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1 rule
[ruːl] 1. n( norm) reguła f; ( regulation) przepis m; ( government) rządy pl, panowanie nt2. vtrządzić +instr3. vito rule (over sb/sth) — rządzić (kimś/czymś)
to rule in favour of/against/on — wydawać (wydać perf) orzeczenie na korzyść +gen /na niekorzyść +gen /w sprawie +gen
to rule that … — orzekać (orzec perf), że …
as a rule of thumb, … — można przyjąć, że …
Phrasal Verbs:- rule out* * *[ru:l] 1. noun1) (government: under foreign rule.) panowanie2) (a regulation or order: school rules.) przepis3) (what usually happens or is done; a general principle: He is an exception to the rule that fat people are usually happy.) reguła4) (a general standard that guides one's actions: I make it a rule never to be late for appointments.) zasada5) (a marked strip of wood, metal etc for measuring: He measured the windows with a rule.) miara, przymiar2. verb1) (to govern: The king ruled (the people) wisely.) rządzić2) (to decide officially: The judge ruled that the witness should be heard.) zawyrokować3) (to draw (a straight line): He ruled a line across the page.) narysować (linię)•- ruled- ruler
- ruling 3. noun(an official decision: The judge gave his ruling.) orzeczenie- rule off
- rule out -
2 apply
[ə'plaɪ] 1. vt 2. vi( be applicable) stosować się, mieć zastosowanie; ( ask) składać (złożyć perf) podanie or wniosek, zgłaszać się (zgłosić się perf)to apply to — mieć zastosowanie do +gen
to apply for — ubiegać się o +acc
to apply o.s. to — przykładać się (przyłożyć się perf) do +gen
* * *1) ((with to) to put (something) on or against something else: to apply ointment to a cut.) przykładać, smarować2) ((with to) to use (something) for some purpose: He applied his wits to planning their escape.) używać3) ((with for) to ask for (something) formally: You could apply (to the manager) for a job.) zwracać się4) ((with to) to concern: This rule does not apply to him.) dotyczyć5) (to be in force: The rule doesn't apply at weekends.) obowiązywać•- applicable
- applicability
- applicant
- application
- apply oneself/one's mind -
3 subject
1. ['sʌbdʒɪkt] n( matter) temat m; ( SCOL) przedmiot m; ( of kingdom) poddany(-na) m(f); ( LING) podmiot m2. [səb'dʒɛkt] vtto subject sb to sth — poddawać (poddać perf) kogoś czemuś
to be subject to — (law, tax) podlegać +dat; ( heart attacks) być narażonym na +acc
to change the subject — zmieniać (zmienić perf) temat
* * *1. adjective((of countries etc) not independent, but dominated by another power: subject nations.) podbity, podległy2. noun1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) poddany2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) temat3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) przedmiot4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) przedmiot5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) podmiot3. [səb'‹ekt] verb1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) podporządkować sobie2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) poddawać•- subjective
- subjectively
- subject matter
- change the subject
- subject to -
4 must
[mʌst] 1. aux vb(necessity, obligation)I must do it — muszę to zrobić; ( prohibition)
you mustn't do it — nie wolno ci tego robić; ( probability)
he must be there by now — musi już tam być, pewnie już tam jest; (suggestion, invitation)
you must come and see me — (koniecznie) musisz mnie odwiedzić; (guess, assumption)
2. nI must have made a mistake — musiałam się pomylić; ( indicating sth unwelcome)
* * *1. negative short form - mustn't; verb1) (used with another verb to express need: We must go to the shops to get milk.) musieć2) (used, usually with another verb, to suggest a probability: They must be finding it very difficult to live in such a small house.) musieć3) (used, usually with another verb, to express duty, an order, rule etc: You must come home before midnight; All competitors must be under 15 years of age.) musieć2. noun(something necessary, essential, or not to be missed: This new tent is a must for the serious camper.) konieczność -
5 adhere
[əd'hɪə(r)]vito adhere to — przylegać (przylgnąć perf) do +gen; fig (rule, decision) stosować się (zastosować się perf) do +gen; (opinion, belief) obstawać przy +loc
* * *[əd'hiə]1) ((often with to) to stick (to): This tape doesn't adhere (to the floor) very well.) przylegać2) ((with to) to remain loyal (to): I'm adhering to my principles.) trzymać się, obstawać•- adherent -
6 exception
[ɪk'sɛpʃən]nwyjątek mto take exception to — ( be offended) czuć się (poczuć się perf) urażonym +instr; ( complain) protestować (zaprotestować perf) przeciw +dat
with the exception of — z wyjątkiem +gen
* * *[-ʃən]1) (something or someone not included: They all work hard, without exception; With the exception of Jim we all went home early.) wyjątek2) (something not according to the rule: We normally eat nothing at lunchtime, but Sunday is an exception.) wyjątek -
7 slide
[slaɪd] 1. n( downward movement) obniżanie się nt; ( moral etc) staczanie się nt; ( in playground) zjeżdżalnia f; ( PHOT) przeźrocze nt, slajd m; ( COMM) ( in prices) spadek m cen; ( of currency) spadek m kursu; (also: microscope slide) preparat m; ( BRIT) (also: hair slide) klamra f do włosów2. vt; pt, pp slid3. vito slide sth into sth — wsuwać (wsunąć perf) coś do czegoś
przesuwać się (przesunąć się perf), sunąćto let things slide ( fig) — zaniedbywać (zaniedbać perf) sprawy
* * *1. past tense, past participle - slid; verb1) (to (cause to) move or pass along smoothly: He slid the drawer open; Children must not slide in the school corridors.) ślizgać (się)2) (to move quietly or secretly: I slid hurriedly past the window; He slid the book quickly out of sight under his pillow.) wsunąć (się), posuwać (się), przesuwać (się)2. noun1) (an act of sliding.) ślizganie (się)2) (a slippery track, or apparatus with a smooth sloping surface, on which people or things can slide: The children were taking turns on the slide in the playground.) ześlizg, zjeżdżalnia3) (a small transparent photograph for projecting on to a screen etc: The lecture was illustrated with slides.) przezrocze4) (a glass plate on which objects are placed to be examined under a microscope.) szkiełko5) ((also hair-slide) a (decorative) hinged fastening for the hair.) spinka do włosów•- sliding door -
8 observe
[əb'zəːv]vt( watch) obserwować; ( notice) zauważyć ( perf), spostrzec ( perf); ( remark) zauważać (zauważyć perf); rule, convention przestrzegać +gen* * *[əb'zə:v]1) (to notice: I observed her late arrival.) spostrzec2) (to watch carefully: She observed his actions with interest.) obserwować3) (to obey: We must observe the rules.) przestrzegać4) (to make a remark: `It's a lovely day', he observed.) zauważyć•- observant
- observation
- observatory
- observer -
9 provision
[prə'vɪʒən]n( supplying) zaopatrywanie nt; ( preparation) zabezpieczenie nt; (of contract, agreement) warunek m, klauzula fto make provision for — ( the future) zabezpieczać się (zabezpieczyć się perf) na +acc; ( one's family) zabezpieczać (zabezpieczyć perf) +acc
* * *[prə'viʒən] 1. noun1) (the act of providing: The government are responsible for the provision of education for all children.) zapewnienie, dostarczenie2) (an agreed arrangement.) uzgodnienie3) (a rule or condition.) warunek2. verb(to supply (especially an army) with food.) zaprowiantować- provisionally
- provisions
- make provision for -
10 sway
[sweɪ] 1. vichwiać się (zachwiać się perf), kołysać się (zakołysać się perf)2. vtsterować +instr3. n* * *[swei] 1. verb1) (to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action: The branches swayed gently in the breeze.) kołysać się2) (to influence the opinion etc of: She's too easily swayed by her feelings.) wpływać na, powodować2. noun1) (the motion of swaying: the sway of the ship's deck.) kołysanie się, chwianie2) (power, rule or control: people under the sway of the dictator.) władza, wpływy
См. также в других словарях:
rule with a rod of iron — To rule with stern severity • • • Main Entry: ↑iron * * * rule with a rod of iron see ↑rule, 2 • • • Main Entry: ↑rod … Useful english dictionary
rule with an iron fist/hand, rule with a rod of iron — see ↑rule, 2 • • • Main Entry: ↑iron … Useful english dictionary
rule with an iron fist/hand — (chiefly US) (or Brit rule with a rod of iron) : to rule a country, area, group, etc., in a very strict and often cruel way The dictator ruled (the island) with an iron fist. • • • Main Entry: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
rule with an iron fist — see ↑rule, 2 • • • Main Entry: ↑fist … Useful english dictionary
rule with a rod of iron — rule with an iron fist, govern by force … English contemporary dictionary
rule with an iron fist — verb To rule with absolute authority or to the detriment of the people. To rule tyrannically. He considered himself king of his castle, and he rules with an iron fist … Wiktionary
rule with a rod of iron — rule (someone) with a rod of iron British, American & Australian, American & Australian to control a group of people very firmly, having complete power over everything that they do. For 17 years she ruled the country with a rod of iron. My uncle… … New idioms dictionary
rule with justice — rule in a fair and decent manner … English contemporary dictionary
rule against perpetuities — often cap R&P: a common law rule stating that in order for a future interest to be good it must vest after its creation (as at the death of a testator) within a life in being or lives in being plus 21 years plus the period of gestation of any… … Law dictionary
rule — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} noun 1 what you can or cannot do, say, etc. ADJECTIVE ▪ basic, cardinal, first, fundamental, golden ▪ ground rules ▪ … Collocations dictionary
Rule of Saint Francis — Rule of Saint Francis † Catholic Encyclopedia ► Rule of Saint Francis As known, St. Francis founded three orders and gave each of them a special rule. Here only the rule of the first order is to be considered, i.e., that of the Friars … Catholic encyclopedia