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1 anta-
1 vb. "give" ANAsup1/sup, MC:215, 221, pa.t. antanë antanen I gave, VT49:14 or ánë, perfect ánië PE17:147, cf. QL:31. According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an ironic tone to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena I gave him a spear as a present was often used with the real sense of I cast a spear at him. Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case like sena in this example, but there is also a construction similar to English present someone with something in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, I presented him with a book PE17:91. The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present see -lto for the ending; antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" pl.; antaróta "he gave it" anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it", another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" LR:63 might later have appeared as *antuvas with the ending -s rather than Qenya -ro for he. Antalë imperative "give thou" VT43:17, sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana was at one point considered as another imperative give, but Tolkien rewrote the text in question VT44:13, and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle. -
2 essë
1 noun "name", also later name of Tengwa \#31, originally MET called árë ázë. Appendix E. With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" VT43:14. Pl. \#essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. \#esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron q.v.; we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps \#esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" MR:214, 470, Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta "k" noun *"Name-essay" see centa MR:415; Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë q.v. MR:214, 471. The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" VT45:12. 2 pron? he and also she, it?, possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas he is dumb PE17:126 3 noun "beginning" ESE/ESET. This entry was marked by a query in Etym, and a word in the appendices to LotR suggests that it was emended to *YESE/YESET; we may therefore read *yessë for essë. See esta \#2. However, for the purposes of writing the form yestabeginning from PE17:120 may be preferred. -
3 tulta-
vb. "send for, fetch, summon" TUL. Tultanelyes *"you summoned him", changed by Tolkien to leltanelyes *"you sent him" possibly tulta- was meant to have the meaning "send" here, but Tolkien decided to use another word VT47:22 -
4 apa
1 prep. "after" VT44:36, attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. According to VT44:36, apa was glossed after and also before in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected. See also apa \# 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources compare Apanónar, the After-born, as a name of Men in the Silmarillion. Variants pa, pá VT44:36, but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo VT44:36 may be yet another variant of the word for "after". 2 prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall. Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts VT44:26, but apa is also used for "after" see apa \#1 above, and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants pá, pa q.v. mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa \#2. Another variant gives apa, pá on above but touching VT49:18. 3 conj. but: melinyes apa la hé I love him but not him another VT49:15 -
5 -s
1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *he/she/it does VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *it lies PE17:65, tentanes it pointed VT49:26, tulis *she comes VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an objective ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning he, she only is said to be rare VT49:51; cf. násë he is, nésë he was see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *me. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze when pronominal affixes followed Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for he makes them; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for he makes them, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis. -
6 insë
*"himself" and *"herself", 3rd person sg. personal reflexive pronoun, apparently covering both genders, e.g. *tiris insë "she watches him/herself" but apparently the general reflexive pronoun immo may also be used, and it may even be preferable since the cluster ns seems unusual for Quenya. Compare insa, the corresponding impersonal form. Insë is derived from earlier imsë, a form that was possibly also used in Quenya unless "imse" in Tolkien's manuscript is intended as an etymological form only, though it is not asterisked VT47:37
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