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21 PCKFM
Англо-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > PCKFM
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22 керн-функция
ж. мат. kernel function -
23 ядро булевой функции
Русско-английский словарь по электронике > ядро булевой функции
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24 ядро булевой функции
Русско-английский словарь по радиоэлектронике > ядро булевой функции
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25 функция влияния
1) Engineering: influence function2) Mathematics: dominant function, kernel3) Makarov: Green function, Green's function, fundamental function, kernel( of integral equation), nucleus (of integral equation), source function, weighting function -
26 производящий
adj. productive, producing, generating, reproducing; производящий оператор, generator; производящая функция, generating function, course-of-value function( logic); производящее ядро, reproducing kernelРусско-английский словарь математических терминов > производящий
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27 производящий
adj. productive, producing, generating, reproducing;
производящий оператор - generator;
производящая функция - generating function, course-of-value function ( logic)
производящее ядро - reproducing kernel -
28 производящий
adj.productive, producing, generating, reproducingпроизводящая функция — generating function, course-of-value function (logic)
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29 ядро булевой функции
Mathematics: kernel of Boolean functionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ядро булевой функции
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30 ядро ползучести
Makarov: (интегрального уравнения) creep kernel, creep memory function -
31 дефект
defect, defect center, ( результат повреждения) damage, (в программе, обнаруженный при структурном контроле) exposure, fault, flaw, imperfection, malformation* * *дефе́кт м.1. ( структуры вещества) defect, imperfection2. ( различных изделий и технологических процессов) defect, flawбез дефе́кта — flawless; defectlessвыявля́ть дефе́кт — bring out [expose, reveal, show up] a defectобнару́живать дефе́кт — detect a defectустана́вливать расположе́ние дефе́кта — locate a defectустраня́ть дефе́кт — rectify [correct] a defect3. полигр. incomplete fountдефе́кт аналити́ческой фу́нкции — defect of an analytic functionдефе́кт а́нти-Шо́тки — anti-Schottky defectаперту́рный дефе́кт — aperture defectдефе́кт в ко́рне сварно́го шва — root defectдефе́кт внедре́ния — interstitial defectвну́тренний дефе́кт — internal defect, internal flawдефе́кт в пло́скости листа́ метал. — laminal defectдефе́кт в твё́рдом те́ле — imperfection in a solidдефе́кт каландрова́ния — calendering defectкатио́нный дефе́кт — cation defectква́нтовый дефе́кт — quantum defectдефе́кт констру́кции — construction defectдефе́кт криста́лла — crystal defect, lattice imperfectionвызва́ть дефе́кт в криста́лле — disturb the order in a crystalдефе́кт кристалли́ческой решё́тки — (crystal-)lattice defect, lattice imperfectionдефе́кт литья́ — casting defectдефе́кт лица́ ( кожи) — grain defectsлокализо́ванный дефе́кт — spot defectмакроскопи́ческий дефе́кт — macroscopic defectдефе́кт масс яд. физ. — mass defectнару́жный дефе́кт — external defectдефе́кт отли́вки — casting defectдефе́кт от непра́вильной зали́вки метал. — pouring defectпове́рхностный дефе́кт — surface defectдефе́кт по Френе́лю — Fresnel defectдефе́кт по Фре́нкелю — Frenkel defectдефе́кт по Шо́ттки — Chottky defectдефе́кт прока́тки — rolling defectрадиацио́нный дефе́кт — radiation-induced defectрассе́янные дефе́кты — dispersed defectsдефе́кт сва́рки — welding defectскры́тый дефе́кт — hidden [latent] flawдефе́кт сно́вки — warping defectдефе́кт структу́ры — structural defectдефе́кт ти́па вака́нсия — междоу́злие — interstitial-vacancy pairто́чечный дефе́кт1. физ. point defect2. метал. pin-holeуглово́й дефе́кт мат. — angular defectуглово́й дефе́кт треуго́льника — excess of a triangleдефе́кт укла́дки физ. — stacking faultхими́ческий дефе́кт — chemical defectдефе́кт ядра́ мат. — nullity, defect of kernel -
32 Memory
To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)[Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of PsychologyIf a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat DiscouragingThe results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory
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