    Of inanim. and abstr. things:

    non omnes (arbores) florent, et sunt tristes quaedam, quaeque non sentiant gaudia annorum,

    Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 95:

    flos est gaudium arborum,

    id. ib.:

    adamas opum gaudium,

    id. 20 praef. § 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gaudium

  • 20 gratulor

    grātŭlor, ātus, 1, v. dep. n. and a. [gratus].
    I.
    To manifest one's joy, i. e. to wish a person joy, to congratulate; or to rejoice (freq. and class.; cf. grator).—Constr., alicui, ( alicui) de aliqua re or aliquid, quod, rarely in, pro aliqua re, aliqua re, alicui rei, an object-clause, or absol.:

    unum illud nescio, gratulerne tibi, an timeam, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. ib. 2, 9, 1:

    gratulor tibi, mi Balbe, vereque gratulor,

    id. ib. 6, 12, 1:

    ipse mihi gratulatus sum,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 2:

    sibi,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3; Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 6:

    quod mihi de filia et de Crassipede gratularis, agnosco humanitatem tuam,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 11; cf.:

    quod mihi de nostro statu, etc., gratularis: minime miramur, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 7, 7;

    1, 7, 11: ego vero vehementer gratulor de judicio ambitus,

    id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

    legatio de victoria gratulatum venit,

    Liv. 45, 13, 12:

    Caesare interfecto M. Brutus Ciceronem nominatim exclamavit atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus,

    congratulated him on the restoration of liberty, Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 28; cf.:

    ei voce maxima victoriam gratulatur,

    id. Verr. 1, 7, 19:

    mihi gratulatus es illius diei celebritatem,

    id. Att. 5, 20, 1 (but cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 507):

    Sejanum oppressum,

    Suet. Claud. 6:

    Athenienses victoriam gratulabantur,

    Curt. 4, 8, 12:

    civitates quae gratulatae illi sibique victoriam fuerant,

    Just. 8, 3 init.:

    gratulor tibi pro amicitia nostra,

    Sall. J. 9, 2:

    tibi pro opportunitate temporis gratulor, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 3; cf.:

    tamen, quod abes, gratulor,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 1; 4, 14, 1; 13, 73, 1; id. Sest. 8, 20; Curt. 6, 7, 15; 8, 12, 17; Tac. H. 4, 64; Suet. Tib. 9:

    tibi etiam in hoc gratulor,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 91; cf.:

    qua in re tibi gratulor ita vehementer,

    id. Fam. 6, 11, 1:

    temporibus nostris gratulare pro ingenio tali,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 27, 5: gratulor tibi affinitate viri mediusfidius optimi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1:

    vires ejus sibi accessisse gratulabatur,

    Just. 13, 5, 15; Val. Max. 3, 1, 2:

    tota mihi mente tibique Gratulor, ingenium non latuisse tuum,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 54; cf.:

    ego me nunc denique natum Gratulor,

    congratulate myself, id. A. A. 3, 122:

    ipse mihi gratulatus sum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 2:

    gratulor victoriae suae,

    id. ib. 4, 8, 1:

    felicitati tuae,

    id. ib. 9, 14, 7:

    itaque inter se impii cives, quasi vicissent, gratulabantur,

    id. Phil. 12, 7, 18:

    neque enim regio fuit ulla, ex qua non publice ad me venerint gratulatum,

    id. Pis. 22, 51:

    laeto vultu gratulantes,

    id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

    gratulatum satis suo nomine,

    Liv. 45, 14, 4:

    cum gratulamur (in dicendo),

    Quint. 3, 4, 3:

    Gratulantes ex sententia,

    id. 8, 5, 1:

    gratulanti inter poenam,

    congratulating himself, Suet. Tib. 60:

    elemento gratulor,

    Juv. 15, 86.—
    II.
    To give thanks, render thanks, to thank, esp. a deity, =grates, gratias agere (mostly ante-class.): Juppiter, tibi, summe, tandem male re gesta gratulor, Enn. ap. Non. 116, 30 (Trag. v. 242 Vahl.); cf.: eamus Jovi maximo gratulatum, Scip. Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3: gratulor divis, Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 804, and ap. Non. 116, 33:

    deos gratulando obtundere,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 6: dis immortalibus, M. Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

    quapropter illi dolori gratulor,

    Quint. 6 praef. § 8 Spald.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratulor

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