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1 Mairen
fem. nameUT:210, initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" PM:372 could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "of good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon PE18:163. -
2 ngwin
dative pronoun ?"for us" VT21:6-7, 10, VT44:36. Apparently belonging to the 1st person pl. It would be pronounced *nwin at the end of the Third Age, but since Tolkien in another source implies that the 1st pl. exclusive base ñwe had the "independent" stem we- in Quenya VT48:10, we must assume that the dative pronoun should rather be *wen, or in Exilic Quenya *ven. The form ngwin may reflect another conceptual phase when Tolkien meant the nasal element of ñwe to be preserved in Quenya as well. The vowel i rather than e is difficult to account for if the base is to be ñwe. In VT49:55, Carl F. Hosttetter suggests that ngwen rather than ngwin may actually be the correct reading of Tolkiens manuscript. -
3 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
4 hlar-
verb "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya. Since the original root is SLAS, this verb may have the past tense *hlassë for slansē in more classical forms of Quenya, perhaps re-formed as *hlarnë or *hlarrë, for hlazze in spoken Noldorin Quenya. Compare \#hriz- snow root SRIS with past tense hrinsë/hrissë, as well as Tolkien's remarks in PE19:99. -
5 -s
1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *he/she/it does VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *it lies PE17:65, tentanes it pointed VT49:26, tulis *she comes VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an objective ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning he, she only is said to be rare VT49:51; cf. násë he is, nésë he was see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *me. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze when pronominal affixes followed Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for he makes them; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for he makes them, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis. -
6 tindómerel
also capitalized Tindómerel fem. name "daughter of twilight", a kenning poetic name of the nightingale; = Sindarin Tinúviel. TIN, SEL-D, SA:tin; "Tindómrl" in mirrored Tengwar in VT47:37 would seem to be an incomplete annotation of the same word. The form Tindómiel UT:210 could well be an alternative Quenya equivalent of Tinúviel, and it is possibly to be preferred because the status of the ending -rel "daughter" is uncertain it was to represent older -zel, -sel corresponding to the independent word seldë, but Tolkien changed the meaning of this word from "daughter" to "child", and since the word for "child" appears as hína in later texts, it may be that seldë and the corresponding ending -rel were dropped altogether. -
7 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
8 hé
him the other, etc. in the sentence melin sé apa la hé I love him but not him another VT49:15. It may be that hé covers both genders her as well as him, like sé se is known to do. -
9 sat-
vb. "set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner" VT42:20. Cited in the form "sati-"; the final -i may be simply the connecting vowel of the aorist as in *satin "I set aside". This verb "was in Quenya applied to time as well as space" VT42:20 -
10 indis
noun, translated "wife" in UT:8, but the form is assigned the meaning "bride" in other places the regular translation of "wife" is rather veri or vessë. Indis "Bride", name of the goddess Nessa. NDIS-SĒ /SĀ NETH, NIsup1/sup, NDER, I ; Indis Nessa *"Bride Nessa", title and name of the Valië NETH The stem-form of indis "bride" is somewhat obscure; according to VT45:37 the stem could be indiss- pl. indissi given, but the alternative form pl. form inderi shows a curious shift from i to e as well as the more regular change from s via z to r between vowels compare the pl. of olos, q.v. The stem indiss- may be preferred by writers. -
11 panya-
vb. "fix, set" PAN. The verb napan- q.v., add or literally *to-set, may argue the existence of a shorter stem \#pan- as well. -
12 entya
adj. "central, middle" VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective \#endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and \#endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v. -
13 te
pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl. VT49:51, LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308. The pronoun te represents an original stem-form VT49:50. Dative ten, téna or tien for them, to them q.v. Stressed té VT49:51. Ótë *"with them", q.v. VT43:20 connects te "them" with a discussion of Common Eldarin pronominal stems ca. 1940s, where te is the "personal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring to persons rather than abstracts or inanimates which are denoted by ta instead; see, however, the entry ta \#3 regarding the problems with this form, and the hints that te may possibly be used with reference to inanimates as well. Also consider the reflexive pronoun intë *"themselves", the final element of which is apparently this pronoun te; see also tú for the dual form. -
14 caw-
vb. "bow" "k"1st pers aorist cawin "I bow" LT1:257; cf. cauca, cauco. In Tolkien's later Quenya, a verbal stem with w in this position does not seem to fit the general phonology well; intervocalic w would become v. We should perhaps read *cav- whereever the second consonant of the root follows a vowel, but the nasal-infixed past tense could be *canwë with the original quality of the consonant preserved. Compare such a past tense form as anwë, q.v. However, Tolkiens later verb luhta- may be preferred for intransitive bow. -
15 enetya
see entya adj. "central, middle" VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective \#endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and \#endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v. -
16 yondë
noun any fairly extensive region with well-marked natural bonds as mountains or rivers, occurring as a suffix -yondë, -yon/-iondë, -ion in regional names. PE17:43. Note: yondë may also be an archaic/poetic past tense of the verbyor-, q.v.
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