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  • 1 Points of the compass

    north = nord N
    south = sud S
    east = est E
    west = ouest O
    nord, sud, est, ouest is the normal order in French as well as English.
    northeast = nord-est NE
    northwest = nord-ouest NO
    north-northeast = nord-nord-est NNE
    east-northeast = est-nord-est ENE
    Where?
    Compass points in French are not normally written with a capital letter. However, when they refer to a specific region in phrases such as I love the North or he lives in the North, and it is clear where this North is, without any further specification such as of France or of Europe, then they are written with a capital letter, as they often are in English, too. In the following examples, north and nord stand for any compass point word.
    I love the North
    = j’aime le Nord
    to live in the North
    = vivre dans le Nord
    Normally, however, these words do not take a capital letter:
    in the north of Scotland
    = dans le nord de l’Écosse
    Take care to distinguish this from
    to the north of Scotland (i.e. further north than Scotland)
    = au nord de l’Écosse
    in the south of Spain
    = dans le sud de l’Espagne*
    it is north of the hill
    = c’est au nord de la colline
    a few kilometres north
    = à quelques kilomètres au nord
    due north of here
    = droit au nord
    * Note that the south of France is more usually referred to as le Midi.
    There is another set of words in French for north, south etc., some of which are more
    common than others:
    (north) septentrion (rarely used) septentrional(e)
    (south) midi méridional(e)
    (east) orient oriental(e)
    (west) occident occidental(e)
    Translating northern etc.
    a northern town
    = une ville du Nord
    a northern accent
    = un accent du Nord
    the most northerly outpost
    = l’avant-poste le plus au nord
    Regions of countries and continents work like this:
    northern Europe
    = l’Europe du Nord
    the northern parts of Japan
    = le nord du Japon
    eastern France
    = l’est de la France
    For names of countries and continents which include these compass point words, such as North America or South Korea, see the dictionary entry.
    Where to?
    French has fewer ways of expressing this than English has ; vers le is usually safe:
    to go north
    = aller vers le nord
    to head towards the north
    = se diriger vers le nord
    to go northwards
    = aller vers le nord
    to go in a northerly direction
    = aller vers le nord
    a northbound ship
    = un bateau qui se dirige vers le nord
    With some verbs, such as to face, the French expression changes:
    the windows face north
    = les fenêtres donnent au nord
    a north-facing slope
    = une pente orientée au nord
    If in doubt, check in the dictionary.
    Where from?
    The usual way of expressing from the is du:
    it comes from the north
    = cela vient du nord
    from the north of Germany
    = du nord de l’Allemagne
    Note also these expressions relating to the direction of the wind:
    the north wind
    = le vent du nord
    a northerly wind
    = un vent du nord
    prevailing north winds
    = des vents dominants du nord
    the wind is in the north
    = le vent est au nord
    the wind is coming from the north
    = le vent vient du nord
    Compass point words used as adjectives
    The French words nord, sud, est and ouest are really nouns, so when they are used as adjectives they are invariable.
    the north coast
    = la côte nord
    the north door
    = la porte nord
    the north face (of a mountain)
    = la face nord
    the north side
    = le côté nord
    the north wall
    = le mur nord
    Nautical bearings
    The preposition by is translated by quart in expressions like the following:
    north by northwest
    = nord quart nord-ouest
    southeast by south
    = sud-est quart sud

    Big English-French dictionary > Points of the compass

  • 2 French provinces and regions

    Both traditional pre-Revolution regions and modern administrative regions usually take the definite article as in l’Alsace, la Champagne etc.:
    I like Alsace
    = j’aime l’Alsace
    Champagne is beautiful
    = la Champagne est belle
    For names which have a compound form, such as Midi-Pyrénées or Rhône-Alpes, it is safer to include the words la région:
    do you know Midi-Pyrénées?
    = connaissez-vous la région Midi-Pyrénées?
    In, to and from somewhere
    There are certain general principles regarding names of French provinces and regions. However, usage is sometimes uncertain ; doubtful items should be checked in the dictionary.
    For in and to, with feminine names and with masculine ones beginning with a vowel, use en without the definite article:
    to live in Burgundy
    = vivre en Bourgogne
    to go to Burgundy
    = aller en Bourgogne
    to live in Anjou
    = vivre en Anjou
    to go to Anjou
    = aller en Anjou
    For in and to with masculine names beginning with a consonant, use dans le:
    to live in the Berry
    = vivre dans le Berry
    to go to the Berry
    = aller dans le Berry
    For from with feminine names and with masculine ones beginning with a vowel, use de without the definite article:
    to come from Burgundy
    = venir de Bourgogne
    to come from Anjou
    = venir d’Anjou
    For from with masculine names beginning with a consonant, use du:
    to come from the Berry
    = venir du Berry
    Regional adjectives
    Related adjectives and nouns exist for most of the names of provinces and regions. Here is a list of the commonest:
    an Alsace accent
    = un accent alsacien
    Alsace costume
    = le costume alsacien
    the Alsace countryside
    = les paysages alsaciens
    Alsace traditions
    = les traditions alsaciennes
    Alsace villages
    = les villages alsaciens
    These words can also be used as nouns, meaning a person from X ; in this case they are written with a capital letter:
    a person from Alsace
    = un Alsacien
    an Alsace woman
    = une Alsacienne
    the people of Alsace
    = les Alsaciens mpl

    Big English-French dictionary > French provinces and regions

  • 3 Languages

    Note that names of languages in French are always written with a small letter, not a capital as in English ; also, French almost always uses the definite article with languages, while English does not. In the examples below the name of any language may be substituted for French and français:
    French is easy
    = le français est facile
    I like French
    = j’aime le français
    to learn French
    = apprendre le français
    However, the article is never used after en:
    say it in French
    = dis-le en français
    a book in French
    = un livre en français
    to translate sth into French
    = traduire qch en français
    and it may be omitted with parler:
    to speak French
    = parler français or parler le français
    When French means in French or of the French, it is translated by français:
    a French expression
    = une expression française
    the French language
    = la langue française
    a French proverb
    = un proverbe français
    a French word
    = un mot français
    and when you want to make it clear you mean in French and not from France, use en français:
    a French book
    = un livre en français
    a French broadcast
    = une émission en français
    When French means relating to French or about French, it is translated by de français:
    a French class
    = une classe de français
    a French course
    = un cours de français
    a French dictionary
    = un dictionnaire de français
    a French teacher
    = un professeur de français
    but
    a French-English dictionary
    = un dictionnaire français-anglais
    See the dictionary entry for - speaking and speaker for expressions like Japanese-speaking or German speaker. French has special words for some of these expressions:
    English-speaking
    = anglophone
    a French speaker
    = un/une francophone
    Note also that language adjectives like French can also refer to nationality e.g. a French tourist ⇒ Nationalities, or to the country e.g. a French town ⇒ Countries and continents.

    Big English-French dictionary > Languages

  • 4 write

    A vtr
    1 ( put down on paper) écrire [letter, poem, novel] (to à) ; composer [song, symphony] ; rédiger [business letter, article, essay, report] ; faire [cheque, prescription] ; écrire [software, program] ; élaborer [legislation] ; she wrote that she was changing jobs elle a écrit qu'elle changeait de travail ; it is written that sout il est écrit que ; he wrote me a cheque for 100 euros il m'a fait un chèque de 100 euros ; it's written in Italian c'est écrit en italien ; I wrote home j'ai écrit à ma famille ; guilt was written all over her face fig la culpabilité se lisait sur son visage ; he had ‘policeman’ written all over him fig ça crevait les yeux qu'il était policier ;
    2 US ( compose a letter to) écrire à [person] ; write me when you get to Rome écris-moi quand tu arriveras à Rome.
    B vi
    1 ( form words) écrire ; to learn to write apprendre à écrire ; to write in pencil/pen écrire au crayon/stylo ; to write neatly/badly écrire bien/mal ; this pen doesn't write ce stylo n'écrit pas ; I have nothing to write with je n'ai rien pour écrire ; give me something to write on donne-moi un papier pour écrire ; to write sth into a contract inclure qch dans un contrat ;
    2 ( compose professionally) écrire (for pour) ; I write for a living je suis écrivain de métier ; to write about ou on traiter de [current affairs, ecology] ;
    3 ( correspond) écrire (to sb à qn) ; I'll try to write every week j'essaierai d'écrire chaque semaine.
    ■ write away écrire (to à) ; to write away for sth demander qch par écrit [catalogue, details].
    ▶ write back répondre (to à) ;
    ▶ write [sth] back Accts, Fin réévaluer [asset] ;
    ▶ write back [sth] écrire [letter].
    ▶ write [sth] down, write down [sth]
    1 ( note) noter [details, name] ; mettre [qch] par écrit [ideas, suggestions] ;
    2 ( record) consigner [qch] par écrit [information, findings, adventures] ;
    3 Comm, Fin ( reduce) réduire [price] ; dévaluer [stocks] ; amortir [debt].
    ■ write in:
    ▶ write in écrire (to sb à qn ; to do pour faire) ; please write in with your suggestions vous êtes invités à nous envoyer vos suggestions ; to write in to écrire une lettre à [TV show, presenter] ;
    ▶ write [sb] in US Pol inscrire le nom de [candidate].
    ■ write off:
    ▶ write off écrire une lettre (to à) ; to write off for écrire pour demander [catalogue, information] ;
    ▶ write [sth/sb] off
    1 ( wreck) gen bousiller ○ complètement [car] ; Insur mettre [qch] en épave [car] ;
    2 Accts passer [qch] par pertes et profits [bad debt, loss] ; amortir [capital] ;
    3 ( end) annuler [debt, project, operation] ;
    4 ( dismiss) [critic] enterrer ○ [person, athlete] ; to write sb off for dead tenir qn pour mort.
    ■ write out:
    ▶ write [sth] out, write out [sth]
    1 ( put down on paper) écrire [instructions, list] ;
    2 ( copy) copier [lines, words] ; write it out again neatly recopie-le au propre ;
    ▶ write [sb] out TV, Radio supprimer [character] (of de).
    ■ write up:
    ▶ write [sth] up, write up [sth]
    1 ( produce in report form) rédiger [findings, notes] ;
    2 Accts, Fin réévaluer [asset].

    Big English-French dictionary > write

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