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101 Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities[br]b. 24 August 1772 Durlach, Baden, Germanyd. 21 May 1826 Munich, Germany[br]German engineer.[br]While he was attending the Military School at Mannheim, Reichenbach drew attention to himself due to the mathematical instruments that he had designed. On the recommendation of Count Rumford in Munich, the Bavarian government financed a two-year stay in Britain so that Reichenbach could become acquainted with modern mechanical engineering. He returned to Mannheim in 1793, and during the Napoleonic Wars he was involved in the manufacture of arms. In Munich, where he was in the service of the Bavarian state from 1796, he started producing precision instruments in his own time. His basic invention was the design of a dividing machine for circles, produced at the end of the eighteenth century. The astronomic and geodetic instruments he produced excelled all the others for their precision. His telescopes in particular, being perfect in use and of solid construction, soon brought him an international reputation. They were manufactured at the MathematicMechanical Institute, which he had jointly founded with Joseph Utzschneider and Joseph Liebherr in 1804 and which became a renowned training establishment. The glasses and lenses were produced by Joseph Fraunhofer who joined the company in 1807.In the same year he was put in charge of the technical reorganization of the salt-works at Reichenhall. After he had finished the brine-transport line from Reichenhall to Traunstein in 1810, he started on the one from Berchtesgaden to Reichenhall which was an extremely difficult task because of the mountainous area that had to be crossed. As water was the only source of energy available he decided to use water-column engines for pumping the brine in the pipes of both lines. Such devices had been in use for pumping purposes in different mining areas since the middle of the eighteenth century. Reichenbach knew about the one constructed by Joseph Karl Hell in Slovakia, which in principle had just been a simple piston-pump driven by water which did not work satisfactorily. Instead he constructed a really effective double-action water-column engine; this was a short time after Richard Trevithick had constructed a similar machine in England. For the second line he improved the system and built a single-action pump. All the parts of it were made of metal, which made them easy to produce, and the pumps proved to be extremely reliable, working for over 100 years.At the official opening of the line in 1817 the Bavarian king rewarded him generously. He remained in the state's service, becoming head of the department for roads and waterways in 1820, and he contributed to the development of Bavarian industry as well as the public infrastructure in many ways as a result of his mechanical skill and his innovative engineering mind.[br]Further ReadingBauernfeind, "Georg von Reichenbach" Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 27:656–67 (a reliable nineteenth-century account).W.Dyck, 1912, Georg v. Reichenbach, Munich.K.Matschoss, 1941, Grosse Ingenieure, Munich and Berlin, 3rd edn. 121–32 (a concise description of his achievements in the development of optical instruments and engineering).WKBiographical history of technology > Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich von
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102 iragan
iz.1. past; \iragana eta etorkizuna ez dira gure the past and future are not ours; \iraganeko hutsak mistakes of the past | past mistakes2. (Gram.) ( lehenaldia) past; oraina eta \iragana bereizteko in order to distinguish the present from the past du/ad. [ diraga: ziragan ]1. ( jazo, gertatu) to happen, occur2. ( denbora)a. ( inork denbora) to spend; han urte asko \iragan zuten they spent many years thereb. ( denbora) to go by; \iragan urtean last year3.a. ( muga jakin bat pasa) to pass; marra \iragan gabe without passing the lineb. ( igaro, gurutzatu) to cross; zubia \iragan zuten they {went over || crossed} the bridge4. ( jasan) to suffer, undergo, bear5. ( ezpata, labana, e.a.) to run through; ezpataz bihotza \iragan zion he ran his sword through his heart6. ( pairatu) to suffer; esan ezinezko nekeak \iraganik having gone through unspeakable pain7. ( ahaztu) to forget; gogotik \iragana nuen I got it out of my mind | I forgot about it da/ad.1. ( toki batetik bestera joan, pasa) to pass; hemendik iragaiten zen etxera joateko he passed this way on his way home; diru hori eskutik eskura \iragan da that money has passed from hand to hand; mundu honetatik bestera \iragan to pass away | to go on to the next life2. ( denbora) to go by; denbora \iragan zaizu your time's up3. ( moneta bat legezko erabilerakoa izan) to be in circulation; diru hori ez da hemen iragaten that money isn't in circulation here -
103 cross
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be cross[Swahili Word] -guna[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be cross with someone[Swahili Word] -nunia[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be crossed (i.e. a river)[Swahili Word] -abiriwa[Part of Speech] verb[Class] passive------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cause to cross[Swahili Word] -vukisha[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross[English Plural] crosses[Swahili Word] msalaba[Swahili Plural] misalaba[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 3/4[Derived Word] sulibi[English Example] sign of the Cross.[Swahili Example] ishara ya msalaba[Terminology] religious------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross[Swahili Word] -dupa[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross[Swahili Word] -kia[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] -kiuka------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross[Swahili Word] -ruka[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] cross boundary.[Swahili Example] ruka mpaka------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross (a street or river)[Swahili Word] -tataga[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross (river or lake or sea)[Swahili Word] -abiri[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross a boundary-line[Swahili Word] -ruka mpaka[Part of Speech] verb[Related Words] mpaka------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross each other[Swahili Word] -pandana[Part of Speech] verb[Class] associative[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] -panda------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross one's mind[Swahili Word] -pitia rohoni[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] the idea of working did not cross through his/her mind.[Swahili Example] jambo la kufanya kazi [] halikupitii rohoni mwako [Abd]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] cross over[Swahili Word] -vuka[Part of Speech] verb[English Example] My mother took the train that <b>cross</b>ed over the river[Swahili Example] Mamangu alichukua treni iliyo<b>vuka</b> mto------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] get cross[Swahili Word] -kimua[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] Asumini alikimwa na kushangaa kwa nini alikaripiwa vile [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] get cross[Swahili Word] -kimwa[Part of Speech] verb[Swahili Example] Asumini alikimwa na kushangaa kwa nini alikaripiwa vile [Moh]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] Red Cross Society[Swahili Word] Chama cha Msalaba Mwekundu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------
См. также в других словарях:
mind — I [[t]ma͟ɪnd[/t]] NOUN USES ♦ minds (Please look at category 45 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.) 1) N COUNT: with poss You refer to someone s mind when talking about their thoughts. For example, if… … English dictionary
mind — mind1 [ maınd ] noun *** 1. ) count or uncount the part of you that thinks, knows, remembers, and feels things: His mind was full of the things he had seen that day. I need a walk to clear my mind. in someone s mind: I wonder what s going on in… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
mind — mind1 W1S1 [maınd] n ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(ability to think and imagine)¦ 2 change your mind 3 make up your mind/make your mind up 4 have somebody/something in mind (for something) 5 bear/keep somebody/something in mind 6 with somebody/something in mind 7… … Dictionary of contemporary English
mind — 1 /maInd/ noun BRAIN/THINKING PROCESS 1 (C, U) the part of a person, usually considered to be their brain, that they use to think and imagine things: I have a picture of him in my mind tall, blond and handsome. | I don t know what s going on in… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
mind */*/*/ — I UK [maɪnd] / US noun Word forms mind : singular mind plural minds Metaphor: Your mind is like a container or area, with thoughts being stored there or going in and out. The memory of that day is still fresh in my mind. ♦ A few doubts remained… … English dictionary
cross someone's mind — To flash across someone s mind • • • Main Entry: ↑cross cross someone s mind see under ↑cross • • • Main Entry: ↑mind * * * cross someone’s mind phrase if something crosses your mind, you think of it, but often not for very long or very seriously … Useful english dictionary
cross\ one's\ mind — • cross one s mind • pass through one s mind v. phr. To be a sudden or passing thought; be thought of by someone; come to your mind; occur to you. At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it crossed his mind that she was trying to… … Словарь американских идиом
pass\ through\ one's\ mind — • cross one s mind • pass through one s mind v. phr. To be a sudden or passing thought; be thought of by someone; come to your mind; occur to you. At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it crossed his mind that she was trying to… … Словарь американских идиом
cross one's mind — or[pass through one s mind] {v. phr.} To be a sudden or passing thought; be thought of by someone; come to your mind; occur to you. * /At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it crossed his mind that she was trying to tell him… … Dictionary of American idioms
cross one's mind — or[pass through one s mind] {v. phr.} To be a sudden or passing thought; be thought of by someone; come to your mind; occur to you. * /At first Bob was puzzled by Virginia s waving, but then it crossed his mind that she was trying to tell him… … Dictionary of American idioms
cross someone's mind — if something crosses your mind, you think of it, but often not for very long or very seriously It suddenly crossed his mind that maybe Stephanie had been right … English dictionary
