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101 HRAFN
* * *(-s, -ar), m. raven.* * *often spelt hramn, m. [A. S. hræfn; Engl. raven; Germ. rabe; Dan. ravn, etc.; cp. Lat. corvus, Gr. κόραξ]:—a raven, Nj. 119, Grág. ii. 346, Fms. i. 131, Hkr. iii. 11, Stj. 59, Orkn. 28, 38: allit., bíða hunds ok hrafns, Fms. viii. 210: in the sayings, sjaldsénir hvítir hrafnar, white ravens are not seen every day, of a strange appearance; þá er hart þegar einn hrafninn kroppar augun úr öðrum, it is too bad when one raven picks another’s eyes out; Guð borgar fyrir hrafninn, God pays for the raven, perhaps referring to 1 Kings xvii. and Job xxxviii. 41. The raven was a favourite with the Scandinavians, as a bird of augury and of sagacity, víða flýgr hrafn yfir grund, the raven is a far traveller; cp. the wise ravens Huginn and Muninn, the messengers of Odin, Gm., Edda; whence Odin is called hrafn-blætr, m. raven worshipper (Hallfred), and hrafn-áss, m. (Haustl.); hrafna-dróttinn or hrafna-goð, hrafn-stýrandi, a, m. lord or god of ravens; hrafn-freistaðr, m. raven friend, Húsd., Edda 126; cp. also the interesting story of the ravens of Flóki, Landn. 28 (v. l.),—hann fékk at blóti miklu ok blótaði hrafna þrjá, þá er honum skyldu leið vísa. A raven was the traditional war standard of the Danish and Norse vikings and chiefs, see Orkn. ch. 11, Nj. ch. 158, Þorst. Síðu H. ch. 2, as also the A. S. Chroniclers, e. g. the Saxon Chronicle, Asser, A. D. 878, etc. The croaking of ravens was an omen, Fagrsk. ch. 48, Sturl. 9. ch. 19, cp. Háv. 47: when heard in front of a house it betokens death, Landn. 2. ch. 33, Maurer Volksagen 170, 171: the ravens are said to hold a parliament, hrafna-þing; and metaph. a disorderly assembly was called by that name, see Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 616–621. A black horse is called Hrafn, Edda. In popular lore the raven is called krummi, q. v. Botan., hrafna-blaka and hrafna-klukka, u, f. cardamine pratensis, the ladies’ smock or cuckoo-flower, Hjalt. Pr. names of men, Hrafn, Hrafn-kell; of women, Hrefna, Hrafn-hildr: local names, Hrafna-björg, Hrafna-gjá, Hrafna-gil (whence Hrafn-gilingr, a man from H.), Hrafn-hólar, Hrafn-ista (whence Hrafnistu-menn, an old family), etc., Landn.: in poetry a warrior is styled hrafn-fæðir, -gæðir, -gælir, -greddir, -þarfr, = feeder of ravens, etc.: the blood is hrafn-vín, Lex. Poët.: a coward is hrafna-sveltir, m. raven-starver, Bs. i. -
102 HROSS
n.1) horse;2) mare.* * *m., spelt hors, Stj. 178: [A. S. hors; Engl. horse; O. H. G. hros; Germ. ross]:— a horse, Hm. 70, Grág. i. 194, 432, 433, 599, Nj. 69, Sturl. iii. 227, Gþl. 190, Eb. 106, Fb. ii. 184, 313; stóð-h., a stud-horse, steed; mer-h., a mare; áburðar-h., a hackney.2. spec. a mare, opp. to hestr, a stallion; litföróttr hestr með ljósum hrossum, Gullþ. 14, Hrafn. 6; hestr eða h., N. G. L. ii. 68; ef maðr á hest ( a stallion), þá skal hann annathvárt kaupa hross ( a mare) til, eða fá at láni, 125.COMPDS:I. hrossa-bein, n. horse bone, horse flesh, Sturl. i. 184. hrossa-beit, f. bite or grazing for horses, Jm. 20, Pm. 38. hrossa-brestr, m. a rattle. hrossa-fellir, m. loss of horses, from hunger or disease, Ann. 1313. hrossa-fúlga, u, f. fodder or pay given to keep a horse, Grág. i. 432. hrossa-fætr, m. pl. horses’ hoofs, Rb. 348; troðin undir hrossa fótum, Fas. i. 227. hrossa-gaukr, see gaukr. hrossa-geymsla, u, f. horse keeping, Grett. 91. hrossa-hús, n. a stable, Fms. i. 108, xi. 407, Grett. 91, Orkn. 218, Bs. i. 285. hrossa-höfn, f. horse-keep, horse pasture, Íb. 6. hrossa-kjöt, n. horse flesh, horse meat, Fms. i. 36. hrossa-kyn, n. horse flesh, Fas. iii. 132. hrossa-letr, n. ‘horse-letters,’ a large coarse hand-writing. hrossa-maðr, m. a groom, Þorst. Stang. 48; Kjartan kvaðsk engi vera h. ok vildi eigi þiggja, Ld. 194. hrossa-móða, u, f. the dirt and loose hairs which come off the coat of an ungroomed horse. hrossa-móðugr, adj. covered with h. hrossa-reið, f. a horse-race, horse-riding, Grág. i. 432, 438. hrossa-skella, u, f. = hrossabrestr. hrossa-slátr, n. horse meat, Nj. 164, Hkr. i. 143, Fms. x. 300. hrossa-sótt, f. horse fever, a kind of horse’s disease. hrossa-stuldr, m. horse stealing, Fms. iii. 147. hrossa-taka, u, f. id., Eb. 56. hrossa-vöndr, m. a horse-whip, Art. hrossa-þjófr, m. a horse-stealer, Hbl. 8. hrossa-þöngull, m. a kind of seaweed, fucus digitatus. hross-bak, n. horse-back, Sturl. i. 146, ii. 219, Jb. 262. hross-bein, n. a horse’s bone, Sturl. i. 184. hross-eigandi, a, m. part. a horse owner, Grág. i. 437. hross-fellir, n. = hrossafellir. hross-fjöldi, a, m. a drove of horses, Glúm. 316. hross-fóðr, m. horse-fodder, N. G. L. i. 240. hross-gjöf, f. the gift of a horse, Sturl. i. 155. hross-görsemi, f. a ‘treasure of a horse,’ a valuable horse, Bs. i. 633. hross-hali, a, m. a horse’s tail, Fms. ix. 18. hross-hauss, m. a horse’s head, Fas. ii. 300: as a term of abuse, afgamall h. hross-hár, n. horse-hair. Hrosshárs-grani, a, m. one of the names of Odin, prob. from wearing a frock or hekla of horse-hair, hross-hófr, m. a horse’s hoof, Al. 156. hross-hvalr, m. [A. S. horshwæl = horse-whale; the Germ. form being wall-ross; Engl. wal-rus], a walrus, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 30 new Ed., Korm. 164, K. Þ. K. 138: ropes of walrus skin (svörðr) were used of old for rigging ships, see king Alfred’s Orosius. hross-höfuð, n. = hrosshauss, Eg. 389. hross-íss, m. (= hrossheldr íss), horse-ice, i. e. ice safe to ride on, Sturl. iii. 21. hross-klyf, f. a horse pack, Karl. 382. hross-lifr, f. a horse’s liver, Hkr. i. 144. hross-nautn, f. using a horse, Grág. i. 432, 441. hross-reið, f. horse-riding, a horse-race, Grág. i. 432, 433, 442. hross-rófa, u, f. a horse’s tail, Fas. iii. 473. hross-síða, u, f. a horse’s side, Orkn. 12. hross-spell, n. the damaging a horse, N. G. L. i. 176. hross-tagl, n. a horse’s tail, Art. hross-tönn, f. a horse’s tooth. hross-verð, n. the worth of a horse, Grág. i. 434, Jb. 273. hross-þjófr, m. a horse-stealer: name of a giant, Hdl. hross-æta, u, f. an eater of horse flesh, which by the old eccl. law might not be eaten.II. in pr. names, Hross-kell, Hross-björn, Landn.: local name, Hross-ey, in the Orkneys. -
103 SMIÐR
(-s; pl. -ar and -ir), m. smith, wright, worker in metal or wood.* * *m., gen. smiðs, old plur. smiðar, acc. smiða; thus goll-smiðar, goll-smiða, smiðarnir, Mar. (xxxvi, xxxvii, in an old vellum fragment); but smiðir, 733 sqq. l. c.; smiðar, Hkr. i. 293; acc. smiða, 185, Grág. i. 149: the mod. usage is smiðir, smiði: the acc. smiðu, Stj. 362, l. 3, Fms. ix. 377, is less correct: [Ulf. smiþa; A. S. smið; Engl. smith; Dan.-Swed. smed; Germ. schmied]:—a smith, craftsman, wright, of workers in metals and wood, ship or house-building; járn-s., tré-s., stein-s., gull-s., skip-s., knarrar-s., skó-s., skepti-s., höfuð-s., frum-s., q. v.; himna-s., the artificer of the heavens, Fbr.; þá kom þar s. nokkurr ok bauð at göra þeim borg, Edda 25, 26, Fms. ix. 55; hann var stafna-s. at skipinu, Hkr. i. 293; vóru þá smiðar þar áðr komnir, id., Fms. v. 74; ens hæsta smiðs, Greg. 20, Eluc. 7; ú skulu smiðir fé taka, Gþl. 80; smiðar þeir er hús göra, Grág. i. 149; fá smiða til at skíra silfrit, Hkr. i. 185: the saying, fár er smiðr í fyrsta sinni, none is ‘smith’ (master) the first time; and leggja smiðs-höggið á e-ð, to give the smith’s stroke, the master’s stroke, i. e. the finish to a thing; smiðir hafa spánu versta, smiths have the worst spoons (speaking of ornamental spoons), i. e. smiths keep the worst for their own use.II. Smiðr, a nickname and pr. name, Landn. (cp. Rm. 21, Ann. 1362, Engl. Smith); Smið-kell, Smið-Skeggi, Landn. -
104 STEINN
* * *(-s, -ar), m.1) stone, boulder, rock (s. einn mikill);2) precious stone (bitullinn var settr steinum);4) paint (skip teint bæði hvítum steini ok rauðum);* * *m. [a word common to all Teut. languages], a stone, N. G. L. i. 65; meistari á stein, Barl. 167; steinn einn mikill, Fms. viii. 8, passim: a boulder, rock, stein at lýja járn við. Eg. 141: allit., stokkar eða steinar, Grág. ii. 132, Fb. ii. 102; gengr mark fyrir neðan ór steinum þeim er heita Klofningar, D. I. i. 471; dyrnar á steininum lukusk, Fas i. 514: of a gem (gim-steinn), Js. 78, Þkv. 16, 19, Ó. H. 30; settr steinum, Eg. 698; altaris-steinn, Vm. 37; leiðar-s., sólar-s., a loadstone: stones used for warming rooms, ok hófðu hvárki á því kveldi ljós né steina, Eb. 276; cp. mjólk var heit ok vóru á steinar, Lv. 70: dragging stones as a punishment, see Sól. (draga dreyrga steina); draga stein ok vera útlægr, N. G. L. iii. 16, 210. but it is of foreign origin.2. metaph. phrases; verða milli steins ok sleggju, between the ‘stone and the sledge-hammer’ (stones being used for anvils). Fas. i. 34; taka stein, or kasta steini um megn sér, to throw too heavy a stone for one’s strength, to break down, Fær. 58, Eg. 473; þykkir ekki ór steini hefja (see hefja), Gísl. 54; ljósta e-n íllum steini, to hit with an evil stone, hit hard, Glúm, (see the verse); steins hljóð, stone-silence, dead silence.II. spec, usages, a cell for an anchoret, Fms. x. 373; setjask í stein, Nj. 268, Grett. 162, Trist.; gefa sik í stein, Játv. ch. 8; sitja í helgum steini.III. medic. stone, gravel, in the bladder, Pr. 472, Bs. i. 123, 644.IV. pr. names; Steini, Steinarr, Steinn, Stein-björn, Stein-finnr, Stein-grímr, Stein-kell ( the stone-font for sacrifices), Stein-ólfr, Stein-móðr, Stein-röðr, Stein-þórr: of women, Stein-unn, Stein-vör: and in the latter part, Hall-steinn, Þór-steinn, Vé-steinn ( the Holy stone for sacrifices), Her-steinn, Há-steinn, Ey-steinn, Út-steinn, Inn-steinn, etc., Landn.: and in local names, Steinar, etc.; Dverga-steinn.B. COMPDS, of stone: stein-altari, a stone-altar, Stj.; stein-bogi, q. v.; stein-borg, a stone-castle, Fms. x. 154; stein-garðr, a stone-wall, Str. 6; stein-dyrr, stone-doors, Vsp.; stein-gólf, a stone-floor, Stj., Fms. vi. 440; stein-hjarta, a heart of stone, Mar.; stein-hurð, a stone-hurdle, Fas. iii. 213; stein-hús, a stone-house, Fms. x. 154, v. l.; stein-höll, a stone-hall, 153, Nj. 6 (where it is an anachronism), Hkr. iii. 62; stein-kastali, a stone-castle, Sks. 423, Orkn. 318; stein-ker, a stone-vessel, Stj. 268; stein-ketill, a stone-kettle, Ó. H. 223; stein-kirkja, a stone-church, Fms. vi. 440, ix. 535, x. 409 (11th and 12th centuries), Bs. i. 32 (Kristni S. fine); stein-kjallari, a stone-cellar, B. K. 103; stein-knífr, a stone-knife, Stj. 117, 261; stein-topt, a stone-floor, Str. 70; stein-musteri, a stone-minster, Fms. vii. 100, Orkn. 258; stein-múrr, a stone-wall, Fms. ix. 434, x. 153; stein-nökkvi, a stone-boat, Fas. ii. 231, Bárð. 164 (of a giant in a tale); stein-ofn, a stone-oven, Bs. i. 830 (Laur. S.); stein-ráfr, a stone-roof, Mar.; stein-sker, a rock, Fms. viii. 367, v. l.; stein-smiði, stone work, stone implements, Íb. ch. 6; stein-spjald, a stone-tablet, Sks. 671, Ám. 46; stein-stólpi, a stone-pillar, Fms. i. 137; stein-súla, id., 655 xxviii. 1; stein-tabula, a stone-tablet, Stj. 311; stein-veggr, a stone-wall, Fms. vii. 64; stein-virki, id., Sks. 415; stein-þildr, stone-wainscotted, Str. 75; stein-þró, q. v.; stein-ör, a stone-arrow, Fas. ii. 260. -
105 ÚLFR
(-s, -ar), m. wolf; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves for one, plan mischief (spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa); fig. enemy.* * *m., úlf-gi, Ls. 39; [Ulf. wulfs; A. S. and Hel. wulf; Engl.-Germ. wolf; North. E. Ulf-, in pr. names, Ulpha, Ulverston; Dan.-Swed. ulv; cp. Lat. lupus and vulpes; Gr. λύκος]:—a wolf, Grág. ii. 122; lýsa þar vígi, … kallask hvárki úlfr né björn nema svá heiti hann, N. G. L. i. 6l; úlfa þytr mér þótti íllr vera hjá söngvi svana, Edda (in a verse); úlfa hús, wolf-pits, Gþl. 457: freq. in poets, where ‘to feed the wolf,’ ‘cheer the wolf’ are standing phrases, see Lex. Poët.: a warrior is hence called úlf-brynnandi, -gæðandi, -grennir, -nestir, -seðjandi, -teitir, i. e. the refresher, cheerer, … gladdener of the wolf; úlf-vín, wolf’s wine, i. e. blood, Lex. Poët.2. sayings, fæðisk úlfr í skógi, the wolf is born in the wood, Mkv.; etask af úlfs munni, and úlfar eta annars eyrindi, see eta (2. δ); eigi hygg ek okkr vera úlfa dæmi, at vér mynim sjálfir um sakask, Hðm. 30; fangs er ván at frekum úlfi, see fang (III. 4); auðþekktr er úlfr í röð; þar er mér úlfs ván er ek eyru sé’k, I know the wolf when I see the ears, Fm. 35, Finnb. 244; hafa úlf undir bægi, evidently from the fable of the wolf in sheep’s clothes; sem úlfr í sauða dyn, Sd. 164; ala e-m úlfa, to breed wolves to one, brood over evil; spyr ek þat frá, at Danir muni enn ala oss úlfa, Fms. viii. 303, Kormak; sýna úlfs ham, to appear to a person in a wolf’s skin, i. e. savagely; eigi heldr þykkisk eg honum eðr öðrum fátækum prestum þann úlfs ham sýnt hafa, at þeir megi eigi mér opinbera neyð sína, H. E. iii. 438 (in a letter of bishop Gudbrand); hafa úlfs hug við e-n, má vera at Guðrúnu þykki hann úlfs hug við okkr hafa, Fas. i. 211; skala úlf ala ungan lengi, Skv. 3. 12; annas barn er sem úlf at frjá, Mkv.; úlfr er í ungum syni, Sdm. 35: for legends of were-wolves cp. Völs. S. ch. 8.3. úlfa þytr, howling; þær báðu honum ílls á móti, var inn mesti úlfa þytr ( wailing) til þeirra at heyra, Grett. 98; finnr Sigmundr menn ok lét úlfs röddu, Fas. i. 131; úlfum líkir þykkja allir þeir sem eiga hverfan hug, Sól. 31.II. in poets, wolves are the ‘steeds’ on which witches ride through the air during the night, Edda. At nightfall wizards were supposed to change their shape, hence the nickname kveld-úlfr, evening wolf, of a were-wolf; in Icel. the fretful mood caused by sleepiness in the evening is called kveld-úlfr; thus the ditty, Kveldúlfr er kominn hér | kunnigr innan gátta | sólin líðr sýnisk mér | senn er mál að hátta, Icel. Almanack 1870; or, Kveldúlfr er kominn í kerlinguna mína, the evening wolf has entered my child, a lullaby, Sveinb. Egilsson’s Poems, cp. en dag hvern er at kveldi kom, þá görðisk hann styggr, svá at fáir menn máttu orðum við hann koma; hann var kveld-svæfr, þat var mál manna at hann væri mjök hamramr, hann var kallaðr Kveldúlfr, Eg. ch. 1. In the mythology there is the wolf Fenrir, Edda; whence Úlfs-bági, the ‘Wolf’s foe’ = Odin, Stor.; Úlfs-faðir, the Wolf’s father = Loki, Ls.: mock suns were imagined to be wolves persecuting the sun, Gm. 37; hence in popular Icel., úlfa-kreppa, u, f. ‘wolf-strait,’ when the sun is surrounded by four mock suns (sól í úlfa kreppu), Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 658.III. freq. in pr. names, Úlfr, Úlfarr, Úlf-hamr, Úlf-héðinn, Úlf-ljótr, Úlf-kell; women, Úlf-hildr, Úlf-eiðr, Úlf-rún; esp. as the latter part in men’s names, being then sounded (and often spelt) -ólfr, Ás-ólfr, Auð-ólfr, Bót-ólfr, Brynj-ólfr, Björg-ólfr, Eyj-ólfr, Grím-ólfr, Ing-ólfr, Ís-ólfr, Herj-ólfr, Þór-ólfr, Þjóð-ólfr, Stein-ólfr, Rún-ólfr, Ljót-ólfr, Örn-ólfr, Móð-úlfr, etc.: contracted are, Snjólfr = Snæ-úlfr, Hrólfr = Hróð-úlfr, Sjólfr = Sæ-úlfr, Bjólfr = Bý-úlfr = A. S. Beowulf (Bee-wolf, i. e. honey-thief, a name of the bear, from popular tales, in which the bear, being fond of honey, is made to rob hives; the name has of late been thus explained by Mr. Sweet). -
106 VÉ
I)n.1) mansion, house; byggja vé goða, to dwell in the homes of the gods;2) temple, sanctuary (vega víg í véum).n. pl. standard (poet.).* * *n. [a form vés would answer to Ulf. weihs or wehs, n. = κώμη, ἀγρός; Hel. uuih = templum; the identity of this word with the Lat. vicus and Gr. οικος is indubitable, the abbreviation being analogous to fé and pecu; whereas Goth. weihs = holy is prop. a different root word, see vígja; for the double sense of Lat. aedes and templum does not depend on the etymology, but is analogous to what has taken place in the word hof, q. v.]A. A mansion, house, Lat. aedes, this is the original sense, then a sanctuary, temple, cp. hof; til vés heilags, to the holy mansion, Hdl. 1; alda vé, the home of men, i. e. the earth, Hm. 107; Út-vé, Üt-garðr, the outer-mansion, of the outskirt of the earth, where the giants live, Þd.; ginnunga vé, the mansion of the gods, the heavens, Haustl. 15; byggja vé goða, to dwell in the homes of the gods, Vþm. 51; hapta vé, the places of gods = holy places, Vellekla; vé mána, the moon’s mansion, i. e. the heavens, Edda i. 330 (in a verse); valda véum, to rule house, dwell, reside, Gm. 13; svá mikils virðu goðin vé sín ok griða-staði, at eigi vildu þau saurga þá með blóði úlfsins, Edda 20; öll Vandils-vé, the land of V., Hkv. 2. 33: allit., vé ok vangr, frá mínum véum ok vöngum skolu þér æ jafnan köld ráð koma (sec vangr), Ls. 51.II. a temple; öll vé banda, all the temples of the gods, and hapta vé, id., Vellekla; granda véum, to violate the temples, Hkr. i. (in a verse); vés valdr, the lord of the vé, i. e. lord of the county, or = temple-lord (?), an epithet applied to the Earl Sigurd, Kormak.2. the law phrase, vega víg í véum, to slay a man in a sanctuary (a temple, an assembly, or the like); hann vá víg í véum ok varð útlægr, Landn. 80; Özurr vá víg í véum á Upplöndum, þá er hann váf í brúðför með Sigurði hrisa, fyrir þat varð hann landflótti til Íslands, 304; Erpr lútandi vá víg í véum ok var ætlaðr til dráps, Skáldatal 252; vargr í véum (see vargr), Fms. xi. 40; Eyvindr hafði vegit í véum ok var hann vargr orðinn, Eg. 259: also in the obscure passage, Grág., Þ.Þ. ch. 24, ‘um vés úti,’ perh. ‘um vés útan,’ = outside the court, absent from court, of a judge prevented through sickness from being in his place in court, Grág. (Kb.) i. 76, l. 3.B. Vé, in local names, Vé-björg = Vi-borg in Denmark, Fms.; Vis-torf, Thork. Dipl.: Véar, f. pl. (like Torgar, Nesjar), Munch’s Norg. Beskriv.: Vé-ey, an island in Romsdal in Norway, Edda ii. 492; Óðins-vé = Odense in Funen in Denmark, Fms. xi. (never in Icel. local names): freq. in mod. Dan. and Swed. local names, Vi-um, Vi-bæí, Vi-lund, Vis-by.II. in names of persons, either from vé = aedes or from vé = Goth. weihs = holy, thus, e. g. Vé-laug may be = Heim-laug, which name also occurs: Vé-geirr (hann var kallaðr Végeirr því at hann var blótmaðr mikill), Landn. 149: Vé-gestr, Vé-dís, Vé-mundr (all these names in the same family), Landn.; as also, Vé-garðr, Vé-kell, Vé-brandr, Vé-freyðr, Vé-laug, Vé-leifr, Vé-ný, id.: or as in Véþ-ormr, Véþ-orn; cp. Widu-ric, Widu-kind, Wodu-rid, and other similar old Teut. pr. names. -
107 ÞÓRR
m. the god Thor.* * *m., gen. Þórs, dat. and acc. Þór, but Þóri dat., Bragi; in Runic inscriptions spelt Þur; [A. S. þunor; Engl. thunder; North. E. thunner; Dutch donder; O. H. G. donar; Germ. donner; Hel. thunar; Dan. Tor, in tor-den; cp. Lat. tŏno and tonitrus; the word Þór-r is therefore formed by absorption of the middle n, and contraction of an older dissyllabic Þonor into one syllable, and is a purely Scandinavian form; hence in A. S. charters or diplomas it is a sure sign of forgery when names compd with þur- appear in deeds pretending to be of a time earlier than the Danish invasion in the 9th century; although in later times they abound; the Engl. Thurs-day is a later form, in which the phonetic rule of the Scandin. tongue has been followed; perh. it is a North. E. form. There is a short essay by Jacob Grimm on the etymology of this word.]A. The god Thor, the god of thunder, keeper of the hammer, the ever-fighting slayer of trolls and destroyer of evil spirits, the friend of mankind, the defender of the earth, the heavens, and the gods, for without Thor and his hammer the earth would become the helpless prey of the giants. He was the consecrator, the hammer being the cross or holy sign of the ancient heathen, hence the expressive phrase on a heathen Danish Runic stone, Þurr vigi þassi runar, ‘Thor, consecrate these Runes!’ Rafn 193. Thor was the son of mother Earth; blunt, hot-tempered, without fraud or guile, of few words and ready stroke,—such was Thor, the favourite deity of the ancients. The finest legends of the Edda, - and the best lays (the lays of Hymir, Thrym, and Harbard) refer to Thor, see the Edda passim, Eb. the first chapters—hann varðveitti þar í eyinni Þórs-hof, ok var mikill vin Þórs, … hann gékk til fréttar við Þór ástvin sinn …, Eb.; Helgi var blandinn í trú, hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206. For a head of Thor carved on the high-seat pillars, see Eb., Fbr.: or on a talisman, Fs. 97.B. COMPDS OF PROPER NAMES.—The name of Thor has always been thought to sound well, and is much used in pr. names; (hann átti) son er Steinn hét, þann svein gaf Þórólfr Þór vin símim ok kallaði Þorstein, Eb.; uncompd only in the form Þórir of a man, Þóra of a woman, but common in compds, where in mod. usage the vowel is sounded long before a vowel, and before b and d, elsewhere short, but in old times it was no doubt ó throughout;—thus, as a prefix, Þór-álfr, Þórólfr, Þórarr, Þór-arinn, Þór-oddr, Þór-haddr, Þór-halli, Þór-hallr; but Þor-bergr, Þor-björn, Þor-brandr, Þor-finnr, Þor-gautr, Þor-geirr, Þor-gestr (Þórgestlingar, the family of Th., Eb.), Þor-grímr, Þor-gils, Þor-gnýr, Þor-kell (qs. Þorketill), Þor-lákr (sounded Þollákr, Bs. i. 356, l. 18, and so in mod. usage), Þor-leifr, Þor-leikr, Þor-ljótr, Þor-móðr, Þor-mundr (Dan. Runic stone), Þor-steinn (sounded Þosteinn, and often, spelt so in later vellums), Þor-valdr, Þor-varðr, Þór-viðr; of women, Þór-ey, Þór-arna, Þor-finna, Þor-gríma, Þor-gunna, Þór-halla, Þór-hildr, Þór-unn, Þór-dís, Þor-gerðr, Þor-björg, Þor-katla, Þór-ný, Þor-veig, Þór-vör. 2. as a suffix. -Þórr, -Þóra, -dórr, -dóra; Arn-órr, qs. Arn-þórr and Arn-óra, Stein-dórr, Hall-dórr and Hall-dóra, Berg-þórr and Berg-þóra, Ey-þórr and Ey-þóra, Haf-þórr. Of all these names, three demand special mention, viz. Þórðr, being a contr. qs. Þór-røðr (as Bárðr = Bár-röðr), the old uncontr. form occurs in poems of the 10th century, e. g. Þórröðr vinon óra, Korm. 132; so Sighvat calls his own father Þórröðr (dissyll.). yet he makes it rhyme as if contracted (Þorröðr er var forðum), so Þ orðr sk orðu, Bjarn. (in a verse): the other name is Þuríðr, a fem. name, a weakened form for Þóríðr, Íb. 363 (qs. Þór-ríðr, like Sig-ríðr); thirdly, Þyri, a fem. name, weakened from Þór-vé, or still older Þór-veig, mod. Dan. Thyra, see Landn. 309; Þurvi (Þiurvi), gen. Þurviar, on Runic stones.II. in local names, Þórs-mörk, Þórs-nes, Þórs-á, Landn., Eb.; whence Þórs-nes-ingar, the men from Th., Landn.; and Þórs-ness-lönd, -þing, Eb., Landn., Korm.: Þórsnesinga-goðord, Landn., Eb., Sturl.: Þórs-engi, n., i. e. Þórs-vengi, = Thaasinge in Fünen, Denmark.C. COMPDS: Þórsdagr, Þórshani, Þórshof. -
108 Zimmerkellner
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109 матрица факторных коэффициентов
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > матрица факторных коэффициентов
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110 поправочный коэффициент
1. coefficient of correction2. correction factorРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > поправочный коэффициент
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111 азотный коэффициент
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112 матрица факторных коэффициентов
Русско-английский научный словарь > матрица факторных коэффициентов
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113 безразмерный коэффициент
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > безразмерный коэффициент
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114 обмоточный коэффициент
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > обмоточный коэффициент
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115 переводной коэффициент
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > переводной коэффициент
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116 масштабный коэффициент
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > масштабный коэффициент
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117 коэффициент
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > коэффициент
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118 группы крови
группы крови
Иммуногенетические признаки крови, обусловливающие специфику агглютинации эритроцитов, анализируемой при смешении крови различных особей; в настоящее время у человека известны многочисленные системы Г.к. (см. ABO, Bombay, Duffy, Dombrock, Kell, Kidd, Lewis, Auberger, Lutheran, M-N, P blood groups); свойство Г.к. стабильность на протяжении всей жизни (при формировании в раннем онтогенезе); впервые Г.к. обнаружены у человека К. Ландштейнером в 1900.
[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > группы крови
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