Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

it+takes+all+sorts+(to+make+a+world)

  • 41 у каждого свои недостатки :

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > у каждого свои недостатки :

  • 42 SORT

    Русско-английский словарь пословиц и поговорок > SORT

  • 43 de todo hay en la viña del señor

    figurado it takes all sorts to make a world

    Spanish-English dictionary > de todo hay en la viña del señor

  • 44 every man to his taste

    so many men, so many minds it takes all sorts to make a world tastes differ

    English-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > every man to his taste

  • 45 so many men, so many minds

    syn: everybody to his own opinion
    so many wells, so many buckets
    кожна голова свій розум має що голова, то й розум що кум, то ум it takes all sorts to make a world

    English-Ukrainian dictionary of proverbs > so many men, so many minds

  • 46 baddy

    ['bædɪ]
    сущ.; амер.; разг.
    1) отрицательный герой; злодей (как ходульный образ; обычно - с иронией)

    It takes all sorts to make a world, not only baddies and goodies. — Мир состоит не только из злодеев и героев.

    •
    Ant:

    Англо-русский современный словарь > baddy

  • 47 baddie

    n infml
    1)

    It takes all sorts to make a world, not only baddies and goodies — В мире есть место не только злодеям и праведникам

    She has become such a baddie that no one wants to speak to her anymore — Она стала такой противной девчонкой, что с ней больше никто не хочет разговаривать

    2)

    The new dictionary of modern spoken language > baddie

  • 48 solch

    Pron. und Adj. such, that kind ( oder sort) of,... like that; solch einer someone ( oder a person) like that; solche Menschen such people, people like that; als solcher as such; ich hatte solche Angst I was so scared; ich habe solche Kopfschmerzen I’ve got such a headache; es gibt eben solche und solche oder so’ne und solche umg. it takes all kinds to make a world; es gab solche, die..., und solche, die... there were those who... and those ( oder others) who...; solche habe ich noch nie gesehen I’ve never seen any like that; siehe auch so I 6
    * * *
    such
    * * *
    sọlch [zɔlç]
    1. adj inv sol|che(r, s)
    ['zɔlçə]
    2. adj
    such

    ein solcher Mensch, solch ein Mensch — such a person, a person like that

    solche Menschen — people like that, such people

    solches Wetter/Glück — such weather/luck

    wir haben solchen Durst/solche Angst — we're so thirsty/afraid

    Experten und solche, die es werden wollen — experts and people who would like to be experts

    Rechtsanwälte gibt es solche und solche —

    * * *
    1) (of the same kind as that already mentioned or being mentioned: Animals that gnaw, such as mice, rats, rabbits and weasels are called rodents; He came from Bradford or some such place; She asked to see Mr Johnson but was told there was no such person there; I've seen several such buildings; I've never done such a thing before; doctors, dentists and such people.) such
    2) (used for emphasis: This is such a shock! They have been such good friends to me!) such
    3) such
    * * *
    [zɔlç]
    adj inv (geh) such
    \solch ein Mann such a man, a man like this/that/yours etc.
    \solch ein Luder! what a brat!
    \solch feiner Stoff material as fine as this
    * * *
    1) attr. such

    es gibt solche und solche — (ugs.) it takes all sorts or kinds [to make a world]

    3) ungebeugt (geh.): (so [ein]) such
    * * *
    solch pron & adj such, that kind ( oder sort) of, … like that;
    solch einer someone ( oder a person) like that;
    solche Menschen such people, people like that;
    als solcher as such;
    ich hatte solche Angst I was so scared;
    ich habe solche Kopfschmerzen I’ve got such a headache;
    so’ne und solche umg it takes all kinds to make a world;
    es gab solche, die …, und solche, die … there were those who … and those ( oder others) who …;
    solche habe ich noch nie gesehen I’ve never seen any like that; → auch so A 6
    * * *
    1) attr. such

    es gibt solche und solche — (ugs.) it takes all sorts or kinds [to make a world]

    3) ungebeugt (geh.): (so [ein]) such
    * * *
    adj.
    such adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > solch

  • 49 sort

    [sɔːt]
    n
    сорт, вид, тип, разновидность

    I have never said anything of the sort. — Я никогда ничего подобного не говорил.

    I don't want to get you into any sort of trouble. — Не хочу втягивать вас в какие-либо неприятности.

    His instructions were of laconic sort. — Он отдавал лаконичные инструкции.

    It takes all sorts of fish to make the world. — ◊ Сколько голов, столько умов. /У всякой пташки свои замашки.

    - good sort
    - ordinary sort
    - cheap sort
    - various sorts
    - several sorts
    - five different sorts
    - same sort
    - different sorts of things
    - all sorts of people
    - all sorts of dresses
    - all sorts of devices
    - all that sort of things
    - convenient sort of car
    - strange sort of story
    - right sort of people
    - curious sort of life
    - gloomy sort of house
    - queer sort of man
    - this sort of candy
    - sort of reward
    - sort of hero
    - sort of gift
    - sort of way out
    - some sort of animal
    - that sort of thing
    - shoes of every known sorts
    - books of all sorts
    - something of this sort
    - woman of the right sort
    - people of your sort
    - biscuits of one sort
    - winter sport of every sort
    - of one sort or another
    - in a troubled sort of way
    - with a dazed sort of look
    - classify smth in sorts
    - take all sorts of pains
    - it is a sort of box
    - nothing of the sort!
    USAGE:
    (1.) Если выражение sort of употребляется с существительными в единственном числе, то оно обозначает род/вид/тип существительного: You are interested in this sort of thing, aren't you? Вы ведь интересуетесь такого рода вопросами? What sort of iron did she get? - A steam iron. Какой утюг она приобрела? - Паровой. В разговорной речи вместо выражения sort of часто употребляется оборот like this (that): I hate that sort of film/I hate films like that. (2.) Если выражение sort of употреблятся с существительным во множественном числе, то оно обозначает разновидности/сорта того, что названо существительным: They sell all sorts of shoes. Они продают обувь всех видов. (3.) See kind, n

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > sort

  • 50 take

    [teɪk]
    v
    (took, taken)
    1) брать, взять
    - take smth from smth, smb
    - take smth out of smth
    - take smth with both hands
    - take smb by the hand
    2) занимать, отнимать

    The reproduction took me very long. — У меня ушло много времени на изложение.

    Here, let me take your coat. — Позвольте взять ваше пальто.

    - smth takes much time
    3) относить, отводить, брать с собой
    - take smth to some place
    - take the letter to the post
    - take the suitcase into the house
    - take smb home
    4) ездить (на чем-либо), садиться (на что-либо)
    - take a tram
    - take a taxi
    5) принимать внутрь, потреблять, глотать
    - take tea
    - take dinner
    - take three meals a day
    - take medicine
    6) походить, наследовать (у кого-либо)
    7) принимать (за кого-либо, за что-либо)
    - take smb for one of one's friends
    - take smb for a fool

    Give him an inch and he will take a mile. — ◊ Дай ему палец, он и руку отхватит.

    It takes all sorts of fish to make the world. — ◊ Сколько голов, столько умов. /У всякой пташки свои замашки.

    Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. — ◊ Копейка рубль бережет.

    - take one's temperature
    - take a breath
    - take a seat
    - take one's time in doing smth
    •
    USAGE:
    (1.) Разные значения глагола to take определяются разными группами слов, с которыми он сочетается; с названиями средств передвижения он соответствует русским ездить на чем-либо, поехать чем-либо: to take a train, a boat, a taxi; с названиями продуктов питания он соответствует русским пить, есть: to take a meal, to take some medicine; в конструкции to take smb, smth somewhere соответствует русским относить кого-либо, что-либо; отводить/отвозить кого-либо, что-либо куда-либо. (2) See bring, v

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > take

  • 51 Artificial Intelligence

       In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)
       Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)
       Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....
       When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)
       4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually
       Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)
       What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)
       [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)
       The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)
       9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form
       The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)
       There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:
        Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."
        Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)
       Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)
       Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)
       The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)
        14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation
       It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)
       We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.
       Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.
       Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.
    ... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)
       Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)
        16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts
       Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)
       Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System
       Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)
        19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence
       The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.
       The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)
       The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....
       AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)
        21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions
       In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)
       Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)
       Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)
       The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • it takes all sorts to make a world — 1620 T. SHELTON tr. Cervantes’ Don Quixote II. vi. In the world there must bee of all sorts. 1767 S. JOHNSON Letter 17 Nov. (1952) I. 194 Some Lady surely might be found..in whose fidelity you might repose. The World, says Locke, has people of… …   Proverbs new dictionary

  • it takes all sorts (to make a world) — spoken phrase used for saying that you find someone’s behaviour surprising or strange but you will accept it ‘I love rainy days!’ ‘Well, it takes all sorts.’ Thesaurus: ways of saying that you are surprised or shockedsynonym Main entry: take * *… …   Useful english dictionary

  • It takes all sorts to make a world. — It takes all sorts (to make a world.) something that you say which means that all people are different and even strange people should be accepted. Now the couple next door, they go swimming in the sea in the middle of winter. Well, it takes all… …   New idioms dictionary

  • it takes all sorts to make a world — ► it takes all sorts to make a world proverb people vary greatly in character, tastes, and abilities (implying that one should be tolerant of strange behaviour). Main Entry: ↑sort …   English terms dictionary

  • it takes all kinds to make a world — Diversity is essential the world would be incomplete if everyone were alike.( It takes all sorts to make a world is also used.) …   The small dictionary of idiomes

  • It takes all sorts — (to make a world.) something that you say which means that all people are different and even strange people should be accepted. Now the couple next door, they go swimming in the sea in the middle of winter. Well, it takes all sorts, as they say …   New idioms dictionary

  • world — see it takes all sorts to make a world all’s for the best in the best of all possible worlds better be out of the world than out of the fashion God’s in his heaven, all’s right with the world one half of the world does not know how the other half …   Proverbs new dictionary

  • all — see all good things must come to an end it takes all sorts to make a world all things are possible with God all things come to those who wait all’s for the best in the best of all possible worlds all cats are grey in the dark …   Proverbs new dictionary

  • World of Quest — Format Animated series Fantasy Created by Jason Kruse Starring Ron Pardo Landon Norris James Rankin …   Wikipedia

  • World of Naruto — The Five Great Shinobi Nations of the Naruto world; from lower right clockwise: the Land of Water, Land of Fire, Land of Wind, Land of Earth, and Land of Lightning The Naruto anime and manga series takes place in an unnamed …   Wikipedia

  • Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs, Thematic Index — absence absence makes the heart grow fonder he who is absent is always in the wrong the best of friends must part blue are the hills that are far away distance lends enchantment to the view out of sight, out of mind …   Proverbs new dictionary

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»