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1 THREE
neldë (the “Qenya” form olë in LT1:258 apparently did not survive into Tolkien’s later Quenya). Tolkien used neldë to illustrate the syntax of numerals “from…3 onwards”: The numeral follows the noun, which also receives any case endings, and the numeral is indeclinable: eleni neldë “three stars”, genitive elenion neldë “of three stars”. – In older usage, the noun would appear in the genitive plural, so that “three stars” would be elenion neldë (literally, three of stars) and case endings would be added to the numeral, so that genitive “of three stars” would be elenion neldëo; notice that the numeral inflects as a singular noun. –NEL, SA:neldor, VT47:11, VT48:6, VT49:45 -
2 STAR
elen (normal pl eleni, but occasionally †eldi in verse; allative elenna and pl ablative elenillor are attested), †él (pl. éli is mentioned), tinwë (properly = sparkle), ílë. (Note: in Etym elen is said to be poetic, but Tolkien later concluded that elen was "the normal word for a star on the actual firmanent", the poetic word being él instead. According to MR:388, a tinwë was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor, also called nillë or "silver glint". Etym mentions the words ellen and elena without glossing them, but according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective meaning "of the stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya, tingilindë, HAVING MANY STARS lintitinwë; STARLIKE elvëa (pl. elvië is attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna or Elennanórë, "the land named Starwards", a name of Númenor); STARLIGHT silmë (light of Silpion); STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm:42; Etym has Elerína); STAR-QUEEN (=Varda), STARLIT DUSK, STARRY TWILIGHT tindómë; FLASHING OR [?STARRY] LIGHT élë See also *STELLAR. The word Tintánië is glossed STARMAKER as another title of Varda, but it is also interpreted as an abstract STARMAKING. –EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317, LotR:1157, LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438, VT45:12, TAN/VT46:17 -
3 ELF-FRIEND
Elendil (actually meaning *"star-friend". Tolkien notes: "It is not surprising that the Edain...found it difficult to discern whether words and names containing the element el referred to the stars or to the Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which was meant to bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a lover or student of the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly represented by Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") –WJ:410 -
4 STELLAR
elenya (no gloss is actually given; the word is simply defined as "an adjective referring to stars". There are also the adjectives elda and elena, translated "of the stars". But in normal Quenya, elda primarily means "Elf", pl. Eldar. Use elenya or elena.) –WJ:362, Silm:431 -
5 TWO
atta. When constructed with a noun, atta follows and the noun is wholly uninflected: elen atta “two stars”. Case endings (the simplest, normally “singular” ones) are added to the numeral: genitive elen atto “of two stars”. –AT(AT)/Letters:427, VT48:6, VT49:44-45 -
6 BETWEEN
1) imbi (dual imbë). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another. The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' is attested in the phrase imb' illi "among all". The form imbit is said to be a "dualized form" expressing "between two things" when "these are not named" (VT47:30), apparently implying that imbit by itself means *"between the two", with no noun following. 2) enel (used for "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" [VT47:11]. This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind). 3) mitta- (does the final hyphen suggest that the latter form is used as prefix, somewhat like *"inter-"?) –Nam/RGEO:67, VT47:11, 30; VT43:30 -
7 BEYOND
pella (a postposition in Quenya: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars"). Genuine prepositions meaning “beyond” are han, ava (outside) –Nam, MC:222, VT43:14, VT45:6 -
8 CROWN
ríë; CROWNED rína; STAR-CROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS (a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in Silm; Etym has Elerína) –RIG/VT46:11 (VT confirming that the proper reading is ríë with a long vowel, not "rie" as in the Etymologies as printed in LR), EL, Silm:42 -
9 QUEEN
tári (gen. tário and dative tárin are also attested, the latter in the Elaine inscription). Vocative tarinya *"my Queen", UT:179. LT1:260 gives turinqui "queen", while LT1:273 gives vardi, but these are hardly valid words in LotR-style Quenya. QUEEN OF STARS (Varda's title) Elentári (so in LotR and Silm; Etym has also Tinwetári, Tinwetar, Tinwerontar); QUEEN OF THE EARTH Kementári (a title of Yavanna) –TĀ/LT1:264/Nam/RGEO:67, Silm:55/437/30 -
10 SICKLE
circa; SICKLE OF THE VALAR Valacirca (= the Great Bear, the Plough, the Big Dipper or the Wain), also called Otselen = The Seven Stars. –KIRIK, OT
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