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(РФ, Калужская обл.) Kaluga -
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—1. LAT Huso dauricus (Georgi)2. RUS калуга f3. ENG kaluga, great Siberian sturgeon4. DEU Kalugahausen m, Sibirischer Hausen m5. FRA — -
25 Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowski), Konstantin Eduardovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 17 September 1857 (5 September 1857, Old Style) Izhevskoye, Russiad. 19 September 1935 Kaluga, Russia.[br]Russian pioneer space theorist.[br]The son of a Polish lumberjack who had settled in Russia, Tsiolkovsky was a largely self-educated schoolteacher who was practically deaf from childhood. In spite of this handicap, he studied the problems of space and spaceflight and arrived at most of the correct theoretical solutions. In 1883 he noted that the gas escaping from a vehicle moving into space would drive the containing vehicle away from it. He wrote a remarkable series of technical articles and papers including, in 1903, a seminal article, "Exploration of Space with Reactive Devices". His aerodynamic experiments did not receive any significant recognition from the Academy of Sciences, and his design for an all-metal dirigible was largely ignored at the 1914 Aeronautics Congress in St Petersburg. However, from the inception of the Soviet Union until his death, Tsiolkovsky continued his research with state support, and on 9 November 1921 he was granted a pension for life by the Council of the People's Commissars. He has rightly been described as the "Grandfather of Spaceflight" and as a fine theoretical engineer who established most of the principles upon which rocket technology is based.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsElected to the Socialist Academy (later the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) 1919.Further ReadingT.Osman, 1983, Space History, London: Michael Joseph.R.Spangenburg and D.Moser, 1990, Space People, New York: Facts on File.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowski), Konstantin Eduardovich
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1. LAT Huso dauricus (Georgi)2. RUS калуга f3. ENG kaluga, great Siberian sturgeon4. DEU Kalugahausen m, Sibirischer Hausen m5. FRA —
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См. также в других словарях:
Kaługa — may refer to *Kaluga, a city in Russia *Kaługa, Kuyavian Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in north central Poland … Wikipedia
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Kaluga [1] — Kaluga, Gouvernement in Großrußland (s. Karte »Mittleres Rußland«), grenzt im N. und NO. an das Gouv. Moskau, im O. an Tula, im S. an Orel, im W. an Smolensk und hat ein Areal von 30,929 qkm (561,6 QM.). Das Land bildet eine einförmige,… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Kaluga [2] — Kaluga, Hauptstadt des gleichnamigen russ. Gouvernements (s. oben), am linken Ufer der Oka und an der Jatschenka gelegen, Knotenpunkt der Eisenbahnen Sysran Wjasma und Moskau Brjansk Kiew, hat 37 griechisch orthodoxe, 2 römisch kath. Kirchen, 3… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Kalúga — Kalúga, Gouvernement im mittleren Europ. Rußland, 30.930 qkm, 1.185.726 E. Die Hauptstadt K., am Einfluß der Jatschenka in die Oka, 49.728 E … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Kaluga — Kaluga, Gouvernement im europ. Rußland, zwischen Moskau, Smolensk, Tula und Orel, 573 QM. groß mit 1025000 E., ist eben, fruchtbar, gut angebaut, mitschönen Waldungen. Die Hauptstadt K. am Einfluß der Kaluschka in die Oka, ist Sitz eines Bischofs … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Kaluga — [kə lo͞o′gə] city in WC European Russia, on the Oka: pop. 347,000 … English World dictionary
Kaluga — Infobox Russian city EnglishName=Kaluga RussianName=Калуга Skyline SkylineLegend LatDeg=54 LatMin=33 LatSec LonDeg=36 LonMin=17 LonSec LocatorMap LocatorMapLegend CityDay=Second Saturday of September FederalSubject=Kaluga Oblast MunStatus=Urban… … Wikipedia
Kaluga — Stadt Kaluga Калуга Flagge Wappen … Deutsch Wikipedia
Kaluga — Калуга Kaluga Bandera … Wikipedia Español
Kaluga — Kalouga Kalouga Калуга … Wikipédia en Français