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81 pump
pumpaccelerationspump; primer pumpbränslepump; fuel pumpcentrifugalpump; centrifugal pump, impeller pump, rotary pumpdiafragmapump; diaphragm pumpduplexpump; duplex pumpflerstegspump; multistage pumpgodspump; sand pumpgroppump; down-the-hole pump, submerged pump, sump pumpinsprutningspump; injection pumpinvallningspump; draining pumpkedjepump; paternoster pumpklaffventilpump; flap-valve pumpkolvpump; piston pump, plunger pumpkoncentratpump; slurry pumpkylvätskepump; coolant pumpmembranpump; diaphragm pump, membrane pump, surge pumpreglerbar pump; adjustable discharge pumpreservpump; stand by pumpsandpump; sand pumpslampump; sludge pump, slimes pump, sludgerstrålpump; jet pumpstångpump; beam pumpsugpump; lift pump, lifting pump, suction pumptryckpump; force pumpvakuumpump; vacuum pumpvingpump; vane pump -
82 подъемный реактивный двигатель
( для вертикального взлета) lift jet engineРусско-английский политехнический словарь > подъемный реактивный двигатель
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83 Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)
[br]b. 8 February 1825 Paris, Franced. 14 April 1882 Paris, France[br]French pioneer of airships and balloons, inventor of an injector for steam-boiler feedwater.[br]Giffard entered the works of the Western Railway of France at the age of 16 but became absorbed by the problem of steam-powered aerial navigation. He proposed a steam-powered helicopter in 1847, but he then turned his attention to an airship. He designed a lightweight coke-burning, single-cylinder steam engine and boiler which produced just over 3 hp (2.2 kW) and mounted it below a cigar-shaped gas bag 44 m (144 ft) in length. A triangular rudder was fitted at the rear to control the direction of flight. On 24 September 1852 Giffard took off from Paris and, at a steady 8 km/h (5 mph), he travelled 28 km (17 miles) to Trappes. This can be claimed to be the first steerable lighter-than-air craft, but with a top speed of only 8 km/h (5 mph) even a modest headwind would have reduced the forward speed to nil (or even negative). Giffard built a second airship, which crashed in 1855, slightly injuring Giffard and his companion; a third airship was planned with a very large gas bag in order to lift the inherently heavy steam engine and boiler, but this was never built. His airships were inflated by coal gas and refusal by the gas company to provide further supplies brought these promising experiments to a premature end.As a draughtsman Giffard had the opportunity to travel on locomotives and he observed the inadequacies of the feed pumps then used to supply boiler feedwater. To overcome these problems he invented the injector with its series of three cones: in the first cone (convergent), steam at or below boiler pressure becomes a high-velocity jet; in the second (also convergent), it combines with feedwater to condense and impart high velocity to it; and in the third (divergent), that velocity is converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the pressure of steam in the boiler. The injector, patented by Giffard, was quickly adopted by railways everywhere, and the royalties provided him with funds to finance further experiments in aviation. These took the form of tethered hydrogen-inflated balloons of successively larger size. At the Paris Exposition of 1878 one of these balloons carried fifty-two passengers on each tethered "flight". The height of the balloon was controlled by a cable attached to a huge steam-powered winch, and by the end of the fair 1,033 ascents had been made and 35,000 passengers had seen Paris from the air. This, and similar balloons, greatly widened the public's interest in aeronautics. Sadly, after becoming blind, Giffard committed suicide; however, he died a rich man and bequeathed large sums of money to the State for humanitarian an scientific purposes.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCroix de la Légion d'honneur 1863.Bibliography1860, Notice théorique et pratique sur l'injecteur automoteur.1870, Description du premier aérostat à vapeur.Further ReadingDictionnaire de biographie française.Gaston Tissandier, 1872, Les Ballons dirigeables, Paris.—1878, Le Grand ballon captif à vapeur de M. Henri Giffard, Paris.W.de Fonvielle, 1882, Les Ballons dirigeables à vapeur de H.Giffard, Paris. Giffard is covered in most books on balloons or airships, e.g.: Basil Clarke, 1961, The History of Airships, London. L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London.Ian McNeill (ed.), 1990, An Encyclopaedia of the History of Technology, London: Routledge, pp. 575 and 614.J.T.Hodgson and C.S.Lake, 1954, Locomotive Management, Tothill Press, p. 100.PJGR / JDSBiographical history of technology > Giffard, Baptiste Henry Jacques (Henri)
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84 Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 August 1740 Vidalon-lès-Annonay, Franced. 26 June 1810 Balaruc-les-Bains, France[br]French ballooning pioneer who, with his brother Jacques-Etienne (b. 6 January 1745 Vidalon-lès-Annonay, France; d. 2 August 1799, Serriers, France), built the first balloon to carry passengers on a "free" flight.[br]Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier were papermakers of Annonay, near Lyon. Joseph made the first experiments' after studying smoke rising from a fire and assuming that the smoke contained a gas which was lighter than air: of course, this lighter-than-air gas was just hot air. Using fine silk he made a small balloon with an aperture in its base, then, by burning paper beneath this aperture, he filled the balloon with hot air and it rose to the ceiling. Jacques-Etienne joined his brother in further experiments and they progressed to larger hot-air balloons until, by October 1783, they had constructed one large enough to lift two men on tethered ascents. In the same month Joseph-Michel delivered a paper at the University of Lyon on his experiments for a propulsive system by releasing gas through an opening in the side of a balloon; unfortunately, there was not enough pressurefor an effective jet. Then, on 21 November 1783, the scientist Pilâtre de Rozier and the Marquis d'Arlandes ascended on a "free" flight in a Montgolfier balloon. They departed from the grounds of a château in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris on what was to be the world's first aerial journey, covering 9 km (5/2 miles) in 25 minutes.Ballooning became a popular spectacle with initial rivalry between the hot-air Montgolfières and the hydrogen-filled Charlières of J.A.C. Charles. Interest in hot-air balloons subsided, but was revived in the 1960s by an American, Paul E. Yost. His propane-gas burner to provide hot-air was a great advance on the straw-burning fire-basket of the Montgolfiers.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur.Further ReadingC.C.Gillispie, 1983, The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation 1783–1784, Princeton, NJ (one of the publications to commemorate the bicentenary of the Montgolfiers).L.T.C.Rolt, 1966, The Aeronauts, London (describes the history of balloons). C.Dollfus, 1961, Balloons, London.JDSBiographical history of technology > Montgolfier, Joseph-Michel
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85 высота подачи насоса
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > высота подачи насоса
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86 низконапорный насос
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > низконапорный насос
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87 выпустит закрылки
1. extend the flaps2. extending flaps3. lower the flaps4. lowering the flapsАвиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > выпустит закрылки
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88 отклонит закрылки
1. deflected flap2. lower flaps3. lowering flapsАвиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > отклонит закрылки
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89 отклонение закрылка
1. flap setting2. trailing-edge flap deflectionАвиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > отклонение закрылка
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90 поток разреженного газа
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > поток разреженного газа
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91 самолет с газотурбинными двигателями
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с газотурбинными двигателями
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92 самолет с двумя реактивными двигателями
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с двумя реактивными двигателями
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93 самолет с двумя турбовинтовыми двигателями
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с двумя турбовинтовыми двигателями
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94 самолет с заглохшим двигателем
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с заглохшим двигателем
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95 самолет с отклоняемой струей газов двигателя
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с отклоняемой струей газов двигателя
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96 самолет с подъемными двигателями
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с подъемными двигателями
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97 самолет с подъемно-маршевым двигателем
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с подъемно-маршевым двигателем
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98 самолет с ракетным двигателем
Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > самолет с ракетным двигателем
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99 убирать закрылки
1. retract the flap2. retracting flaps3. retracting flap4. retract the flaps5. retracting the flapsАвиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > убирать закрылки
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100 вентилятор
вентилятор сущ1. blower2. fan вентилятор в кольцевом обтекателеduct fanвентилятор двигателяengine fanвентилятор для создания подъемной силыlift fanвентилятор обдува стеколdemisting fanвентилятор системы охлажденияcooling fanканал вентилятораfan discharge ductмалошумный вентиляторsilent fanмеханизм реверса воздушного потока вентилятораfan jet reverserодноступенчатый вентиляторsingle-stage fanокружная скорость лопатки вентилятораfan tip speedстворка - решетка вентилятораfan cascadeстворка решетки вентилятора1. fan cascade door2. fan cascade cover турбина вентилятораfan turbineтяговый вентиляторpropfanузел вентилятораfan section
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