-
1 -nya
pronominal suffix, 1st person sg. possessive, "my" VT49:16, 38, 48, e.g. tatanya *"my daddy" UT:191, VT48:17, meldonya *my male friend VT49:38, meldenya *"my female friend Elaine inscription, omentienya *my meeting PE17:68, tyenya my tye tye being an intimate form of you, used = dear kinsman VT49:51, 56. This ending seems to prefer i as its connecting vowel where one is needed, cf. Anarinya "my sun" in LR:72, so also in hildinyar "my heirs". It was previously theorized by some that a final -ë would also be changed to -i- before -nya, but the example órenya "my heart órë" indicates that this is not the case VT41:11. -
2 ya
1 relative pronoun "which, what" attested in VT43:28, 34 and in the Arctic sentence, with locative suffix in Namárië: see \#yassë. According to VT47:21, ya is impersonal, "which" rather than "whom" compare the personal form ye. The dative form yan q.v. is however used for "to whom" rather than to which in one text, indicating that Tolkien did not always distinguish between personal and impersonal forms. In the phrase lúmessë uya/u variant: uyá/u firuvammë, *"in the hour uthat/u we shall die", the relative pronoun is not explicitly marked for case and is evidently understood to share the case of the preceding noun hence not *lúmessë uyassë/u... "in the hour uin which/u"... VT43:27-28 Presumably, ya has the plural form *yar e.g. *i nati yar hirnen the things that/which I found. 2 or yan, prep. "as" VT43:16, probably abandoned in favour of sívë -
3 Mandos(Mandost-)
noun "Castle of Custody" the approximate meaning, according to MR:350. Used as the name of a Vala, properly the place where he dwells the Halls of Mandos, whereas his real name is Námo WJ:402. In Tolkiens mythology, the Halls of Mandos are the abode of the dead, where their spirits remain until they are released from this world in the case of mortals or rebodied in the case of Elves except for those who are refused or themselves refuse further incarnate life, and so remain in Mandos indefinitely. In the Etymologies, Mandos also Mandossë is interpreted somewhat differently, "Dread Imprisoner"MBAD MANAD,VT45:32 or in a deleted version "Dread Doom" VT45:33, where Mandos was asigned the stem Mandosse-. The interpretation Dread Imprisoner would suggest that Tolkien at the time thought of Mandos as being also properly the name of a person, the Vala Námo, not the name of a place. See also Mando. -
4 -o
1 genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda q.v. Following a noun in -ië, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno of goodness PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo of greyness in PE17:72.Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo q.v. = mariner or mariners. Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t. The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va. The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, from, as in Oiolossëo from Mount Oiolossë Nam, sio hence VT49:18. In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren Annals of Valinor becoming Yénië Valinórëo MR:200. 2, also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix PM:340 -
5 vanwa
adj. "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over" WJ:366, Nam, RGEO:67, WAN, LT1:264; older wanwa, PE17:143. The word was not applied to dead persons except those who would not return, either because of a special doom as in the case of Men or because of a special will of their own as Felagund or Míriel or a special ban of Mandos as Feanor PE17:143. Also see avanwa. -
6 Valinor
place-name "the land or people of the Valar", *"Vali-land" Vali = Valar, land of the Gods in the West BAL, NDOR; cf. Valandor. Full form Valinórë BAL; Vali-nórë under NDOR.Said to be the true Eldarin name of Aman, the latter name being explained as a borrowing from Valarin in some versions of the linguistic scenario VT49:26. In the early "Qenya Lexicon", Valinor, Valinórë is glossed "Asgard", the name of the city of the gods in Norse mythology LT1:272. It seems that in such more restricted use, Valinor is not the entire Blessed Realm but rather the specific region beyond the Pelóri where most of the Valar dwelt, with Valimar as the chief city. Thus it is said of Eärendil that he went into Valinor and to the halls of Valimar only after he had already left his ship and ventured as far as Tirion Silmarillion, chapter 24. Possessive Valinóreva in Nurtalë Valinóreva, the "Hiding of Valinor", the possessive case here assuming the function of object genitive Silm; genitive Valinórëo in Yénië Valinórëo Annals of Valinor MR:200; the last word was changed from Valinóren, Tolkien revising the genitive ending from -n to -o -
7 Avathar
place-name denoting the land between the southern Pelóri and the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt; said to be "not Elvish" in WJ:404 and must be thought of as an adaptation from Valarin; on the other hand, MR:284 states that it is "ancient Quenya" and offers the interpretation "The Shadows". Whatever the case, it must have become *Avasar in Exilic Quenya. -
8 -r
nominative plural ending regularly used on nouns ending in -a, -i, -ië, -o, -u, e.g. Ainur, Valar, tier. Occasionally it is added also to nouns ending in -ë that normally take the ending -I in the pl.. This seems to regularly happen in the case of nouns in -lë see \#fintalë, mallë, tyellë, sometimes also otherwise see Ingwë, wendë, essë \#1. This plural ending was "it is said" first used by the Noldor PM:402. plural ending used on verbs with a plural subject VT49:48, 50, 51, e.g. lantar fall in Namárië with the plural subject lassi leaves, or unduláver as the pl. form of undulávë licked down, covered PE17:72. The ending is sometimes missing where we might expect it; for instance, the verb tarnë stood has multiple subjects and yet does not appear as *tarner in PE17:71. -
9 -ndon
case-ending for similative: wilwarindon like a butterfly see wilwarin, laurendon like gold PE17:58 In the post-LotR period Tolkien decided to abandon this ending, apparently because it was to similar to the agental suffix -ndo PE17:58, and it does not appear in the Plotz decension. -
10 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
11 -s
1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *he/she/it does VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *it lies PE17:65, tentanes it pointed VT49:26, tulis *she comes VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an objective ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning he, she only is said to be rare VT49:51; cf. násë he is, nésë he was see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *me. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze when pronominal affixes followed Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for he makes them; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for he makes them, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis. -
12 vinya
1 adj. "young" VT46:22, VT47:26, PE17:191 or "new" cf. compounds Vinyamar, Vinyarië below; cf. also winya "new, fresh, young" in a deleted entry in the Etymologies, VT45:16; there the word was first written as vinya. Vinya the Young, original name of the isle of Númenor among its own people SD:332. 2 windya adj. "pale blue" WIN/WIND It is uncertain whether Tolkien rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya is only attested with the meaning "young, new" in his later Quenya. -
13 írë
1 noun "desire". ID. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, írë was also the name of a long carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting long í. VT45:17. 2 conj. "when" subordinate conjunction, not question-word: írë Anarinya queluva, "when my sun faileth" FS. Compare yá \#2. 3 noun "eternal" read "eternity", as suggested by Christopher Tolkien, but the word was in any case changed to oirë GEY, VT45:13 -
14 Irildë
fem. name "Idhril" Idril LT2:343, \#Írildë J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193, Írildë also as name of a Númenorean woman UT:210. Irildë Taltyelemna = later Sindarin Idril Celebrindal;replaced Irildë Taltelepsa KYELEP/TELEP; Taltelemna in the Etymologies as printed in LR is an error for Taltyelemna, VT45:25. Tolkien seems to have replaced Irildë as the Quenya form of Idril with Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë, q.v., in which case the Sindarin form is definitely Idril and not Idhril.
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