klatte+af

( lave pletter, fx med maling) stain,

( om større klatter, især blæk) blot;

[ klatte med, klatte væk] fritter away ( fx one's money, one's time);

[ han klatter ikke med det!] he does not do things by halves!

daub

sg - dríven, pl - dríver

* * *

* * *

I. (en -r)

( snedrive) drift.

II. vb (drev, drevet)

( jage) drive ( fx cattle; drive them away (, back, out); drive him into a corner; drive a nail into the wall);

( tvinge) force ( fx force him on, force him into a corner);

(fig: tilskynde) drive ( fx hunger drove him to steal),

F impel;

( plante) force;

( metal) chase;

( maskine) drive, work ( fx the machine is worked by hand);

(forretning etc) run ( fx a business, a farm, a hotel, a theatre), carry on ( fx a trade);

[ drive handel], se handel;

[ drive studier] pursue studies;

( uden objekt) ( blive ført af sted) drift ( fx the clouds are drifting),

( flyde, svæve) float ( fx a dead dog was floating in the stream);

( dovne) loaf, do nothing,

F idle;

( slentre) stroll,

( især: ubekymret) saunter;

[ med præp og adv:]

[ drive den af] loaf,

F idle;

[ drive af blod (, sved)] bleed (, sweat) profusely; be bathed in blood (, sweat);

[ hans tøj drev af vand] his clothes were wringing wet;

[ drive bort] drift away;

( fordrive) drive away;

[ drive tiden bort], se ndf: drive tiden væk;

[ drive for ankeret] drag the anchor;

[ drive frem] push (el. drive) forward,

( skibe, køretøjer) propel,

( planter) force,

(fig) urge on ( fx it was his ambition that urged him on);

( om forretning) work up;

[ drive ` igennem]

( få gennemført) carry (, stærkere: force) through;

[ drive ` ind] drive in ( fx a wedge);

[ sveden drev ned ad panden på ham] perspiration was streaming down his forehead;

[ drive `om] hang around, loaf around,

F be idling about;

[ drive en forretning op] work up a business;

[ drive noget op]

( på auktion) force the bidding for something;

[ drive ` over]

(også fig) blow over;

[ drive på flugt] put to flight;

[ drive rundt] = drive om;

[ drive sammen] herd together, round up ( fx cattle, sheep);

[ drevet til fortvivlelse] driven to despair;

[ han skal nok drive det til noget] he is bound to get on (el. go far), he will go a long way;

[ drive tilbage]

(dvs jage tilbage) drive back,

F repel,

(mil.) repulse;

[ drive djævle ud] cast out devils, exorcise;

[ han er ikke til at drive ud af sengen] you can't get him out of bed;

[ drive det vidt] go far, go a long way;

[ nu driver du spøgen for vidt] now you are (el. this is) carrying the joke too far;

[ drive tiden væk] dawdle (, F: idle) away one's time;

( klatte væk) fritter away one's time.

* * *

( strø) sprinkle;

( falde) fall ( fx the plaster fell from the ceiling);

( om nåletræ) shed needles;

( gå langsomt) stroll,

( ubekymret) saunter,

( smøle) dawdle;

[ komme dryssende]

( efter hovedgruppen) come straggling;

[ han kom dryssende en time for sent] he sauntered in an hour late;

[ drysse tiden væk]

(dvs smøle) dawdle (, F: idle) away one's time;

( klatte væk) fritter away one's time;

[ lad være med at drysse aske på gulvet] don't drop ash on the floor;

[ drysse mel over kød] sprinkle meat with flour; sprinkle flour over meat.

( sjuske) scamp one's work;

( smøle) dawdle;

( ødsle) waste, squander;

[ sløse sin tid bort] fritter one's time away;

[ sløse med sit arbejde] scamp one's work;

[ sløse med sine penge]

(dvs ødsle med) squander one's money,

( klatte væk) fritter away one's money;

[ sløset]

( om person) sloppy, slovenly,

( om arbejde også) scamped.

* * *

καταράομαι mid. dep.; 1 aor. κατηρασάμην. Pass.: aor. 3 sg. κατηράθη (Just., D. 111, 2), opt. 3 sg. καταραθείη Job 3:6 and 24:1; pf. 3 pl. κεκατήρανται Num 22, 6 and 24:9; ptc. κεκατηραμένος or κατηραμένος LXX (s. prec. entry; Hom.+; LXX, En; PsSol 3:9; TestSol 20:6; TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 17 [Stone p. 36]; TestJob 13:5; GrBar 4:8; Philo, Joseph., Just.) to curse, execrate τινά someone (Plut., Cato Min. 774 [32, 4] v.l.; Ps.-Lucian, Asinus 27; Gen 12:3; 27:29 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 103; Test12Patr; Just., D. 139, 1 al.) Mt 5:44 v.l.; Lk 6:28; Js 3:9; 1 Cl 10:3 (Gen 12:3); a tree Mk 11:21. W. dat. τινί (so Hdt. 4, 184; X., An. 7, 7, 48; Diod S 1, 45, 2; 14, 70, 2; EpJer 65; Philo, Fuga 73, Leg. All. 3, 65 τῷ ὄφει [but 75 τὸν ὄφιν]; Jos., Bell. 3, 297, C. Ap. 1, 204; Just., D. 133, 6) curse someone Mt 5:44 D; Lk 6:28 v.l.; D 1:3. Abs. (Aristoph., Vesp. 614; Demosth. 18, 283) curse (w. εὐλογεῖν as Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 177) Ro 12:14; 1 Cl 15:3 (Ps 61:5); (w. ἀρνεῖσθαι and ὀμνύναι) Judaicon 333, 51=GHb 16—Perf. ptc. κατηραμένος w. pass. mng. (Plut., Lucull. 503 [18, 6]; 4 Km 9:34; Wsd 12:11; Just., D. 93, 4) οἱ κατηραμένοι accursed ones Mt 25:41. οἱ κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ (cp. Dt 21:23; Herm. Wr. 2, 17a) 1 Cl 30:8. κατηραμένην…τοῦ ὄφεως πίστιν the cursed faith of (i.e. associated w.) the snake AcPlCor 2:20 (cp. Gen. 3).—Lit. s. on εὐλογέω end; also KLatte, Heil. Recht 1920, 61–96; B. 1481. JPedersen, Der Eid bei den Semiten 1914; s. esp. the curse-laden inscriptions at Kommagene (I B.C.): OGI 383; and FDörner-TGöell, Arsameia am Nymphaios ’63, pp. 40–59 text and tr. (lit.)—DELG s.v. ἀρά. M-M. TW.

μαρτυρία, ας, ἡ (s. μαρτυρέω; Hom.+—KLatte, Martyria: Pauly-W. XIV 2, 2032–39; Kl. Pauly III 1058).

① confirmation or attestation on the basis of personal knowledge or belief, testimony

ⓐ act of testifying testimony, testifying (Pla., Leg. 11 p. 937a εἰς μαρτυρίαν κληθείς; Epict. 3, 22, 86 the μ. of the Cynic; PHal 1, 222 εἰς μαρτυρίαν κλῆσις; Iren. 5, 28, 4 [Harv. II 403, 5] διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν μ. κατακριθεὶς πρὸς θηρία) οὗτος ἦλθεν εἰς μαρτυρίαν J 1:7. Of the two witnesses: ὅταν τελέσωσιν τ. μαρτυρίαν αὐτῶν Rv 11:7.

ⓑ content of testimony

α. of historical attestation or testimony (Diod S 11, 38, 6 τῆς ἱστορίας δικαία μαρτυρία; Just., D. 79, 2 ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Ἠσαίου) J 19:35; 21:24 (JChapman, JTS 31, 1930, 379–87); Papias (2:17).

β. esp. w. ref. to Jesus

א. of human testimony concerning Jesus: by the Baptist J 1:19. By Paul Ac 22:18 (s. TRE XXIII 23–31). By believers Rv 12:11. Human testimony rejected J 5:34.

ב. of transcendent testimony concerning Jesus: he bears witness to himself as the central point of the Christian message: J 3:11, 32f; 8:14. His self-attestation is rejected vs. 13; cp. 5:31. Jesus also testifies concerning himself in Rv 1:2, 9.—God attests him (cp. Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 12 D.: μ. παρὰ Ἀπόλλωνος, p. 13 ἐκ Διός; Dexippus Athen. [III A.D.]:100 Fgm. 1, 7 Jac. ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ μ. for the ‘god’ Lycurgus) J 5:32, 36 (μαρτυρία μείζων as Dionys. Soph., Ep. 77.—Cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 9, 25 τὰ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ γενόμενα παράδοξα … τὴν ἀπὸ θεοῦ εἶχε μ.). 1J 5:9bc, 10ab, 11.—RAsting (s. εὐαγγέλιον, end).—On John s. EHoskyns, The Fourth Gosp., ed. FDavey ’47 p. 58–95.

ג. Rv speaks of the μαρτυρία or the μ. Ἰησοῦ which the Christians, or certain Christians (martyrs, prophets), possess: 6:9; 12:17; 19:10ab; 20:4.—FMazzaferri, Bible Translator 39, ’88, 114–22: John’s book is the personal testimony of Jesus.

② testimony in court, testimony (Demosth. 29, 7 al.; Jos., Ant. 4, 219) Mk 14:56, 59; Lk 22:71. κατά τινος against someone Mk 14:55; δύο ἀνθρώπων ἡ μ. the testimony of two persons J 8:17.

③ attestation of character or behavior, testimony, statement of approval (Jos., Ant. 6, 346; cp. Did., Gen. 212, 1) 1J 5:9a; 3J 12; Tit 1:13. ἡ μ. τῆς ἀγαθῆς πράξεως testimony concerning good deeds 1 Cl 30:7. μαρτυρίαν καλὴν ἔχειν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν have a good standing with outsiders 1 Ti 3:7 (μ.=recommendation: Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 9; Chion, Ep. 2; SIG1073, 17 [II A.D.]).—In the obscure concatenation of clauses 1:6, love seems to be ἔργων δικαιοσύνης μαρτυρία a testimony of upright deeds.—Of a good testimony fr. God (Dio Chrys. 16 [33], 12 τῆς μεγίστης ἔτυχε μαρτυρίας παρὰ τοῦ δαιμονίου) Hs 5, 2, 6.

④ testimony that invites death, a martyr’s death, martyrdom (Iren. 1, 28, 1 [Harv. I 220, 10]) MPol 1:1; 13:2; 17:1.—DELG s.v. μάρτυς. M-M. TW. Sv.

παραδίδωμι (Pind., Hdt.+) pres. 3 sg. παραδίδει (-δίδη cod. [ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 23 Tdf.]), subj. 3 sg. παραδιδῷ and παραδιδοῖ 1 Cor 15:24 (B-D-F §95, 2; W-S. §14, 12; Mlt-H. 204), ptc. παραδιδούς; impf. 3 sg. παρεδίδου Ac 8:3 and 1 Pt 2:23, pl. παρεδίδουν Ac 16:4 v.l.; 27:1 and παρεδίδοσαν 16:4 (B-D-F §94, 1; Mlt-H. 202); fut. παραδώσω; 1 aor. παρέδωκα; 2 aor. indic. παρέδοσαν Lk 1:2; 2 aor. subj. 3 sg. παραδῷ and παραδοῖ Mk 4:29; 14:10, 11; J 13:2 (B-D-F §95, 2; Mlt-H. 210f), impv. παράδος, ptc. παραδούς; pf. παραδέδωκα, ptc. παραδεδωκώς (Ac 15:26); plpf. 3 pl. παραδεδώκεισαν Mk 15:10 (on the absence of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.; impf. 3 sg. παρεδίδετο 1 Cor 11:23b (-δίδοτο is also attested; B-D-F §94, 1; Mlt-H. 206); 1 fut. παραδοθήσομαι; 1 aor. παρεδόθην; perf. 3 sg. παραδέδοται Lk 4:6, ptc. παραδεδομένος (Ac 14:26).

① to convey someth. in which one has a relatively strong personal interest, hand over, give (over), deliver, entrust

ⓐ a thing τινί τι (Jos., Ant 4, 83; Mel., P. 42, 290; 292; 294) τάλαντά μοι Mt 25:20, 22. αὐτοῖς τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ vs. 14. ὑμῖν τὴν γῆν 1 Cl 12:5. τινὶ τὴν κτίσιν Hv 3, 4, 1; λίθους Hs 9, 7, 1; ἀμπελῶνα 5, 6, 2. Also in the sense give back, restore, give up (X., Hell. 2, 3, 7 τινί τι) αὐτῷ τὴν παρακαταθήκην ἣν ἔλαβον Hm 3:2.—Pass., w. the thing easily supplied fr. the context ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται Lk 4:6.—παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα J 19:30 (ApcMos 42; cp. TestAbr B 12 p. 117, 4f [Stone p. 82] Σαρρα … παρέδωκε τὴν ψυχήν; ParJer 9:8; ApcEsdr 7:14) needs no dat.: he gave up his spirit voluntarily. ἄνθρωποι παραδεδωκότες τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ κυρίου men who have risked ( pledged Field, Notes 124) their lives for the name of the Lord Ac 15:26. καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι and if I give up my body to be burned 1 Cor 13:3 (Maximus Tyr. 1, 9i τῇ Αἴτνῃ αὐτοῦ παραδοὺς σῶμα; Syntipas p. 60, 11 πυρὶ σεαυτὴν παραδίδως). ὅταν παραδιδοῖ τ. βασιλείαν τῷ θεῷ when (Christ) delivers the kingship to God 15:24.

ⓑ hand over, turn over, give up a person ([Lat. trado] as a t.t. of police and courts ‘hand over into [the] custody [of]’ OGI 669, 15; PHib 92, 11; 17; PLille 3, 59 [both pap III B.C.]; PTebt 38, 6 [II B.C.] al.—As Military term ‘surrender’: Paus. 1, 2, 1; X., Cyr. 5, 1, 28; 5, 4, 51.) τινά someone Mt 10:19; 24:10; 27:18; Mk 13:11; Ac 3:13. Pass. Mt 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 21:16. τινά τινι Mt 5:25 (fr. one official to another, as UPZ 124, 19f [II B.C.]; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 11 [Stone p. 78]); 18:34; 27:2; Mk 10:33b; cp. 15:1; Lk 12:58; 20:20; J 18:30, 35; Ac 27:1; 28:16 v.l.; Hs 7:5; 9, 10, 6; Pass. Lk 18:32; J 18:36; Hv 5:3f; m 4, 4, 3; Hs 6, 3, 6b; 9, 11, 2; 9, 13, 9; 9, 20, 4; 9, 21, 4. τὸν Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν Lk 23:25.—Esp. of Judas (s. Brown, Death I 211f on tendency of translators to blur the parallelism of Judas’ action to the agency of others in the passion narrative), whose information and action leads to the arrest of Jesus, w. acc. and dat. ἐγὼ ὑμῖν παραδώσω αὐτόν Mt 26:15. Cp. Mk 14:10; Lk 22:4, 6; J 19:11. Pass. Mt 20:18; Mk 10:33a. Without a dat. Mt 10:4; 26:16, 21, 23; Mk 3:19; 14:11, 18; Lk 22:48; J 6:64, 71; 12:4; 13:21. Pass. Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21; Lk 22:22; 1 Cor 11:23b (NRSV et al. render ‘betrayed’, but it is not certain that when Paul refers to ‘handing over’, ‘delivering up’, ‘arresting’ [so clearly Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 36, 50 Jac. παραδοθείς ‘surrendered’] he is even thinking of the action taken against Jesus by Judas much less interpreting it as betrayal; cp. Ac 3:13 παρεδώκατε). ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτόν (παραδιδούς με) his (my) informer (on the role of a מסוֹר in Israelite piety s. WKlassen, Judas ’96, 62–66; but Ac 1:18 the action of Judas as ἀδικία) Mt 26:25, 46, 48; Mk 14:42, 44; Lk 22:21; J 13:11; 18:2, 5. Cp. Mt 27:3, 4; J 21:20. The article w. pres. ptc. connotes the notoriety (cp. the use of traditor in Tacitus, Histories 4, 24) of Judas in early tradition. His act is appraised as betrayal Lk 6:16, s. προδότης.—τινὰ εἰς χεῖράς τινος deliver someone/someth. into someone’s hands (a Semitic construction, but paralleled in Lat., cp. Livy 26, 12, 11; Dt 1:27; Jer 33:24; Jdth 6:10; 1 Macc 4:30; 1 Esdr 1:50. Pass. Jer 39:4, 36, 43; Sir 11:6; Da 7:25, 11:11; TestJob 20:3; ParJer 2:7 τὴν πόλιν; AscIs 2:14; cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 20) Ac 21:11. Pass. Mt 17:22; 26:45; Mk 9:31; 14:41; Lk 9:44; 24:7 (NPerrin, JJeremias Festschr., ’70, 204–12); Ac 28:17. ἡ γῆ παραδοθήσεται εἰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ D 16:4b. Also ἐν χειρί τινος (Judg 7:9; 2 Esdr 9:7; cp. 2 Ch 36:17; 1 Macc 5:50; Just., D. 40, 2 ὁ τόπος τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὑμῶν παραδοθήσεται) 1 Cl 55:5b.—W. indication of the goal, or of the purpose for which someone is handed over: in the inf. (Jos., Bell. 1, 655) παραδιδόναι τινά τινι φυλάσσειν αὐτόν hand someone over to someone to guard him (X., An. 4, 6, 1) Ac 12:4. W. local εἰς (OGI 669, 15 εἰς τὸ πρακτόρειόν τινας παρέδοσαν; PGiss 84 II, 18 [II A.D.] εἰς τ. φυλακήν): εἰς συνέδρια hand over to the local courts Mt 10:17; Mk 13:9. εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς καὶ φυλακάς hand someone over to the synagogues and prisons Lk 21:12. εἰς φυλακήν put in prison Ac 8:3; cp. 22:4. Also εἰς δεσμωτήριον (of a transcendent place of punishment: cp. PGM 4, 1245ff ἔξελθε, δαῖμον, … παραδίδωμί σε εἰς τὸ μέλαν χάος ἐν ταῖς ἀπωλείαις) Hs 9, 28, 7. ἑαυτοὺς εἰς δεσμά give oneself up to imprisonment 1 Cl 55:2a. W. final εἰς (cp. En 97:10 εἰς κατάραν μεγάλην παρα[δο]θήσεσθε): ἑαυτοὺς εἰς δουλείαν give oneself up to slavery 55:2b (cp. Just., D. 139, 4). εἰς τὸ σταυρωθῆναι hand over to be crucified Mt 26:2. εἰς τὸ ἐμπαῖξαι κτλ. 20:19. εἰς θλῖψιν 24:9. εἰς κρίμα θανάτου Lk 24:20. εἰς κρίσιν 2 Pt 2:4. εἰς θάνατον hand over to death (POxy 471, 107 [II A.D.]): Mt 10:21 (Unknown Sayings, 68 n. 3: by informing on the other); Mk 13:12; Hm 12, 1, 2f; pass.: ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; 2 Cor 4:11; 1 Cl 16:13 (Is 53:12); B 12:2; Hs 9, 23, 5. π. ἑαυτὸν εἰς θάνατον give oneself up to death 1 Cl 55:1; fig. hand oneself over to death Hs 6, 5, 4. εἰς θλῖψιν θανάτου παραδίδοσθαι be handed over to the affliction of death B 12:5. π. τὴν σάρκα εἰς καταφθοράν give up his flesh to corruption 5:1.—ἵνα stands for final εἰς: τὸν Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν ἵνα σταυρωθῇ he handed Jesus over to be crucified Mt 27:26; Mk 15:15; cp. J 19:16.—π. alone w. the mng. hand over to suffering, death, punishment, esp. in relation to Christ: κύριος παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 Cl 16:7 (cp. Is 53:6).—Ro 8:32. Pass. 4:25; cp. B 16:5. π. ἑαυτὸν ὑπέρ τινος Gal 2:20 (GBerényi, Biblica 65, ’84, 490–537); Eph 5:25. παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ θεῷ he gave himself to God for us as a sacrifice and an offering vs. 2.—π. τινὰ τῷ σατανᾷ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός hand someone over to Satan for destruction of his physical body 1 Cor 5:5. οὓς παρέδωκα τῷ σατανᾷ, ἵνα whom I have turned over to Satan, in order that 1 Ti 1:20 (cp. INikaia I, 87, 4f of someone handed over to the gods of the netherworld for tomb violation [New Docs 4, 165]; also the exorcism PGM 5, 334ff νεκυδαίμων, … παραδίδωμί σοι τὸν δεῖνα, ὅπως … ; s. the lit. s.v. ὄλεθρος 2; also CBruston, L’abandon du pécheur à Satan: RTQR 21, 1912, 450–58; KLatte, Heiliges Recht 1920; LBrun, Segen u. Fluch im Urchr. ’32, 106ff). The angel of repentance says: ἐμοὶ παραδίδονται εἰς ἀγαθὴν παιδείαν they are turned over to me for good instruction Hs 6, 3, 6a (Demetr. Phaler. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 164 FWehrli ’49: Demosthenes παραδίδωσι ἑαυτὸν τῷ Ἀνδρονίκῳ to be initiated into dramatic art).—ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ they gave themselves over to debauchery Eph 4:19. ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τ. αἰῶνος τούτου Hs 6, 2, 3. ταῖς τρυφαῖς καὶ ἀπάταις 6, 2, 4. παρεδώκατε ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὰς ἀκηδίας Hv 3, 11, 3 (s. ἀκηδία). Of God, who punishes evil-doers: παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν he abandoned them to impurity Ro 1:24 (for the thought cp. 1QH 2:16–19. See also EKlostermann, ZNW 32, ’33, 1–6 [retribution]). εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας to disgraceful passions vs. 26. εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν vs. 28. παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Ac 7:42. God, the All-Gracious One, is the subject of the extraordinary (s. lit. διδαχή 2) expression εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ δ. εἰς ὸ̔ν π. (obedient) to the form of teaching, for the learning of which you were given over i.e. by God Ro 6:17 (cp. the ins. fr. Transjordania in Nabataean times NGG Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgr. V n.s. I, 1, ’36, p. 3, 1 Abedrapsas thanks his paternal god: παρεδόθην εἰς μάθησιν τέχνης=‘I was apprenticed to learn a trade’. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 7, ’42, 6–8; FBeare, NTS 5, ’59, 206–10; UBorse, BZ 12, ’68, 95–103; FDanker, Gingrich Festschr., ’72, 94).

② to entrust for care or preservation, give over, commend, commit w. dat. (cp. PFlor 309, 5 σιωπῇ παραδ. ‘hand over to forgetfulness’; Just., A II, 5, 2 τὴν … τῶν ἀνθρώπων … πρόνοιαν ἀγγέλοις … παρέδωκεν ‘[God] entrusted angels with concern for humans’; Tat. 7, 3 τῇ σφῶν ἀβελτερίᾳ παρεδόθησαν ‘they were handed over to their own stupidity’) παραδίδοσθαι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ κυρίου ὑπό τινος be commended by someone to the grace of the Lord Ac 15:40. Ἀντιόχεια, ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς τὸ ἔργον Antioch, from which (city they had gone out) commended to the grace of God for the work 14:26.—παρεδίδου τῷ κρίνοντι he committed his cause to the one who judges 1 Pt 2:23.

③ to pass on to another what one knows, of oral or written tradition, hand down, pass on, transmit, relate, teach (Theognis 1, 28f passes on what he himself learned as παῖς, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν; Pla., Phil. 16c, Ep. 12, 359d μῦθον; Demosth. 23, 65; Polyb. 7, 1, 1; 10, 28, 3; Diod S 12, 13, 2 π. τινί τι pass on someth. to future generations εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα; Plut., Nic. 524 [1, 5]; Herm. Wr. 13, 15; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 60 τὴν κατὰ νόμους παραδεδομένην εὐσέβειαν; PMagd 33, 5 of a report to the police concerning the facts in a case; Just.; A I, 54, 1 τὰ μυθοποιηθέντα) Lk 1:2. παραδόσεις Mk 7:13 (of the tradition of the Pharisees, as Jos., Ant. 13, 297; cp. the rabbinic term מָסַר); 1 Cor 11:2. ἔθη Ac 6:14. ὁ ἡμῖν παραδοθεὶς λόγος the teaching handed down to us Pol 7:2 (Just., D. 53, 6). ἡ παραδοθεῖσα αὐτοῖς ἁγία ἐντολή 2 Pt 2:21 (ApcMos 23 τὴν ἐντολήν μου ἣν παρέδωκά σοι). ἡ παραδοθεῖσα τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστις Jd 3. τὰ παραδοθέντα (Philo, Fuga 200) Dg 11:1. παρεδίδοσαν αὐτοῖς φυλάσσειν τὰ δόγματα they handed down to them the decisions to observe Ac 16:4.—(In contrast to παραλαμβάνειν [the same contrast in Diod S 1, 91, 4; 3, 65, 6; 5, 2, 3; PHerm 119 III, 22; BGU 1018, 24; PThéad 8, 25]) pass on 1 Cor 11:23a; 15:3; AcPlCor 2:4; EpilMosq 2. W. a connotation of wonder and mystery (of mysteries and ceremonies: Theon Smyrn., Expos. Rer. Math. p. 14 Hiller τελετὰς παραδιδόναι; Diod S 5, 48, 4 μυστηρίων τελετὴ παραδοθεῖσα; Strabo 10, 3, 7; Wsd 14:15 μυστήρια καὶ τελετάς. ParJer 9:29 τὰ μυστήρια … τῷ Βαρούχ; Just., D. 70, 1 τὰ τοῦ Μίθρου μυστήρια παραδιδόντες; cp. 78, 6. Cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 1 παλιγγενεσίαν; PGM 4, 475) πάντα (πᾶς 1dβ) μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τ. πατρός μου Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32 πάτερ … παρέδωκας αὐτῷ [ὁ σὸς ἄνθρωπος is meant] τὴν πᾶσαν ἐξουσίαν; in Vett. Val. 221, 23 astrology is ὑπὸ θεοῦ παραδεδομένη τ. ἀνθρώποις.—For lit. on the saying of Jesus s. under υἱός 2dβ).—S. παράδοσις, end.

④ to make it possible for someth. to happen, allow, permit (Hdt. 5, 67; 7, 18 [subj. ὁ θεός]; X., An. 6, 6, 34 [οἱ θεοί]; Isocr. 5, 118 [οἱ καιροί]; Polyb. 22, 24, 9 τῆς ὥρας παραδιδούσης) ὅταν παραδοῖ ὁ καρπός when the (condition of the) crop permits Mk 4:29.—On the whole word: WPopkes, Christus Traditus, ’67.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

συκοφαντέω fut. 3 sg. συκοφαντῆσει Lev 19:11; 1 aor. ἐσυκοφάντησα; fut. 3 sg. pass. συκοφαντηθήσεται (Just., D. 92, 5) (Aristoph., X., Pla. et al.; pap, LXX; TestJos 8:4; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 11, Ant. 10, 114, Vi. 52; SibOr 2, 73). Prim. ‘accuse falsely, slander’ (for guesses at derivation of the term s. L-S-M-J s.v. συκοφάντης, and lit. below)

① to put pressure on someone for personal gain, harass, squeeze, shake down, blackmail τινά someone (Pr 14:31; 22:16 πένητα; 28:3 πτωχούς) w. διασείω (BGU 1756, 11 [I B.C.]; s. διασείω and also cp. Antiphon, Or. 6, 43; UPZ 113, 9f [156 B.C.]; PTebt 43, 26 συκοφαντηθῶμεν and 36 συκοφαντίας τε καὶ διασισμοῦ χάριν=for the sake of calumny and shakedown) Lk 3:14.

② to secure someth. through intimidation, extort (Lysias 26, 24 τὶ παρά τινος) εἴ τινός τι ἐσυκοφάντησα if I have extorted anything from anyone Lk 19:8.—EbNestle, Sykophantia im bibl. Griech.: ZNW 4, 1903, 271f; JLofberg, The Sycophant-Parasite: ClPh 15, 1920, 61–72. On the derivation of the term s. esp. KLatte, Pauly-W. IV A (1932) 1028–31. S. also Arnott, Alexis p. 551f.—DELG s.v. σῦκον. M-M. TW.

ἀγνόημα, ατος, τό (s. ἀγνοέω; since Gorgias [V B.C.], 11 [Helena] 19; s. FZucker, Semantica ABA 38, ’63, 51f) sin committed in ignorance/unintentionally (Diod S 1, 71, 3 ἐλάχιστα ἀ.; 13, 90, 7; OGI 116, 2; UPZ 111, 3 [163 B.C.]; PTebt 5, 3 [118 B.C.] ἀγνοήματα, ἁμαρτήματα, ἐνκλήματα, καταγνώσματα [Taubenschlag, Law² 430; APF 2, 1903, 483ff; Jur. Pap. no. 69; KLatte, ARW 20, 1921, p. 287, 1]; BGU 1185, 7; 1 Macc 13:39; Tob 3:3; Sir 23:2; JosAs 13 [p. 57, 20 Bat.] Cod. A; Eus., DemEv 4, 10.—Soph. Oed. R. is devoted to dramatic exposition of the theme of such ἄ.) Hb 9:7 (s. ἄγνοια 2 beg.; REB: ‘inadvertent sins’; NRSV: ‘sins committed unintentionally’). Forgiven by God Hs 5, 7, 3f.—DELG s.v. γιγνώσκω 225. M-M. TW.

ἀπολύτρωσις, εως, ἡ orig. ‘buying back’ a slave or captive, i.e. ‘making free’ by payment of a ransom (λύτρον, q.v.; prisoners of war could ordinarily face slavery). The word is comp. rare (Diod S, Fgm. 37, 5, 3 p. 149, 6 Dind.; Plut., Pomp. 631 [24, 5]; EpArist 12; 33; Philo, Omn. Prob. Lib. 114; Jos., Ant. 12, 27; Da 4:34; Just., D. 86, 1. An ins fr. Cos (IKosPH 29, 7) so designates sacral manumission of slaves: RHerzog, Koische Forschungen u. Funde 1899, 39f. Dssm., LO 278 [LAE 327]; KLatte, Heiliges Recht 1920), and usage may diverge freely fr. the orig. mng.

① release from a painful interrogation, release, offered in return for apostasy (Philo, loc. cit.; for the story 2 Macc 7:24; 4 Macc 8:4–14) Hb 11:35 from torture.

② release from a captive condition, release, redemption, deliverance fig. ext. of the orig. use in connection with manumission of captives or slaves: the release fr. sin and finiteness that comes through Christ.

ⓐ redemption, acquittal, also the state of being redeemed διὰ τῆς ἀ. τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 3:24. εἰς ἀ. τῶν παραβάσεων for redemption fr. the transgressions Hb 9:15. ἐγγίζει ἡ ἀ. ὑμῶν Lk 21:28. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ σώματος ἡμῶν the freeing of our body fr. earthly limitations or redemption of our body (σῶμα= σάρξ as 2 Cor 5:8) Ro 8:23. ἔχομεν τὴν ἀ. διὰ τ. αἴματος αὐτοῦ Eph 1:7; cp. Col 1:14 v.l. ἐσφραγίσθητε εἰς ἡμέραν ἀπολυτρώσεως you were sealed for the day of redemption Eph 4:30. εἰς ἀ. τῆς περιποιήσεως for a redemption, through which you become God’s property 1:14.

ⓑ abstr. for concr. redeemer Christ ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν ἀ. 1 Cor 1:30.—JWirtz, D. Lehre von d. Apolytrosis1906; JStamm, Erlösen u. Vergeben im AT ’40; BWarfield, The NT Terminol. of ‘Redemption’: PTR 15, 1917, 201–49; ELohmeyer, D. Begriff d. Erlösung im Urchristentum 1928; EvDobschütz, ThBl 8, 1929, 34–36; 99f; JBohatec, TZ 4, ’48, 268–70; DaConchas, Verbum Domini 30, ’52, 14–29; 81–91; 154–69; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht, ’55; DWhitely, JTS 8, ’57, 240–55; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 49–81; SLyonnet, Sin, Redemption, and Sacrifice ’70, 79–103. FBüchsel, RAC I 543–45. JHarril, The Manumission of Slaves in Early Christianity ’95.—DELG s.v. λύω. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἁμαρτάνω fut. ἁμαρτήσω Mt 18:21, cp. Hm 4, 1, 1f (W-S. §13, 8; Mlt-H. 227); 2 aor. (Theognis, Pind. et al.) ἥμαρτον, subj. ἁμάρτω Lk 17:3; 1 aor. (H. Gk.) ἡμάρτησα, subj. ἁμαρτήσω Mt 18:15; Lk 17:4; Ro 6:15, ptc. ἁμαρτήσας Ro 5:14 (cp. ἐπί, 6ac) 16; Hb 3:17; 2 Pt 2:4; pf. ἡμάρτηκα LXX, 1 pl. ἡμαρτήκαμεν 1J 1:10; pf. pass. ptc. neut. ἡμαρτημένα (Just.; Ath., R. 76, 10; s. B-D-F §75; 77; Mlt-H. 214; on the LXX forms s. Thackeray 259) to commit a wrong, to sin (in the sense ‘transgress’ against divinity, custom, or law since Hom., esp. LXX, also pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Herm. Wr., Just., Ath.; in gen. sense ‘miss the mark, err, do wrong’ Hom. et al.; also Diogenes 37, 7 p. 158, 11 Malherbe; cp. Papias [2:15] of Mark’s compilation).

ⓐ abs. (Menand., Fgm. 499 K. ἄνθρωπος ὢν ἥμαρτον; Herodas 5, 27; Diogenes 15 p. 108, 17 Malherbe; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 7, 7; Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6) Mt 18:15; Lk 17:3; J 5:14; 8:11; 9:2f (cp. Hdt. 1, 138 for related line of thought); Ro 3:23; 5:12 (s. the lit. on ἁμαρτία 3b); 1 Cor 7:28, 36; 15:34; Eph 4:26 (Ps 4:5); 1 Ti 5:20; Tit 3:11; 1 Pt 2:20; 1J 1:10; 2:1; 3:6, 9; 5:18; 1 Cl 4:4 (Gen 4:7); 56:13 (Job 5:24); 2 Cl 1:2; B 10:10; Hv 3, 5, 5; m 4, 1, 4f; 8; 4, 2, 2 al. Of sinning angels (En 106:14; cp. 7:5; 20:6) 2 Pt 2:4. Of the devil 1J 3:8.

ⓑ w. fuller indication of that in which the mistake or moral failure consists, by means of a supplementary ptc. (B-D-F §414, 5; cp. Hipponax [VI B.C.] 70 Diehl οὐχ ἁμαρτάνω κόπτων=I don’t miss when I strike; Jos., Ant. 3, 174; cp. Papias [2:15] cited above) ἥμαρτον παραδοὺς αἷμα ἀθῷον I have committed a sin by handing over innocent blood Mt 27:4.

ⓒ w. indication of the manner of sinning (μέχρι ἐννοίας καὶ λόγου ἁ. Iren. 1, 6, 4 [Harv. I 56, 15]) ἀνόμως ἁ. Ro 2:12; opp. ἐν νόμῳ ἁ. ibid.; ἑκουσίως ἁ. (cp. Job 31:33) Hb 10:26. Opp. εἴ τι ἄκοντες ἡμάρτετε 1 Cl 2:3 (s. ἄκων). Also w. acc. (epigr. in Demosth. 18, 289 μηδὲν ἁμαρτεῖν ἐστι θεῶν) ἁ. ἁμαρτίαν (=חָטָא חֲטָאָה; Ex 32:30f al.; cp. Soph., Phil. 1249; Pla., Phd. 113e) commit a sin 1J 5:16a; ἁμαρτίας ἁ. Hv 2, 2, 4; also τοσαῦτα Hm 9:1 (Cornutus 10 τοιαῦτα ἁ.).—ὑπὸ χεῖρα ἁ. sin repeatedly Hm 4, 3, 6 (B-D-F §232, 1).

ⓓ w. indication of the one against whom the sin is committed

α. in the dat. (M. Ant. 4, 26; 9, 4 ἑαυτῷ ἁμαρτάνει; Ps 77:17; Bar 1:13; 2:5; ApcSed 15:8) σοὶ μόνῳ ἥμαρτον against you only 1 Cl 18:4 (Ps 50:6).

β. other constructions: ἁ. εἴς τινα (Hdt. 1, 138 εἰς τὸν ἥλιον; Soph., Fgm. 21 εἰς θεούς; likew. X., Hell. 1, 7, 19; Pla., Phdr. 242c εἰς τὸ θεῖον; Jdth 5:20; 11:10; Sir 7:7; EpJer 12; ApcMos 32; Jos., Ant. 7, 320 εἰς τ. θεόν) Mt 18:21; Lk 17:4. εἰς Χριστόν 1 Cor 8:12. εἰς τοὺς ἀδελφούς ibid. (cp. Heraclitus 3 p. 188, 28 Malherbe). εἰς τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα 1 Cor 6:18 (cp. Aeschin. 1, 22).—εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν against God Lk 15:18, 21. ἁ. εἴς τινά τι (M. Ant. 7, 26; BGU 1141, 14ff [13 B.C.] ἡμάρτηκά τι εἰς σέ) Ac 25:8.

γ. ἁ. ἐνώπιόν τινος (1 Km 7:6; 20:1; Tob 3:3; TestJob 15:6; JosAs 7:5; B-D-F §214, 6): ἐνώπιόν σου Lk 15:18, 21.

ⓔ w. indication of the result ἁ. μὴ πρὸς θάνατον commit a sin that does not lead to death (like חֵטְא לָמוּת Num 18:22 λαβεῖν ἁμαρτίαν θανατηφόρον; Dt 22:26 ἁμάρτημα θανάτου) 1J 5:16b (RSeeberg, LIhmels Festschr. 1928, 19–31; OBauernfeind, VSchultze Festschr. ’31, 43–54).—EBurton, ICC Gal., 436–43; OHey, Ἁμαρτία: Philol. 83, 1928, 1–17; 137–63; FSteinleitner, D. Beicht 1913; KLatte, Schuld u. Sünde in d. griech. Rel.: ARW 20, 1921, 254–98.—DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἱερόσυλος, ον (s. prec. entry; Aristoph. et al.; Aristot., Pol. 5, 4 p. 1304a, 3f; Diod S 16, 25, 2; Plut., Sol. 17, 1; ins; 2 Macc 4:42; Jos., Bell. 1, 654, Ant. 16, 164)

① pert. to a temple robber, subst. ὁ ἱ. temple robber (Draco in Plut., Solon 17, 2; Dio Chrys. 31 [14], 82; Alciphron 3, 7, 5; Philo, De Jos. 84; Jos., Ant. 16, 168) Ac 19:37. Some (e.g., KLatte, Hlg. Recht 1920, 83ff) interpret ἱ. in this pass. to mean

② pert. to being sacrilegious, transf. sense of 1, subst. a sacrilegious person, i.e. the equivalent of a temple plunderer (SIG 578, 47ff [II B.C.] ὁ δὲ εἴπας ἢ πρήξας τι παρὰ τόνδε τὸν νόμον … ἔστω ἱερόσυλος; 1016, 8; SIG² 680, 10. S. also Menand., Dyscolus 640 ἱερόσυλε σύ=you rogue!, Epitr. 1100 S. [=742 Kö.]).—DELG s.v. συλάω. M-M. TW.