-
1 ava-
2 prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" WJ:370 3 prefix "without" ARsup2/sup, AWA. In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" q.v. 4 vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit WJ:370. Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed with the ending -n I in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan ávëan, future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t.aunë in the sense was not, as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens the text was revised. -
2 tye
pron. you, thou, thee, 2nd person intimate/familar LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55, corresponding to formal/politelye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and grandparents and children also used it to address one another to use the adult lye was more stern. Tyenya my tye, used = dear kinsman VT49:51. The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e VT49:50. Stressed tyé; dual tyet *the two of you VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar never deleloped dual or plural forms. Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë *"yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE 2nd person sg., if tye represents earlier *kye. -
3 ar-
1 prefix "outside" ARsup2/sup, element meaning "beside" VT42:17, by PE17:169; in the same source the glosses near, by, beside were rejected. Cf. ara. 2, also ari-, prefix for superlative compare arya \#1, 2, hence arcalima brightest, arimelda *dearest PE17:56-57. In the grammar described in the source, this prefix was to express superlative as the highest degree in actual comparison, whereas the alternative prefix an- rather expressed very or exceedingly with a more purely augmentative or adverbial force, but these distinctions do not seem to have been clearly present at all stages of Tolkiens work. See an- \#2, am- \#2. a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" PM:344. In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername amilessë, q.v. of Fingolfin PM:360, cf. 344, Arafinwë "Finarfin" MR:230 -
4 quet-
vb. "say, speak" SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348, sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 spelt qete in the latter source, not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë I can speak VT41:6; pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 by Tolkien translated as words, but more literally evidently *speaking. Imperative in the command queta Quenya! speak Quenya! PE17:138, see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" VT41:15. Cf. also \#maquet- -
5 lelya-
1 vb. "go, proceed in any direction, travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart PE17:52, which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of LED were used simply for go, move, travel, but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-. 3 vb. appear, of beautiful things, hence attract, enchant with dative, pa.t. lélinë PE17:151 -
6 marta-
1 vb. "to chance" or *"happen" QL:63, cf. mart- "it happens" impersonal LT2:348 read marta-?. Another version assigns transitive meanings to the same verb: to define, decree, destine with the last sense = martya-, q.v., with a variant umbarta- in more lofty senses PE17:104 -
7 olvar
sg. \#olva noun "growing things with roots in the earth, *plants" Silm. Apparently more or less the same word as olwa, olba, which is however glossed branch. Cf. laima.
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