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1 address
address [ə'dres]∎ the letter is addressed to you cette lettre vous est adressée;∎ it's incorrectly addressed l'adresse est incorrecte∎ address all complaints to the manager adressez vos doléances au directeur;∎ his remarks were addressed to you ses remarques vous étaient adressées∎ she stood up and addressed the audience elle s'est levée et a pris la parole devant l'assistance;∎ a judge should be addressed as "your honour" on devrait s'adresser à un juge en disant "votre honneur";∎ to address the chair s'adresser au président∎ to address oneself to a problem aborder un problème;∎ to address oneself to a task s'attaquer ou se mettre à une tâche(e) (take position facing) faire face à2 noun(a) (of building, person, letter) adresse f;∎ a Glasgow address une adresse à Glasgow;∎ what is your address? quelle est ton adresse?;∎ we've changed our address nous avons changé d'adresse;∎ have you notified him of any change of address? lui avez-vous fait part d'éventuels changements d'adresse?;∎ they left no (forwarding) address ils n'ont pas laissé d'adresse;∎ not known at this address (on returned letter) inconnu à cette adresse∎ form of address titre m;∎ what's the correct form of address for a bishop? comment doit-on s'adresser à un évêque?∎ she showed considerable address in her handling of the situation elle fit preuve d'une grande habileté dans la façon dont elle traita l'affaire∎ addresses galanteries fpl;∎ to pay one's addresses to sb faire la cour à qnComputing address bus bus m d'adresse;Computing address file fichier m d'adresses;address label étiquette f d'adresse -
2 address
1 noun(a) (of person, company) adresse faddress book carnet m d'adresses;address label étiquette-adresse faddress bus bus m d'adresses;address file fichier m d'adresses∎ who's the letter addressed to? à qui la lettre est-elle adressée?;∎ the letter was addressed to the personnel manager la lettre était adressée au directeur du personnelplease address all enquiries to the personnel department faire parvenir toute demande de renseignements au service du personnel(c) (speak to) s'adresser à;∎ to address a meeting prendre la parole lors d'une réunion -
3 any
any [ˈenɪ]1. adjectivea.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The construction not... any is generally translated in French by pas... de.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━b. (in questions and "if" clauses) have you got any butter? avez-vous du beurre ?• did they find any survivors? ont-ils trouvé des survivants ?• are there any others? y en a-t-il d'autres ?• is there any risk? y a-t-il un risque ?c. ( = no matter which) n'importe quel ; ( = each and every) tout• you can come at any hour of the day or night vous pouvez venir à toute heure du jour ou de la nuit2. pronouna. (with negative) she has two brothers but I haven't got any elle a deux frères mais moi je n'en ai pas• a lot of people booked but hardly any came beaucoup de gens avaient réservé, mais presque personne n'est venub. (in questions and "if" clauses) have you got any? en avez-vous ?• few, if any, will come il viendra peu de gens, si tant est qu'il en viennec. ( = no matter which one) any of those books will do n'importe lequel de ces livres fera l'affaire3. adverba. ► any + comparative• are you feeling any better? vous sentez-vous un peu mieux ?• if it had been any colder we'd have frozen to death si la température avait encore baissé, nous serions morts de froid• do you want any more soup? voulez-vous encore de la soupe ?• I couldn't do that any more than I could fly je ne serais pas plus capable de faire cela que de volerb. ► not any + comparative* * *Note: When any is used as a determiner in negative sentences it is not usually translated in French: we don't have any money = nous n'avons pas d'argentWhen any is used as a determiner in questions it is translated by du, de l', de la or des according to the gender and number of the noun that follows: is there any soap? = y a-t-il du savon?; is there any flour? = y a-t-il de la farine?; are there any questions? = est-ce qu'il y a des questions?When any is used as a pronoun in negative sentences and in questions it is translated by en: we don't have any = nous n'en avons pas; have you got any? = est-ce que vous en avez?For adverbial uses such as any more, any longer, any better etc see III below['enɪ] 1.1) (with negative, implied negative)2) (in questions, conditional sentences)3) ( no matter which) n'importe quel/quelle, toutany complaints should be addressed to Mr Cook — pour toute réclamation adressez-vous à M. Cook
I do not wish to restrict your freedom in any way — je n'ai pas l'intention d'entraver votre liberté de quelque façon que ce soit
2.if you should want to discuss this at any time — si à un moment ou à un autre vous souhaitez discuter de cela
1) (with negative, implied negative)she doesn't like any of them — ( people) elle n'aime aucun d'entre eux/elles; ( things) elle n'en aime aucun/-e
2) (in questions, conditional sentences)I'd like some tea, if you have any — je voudrais du thé, si vous en avez
have any of you got a car? — est-ce que l'un/-e d'entre vous a une voiture?
3) ( no matter which) n'importe lequel/laquelle‘which colour would you like?’ - ‘any’ — ‘quelle couleur veux-tu?’ - ‘n'importe laquelle’
3.any of them could do it — n'importe qui d'entre eux/elles pourrait le faire
1) ( with comparatives)he doesn't live here any more ou longer — il n'habite plus ici
2) (colloq) ( at all) du tout -
4 stamp
[stæmp] 1. verb1) (to bring (the foot) down with force (on the ground): He stamped his foot with rage; She stamped on the insect.) taper du pied sur2) (to print or mark on to: He stamped the date at the top of his letter; The oranges were all stamped with the exporter's name.) tamponner3) (to stick a postage stamp on (a letter etc): I've addressed the envelope but haven't stamped it.) timbrer2. noun1) (an act of stamping the foot: `Give it to me!' she shouted with a stamp of her foot.) trépignement2) (the instrument used to stamp a design etc on a surface: He marked the date on the bill with a rubber date-stamp.) tampon3) (a postage stamp: He stuck the stamps on the parcel; He collects foreign stamps.) timbre(-poste)4) (a design etc made by stamping: All the goods bore the manufacturer's stamp.) estampille• -
5 Forms of address
Only those forms of address in frequent use are included here ; titles of members of the nobility or of church dignitaries are not covered ; for the use of military ranks as titles ⇒ Military ranks and titles.Speaking to someoneWhere English puts the surname after the title, French normally uses the title alone (note that when speaking to someone, French does not use a capital letter for monsieur, madame and mademoiselle, unlike English Mr etc., nor for titles such as docteur).good morning, Mr Johnson= bonjour, monsieurgood evening, Mrs Jones= bonsoir, madamegoodbye, Miss Smith= au revoir, mademoiselleThe French monsieur and madame tend to be used more often than the English Mr X or Mrs Y. Also, in English, people often say simply Good morning or Excuse me ; in the equivalent situation in French, they might say Bonjour, monsieur or Pardon, madame. However, the French are slower than the British, and much slower than the Americans, to use someone’s first name, so hi there, Peter! to a colleague may well be simply bonjour!, or bonjour, monsieur ; bonjour, cher ami ; bonjour, mon vieux etc., depending on the degree of familiarity that exists.In both languages, other titles are also used, e.g.:hallo, Dr. Brown or hallo, Doctor= bonjour, docteurIn some cases where titles are not used in English, they are used in French, e.g. bonjour, Monsieur le directeur or bonjour, Madame la directrice to a head teacher, or bonjour, maître to a lawyer of either sex. Other titles, such as professeur ( in the sense of professor), are used much less than their English equivalents in direct address. Where in English one might say Good morning, Professor, in French one would probably say Bonjour, monsieur or Bonjour, madame.Titles of important positions are used in direct forms of address, preceded by Monsieur le or Madame le or Madame la, as in:yes, Chair= oui, Monsieur le président or (to a woman) oui, Madame la présidenteyes, Minister= oui, Monsieur le ministre or (to a woman) oui, Madame le ministreNote the use of Madame le when the noun in question, like ministre here, or professeur and other titles, has no feminine form, or no acceptable feminine. A woman Member of Parliament is addressed as Madame le député, a woman Senator Madame le sénateur, a woman judge Madame le juge and a woman mayor Madame le maire. Women often prefer the masculine word even when a feminine form does exist, as in Madame l’ambassadeur to a woman ambassador, Madame l’ambassadrice being reserved for the wife of an ambassador.Speaking about someoneMr Smith is here= monsieur Smith est làMrs Jones phoned= madame Jones a téléphonéMiss Black has arrived= mademoiselle Black est arrivéeMs Brown has left= madame Brown or (as appropriate) mademoiselle Brown est partie(French has no equivalent of Ms.)When the title accompanies someone’s name, the definite article must be used in French:Dr Blake has arrived= le docteur Blake est arrivéProfessor Jones spoke= le professeur Jones a parléThis is true of all titles:Prince Charles= le prince CharlesPrincess Marie= la princesse MarieNote that with royal etc. titles, only 1er is spoken as an ordinal number (premier) in French ; unlike English, all the others are spoken as cardinal numbers (deux, trois, and so on).King Richard I= le roi Richard 1er ( say Richard premier)Queen Elizabeth II= la reine Elizabeth II ( say Elizabeth deux)Pope John XXIII= le pape Jean XXIII ( say Jean vingt-trois) -
6 any
❢ When any is used as a determiner in negative sentences it is not usually translated in French: we don't have any money = nous n'avons pas d'argent.When any is used as a determiner in questions it is translated by du, de l', de la or des according to the gender and number of the noun that follows: is there any soap? = y a-t-il du savon? ; is there any flour? = y a-t-il de la farine? ; are there any questions? = est-ce qu'il y a des questions? For examples and other determiner uses see A in the entry below. When any is used as a pronoun in negative sentences and in questions it is translated by en: we don't have any = nous n'en avons pas ; have you got any? = est-ce que vous en avez? For more examples and other pronoun uses see B below. For adverbial uses such as any more, any longer, any better etc see C below.A det1 (with negative, implied negative) he hasn't got any money/food il n'a pas d'argent/de nourriture ; they never receive any letters ils ne reçoivent jamais de lettres ; they hardly ate any cake ils n'ont presque pas mangé de gâteau ; I don't want any breakfast/lunch je ne veux pas de petit déjeuner/déjeuner ; I don't need any advice je n'ai pas besoin de conseils ; they couldn't get any details ils n'ont pas obtenu la moindre information ; he hasn't got any common sense il n'a aucun bon sens ;2 (in questions, conditional sentences) is there any tea/bread? est-ce qu'il y a du thé/pain? ; have you got any plums? est-ce que vous avez des prunes? ; if you have any doubts si vous avez le moindre doute ; if you have any money si vous avez de l'argent ;3 ( no matter which) n'importe quel/quelle, tout ; any hat/pen will do n'importe quel chapeau/stylo fera l'affaire ; you can have any cup you like vous pouvez prendre n'importe quelle tasse ; any teacher will tell you the same thing n'importe quel professeur te dira la même chose ; any information would be very useful tout renseignement serait très utile ; any complaints should be addressed to Mr Cook pour toute réclamation adressez-vous à M. Cook ; any child caught smoking will be punished tout enfant surpris à fumer sera puni ; I'm ready to help in any way I can je suis prêt à faire tout ce que je peux pour aider ; I do not wish to restrict your freedom in any way je n'ai pas l'intention d'entraver votre liberté de quelque façon que ce soit ; he might return at any time il peut revenir d'un moment à l'autre ; if you should want to discuss this at any time si à un moment ou à un autre vous souhaitez discuter de cela ; come round and see me any time passe me voir quand tu veux ; any one of you could have done it n'importe qui d'entre vous aurait pu le faire ; I don't buy any one brand in particular je n'achète aucune marque en particulier ; you can only take out £200 at any one time vous ne pouvez retirer que 200 livres sterling à chaque fois ; ⇒ case, chance, event, means, minute, old, rate.B pron1 (with negative, implied negative) he hasn't got any il n'en a pas ; there is hardly any left il n'en reste presque pas ; there aren't any others il n'y en a pas d'autres ; she doesn't like any of them ( people) elle n'aime aucun d'entre eux/elles ; ( things) elle n'en aime aucun/-e ;2 (in questions, conditional sentences) I'd like some tea, if you have any je voudrais du thé, si vous en avez ; have you got any? est-ce que vous en avez? ; have any of you got a car? est-ce que l'un/-e d'entre vous a une voiture? ; are any of them blue? y en a-t-il des bleus? ; we have very few blue shirts left, if any il doit rester très peu de chemises bleues, si toutefois il en reste ; if we have any, they'll be over there si nous en avons, ils/elles seront là-bas ;3 ( no matter which) n'importe lequel/laquelle ; ‘which colour would you like?’-‘any’ ‘quelle couleur veux-tu?’-‘n'importe laquelle’ ; any of those pens n'importe lequel de ces stylos ; any of them could do it n'importe qui d'entre eux/elles pourrait le faire.C adv1 ( with comparatives) there isn't any better lawyer in the country c'est le meilleur avocat du pays ; is he feeling any better? est-ce qu'il se sent mieux? ; have you got any more of these? est-ce que vous en avez d'autres? ; do you want any more wine? voulez-vous encore du vin? ; we can't give you any more than £4 an hour nous ne pouvons pas vous donner plus de 4 livres sterling de l'heure ; I can't paint pictures any more than I can write poetry je ne suis pas plus capable de peindre des tableaux que d'écrire des poèmes ; I don't like him any more than you do je ne l'aime guère plus que toi ; I don't know any more than that c'est tout ce que je sais ; any more of that and I'm leaving si ça continue je m'en vais ; any more stealing and you'll be in big trouble ○ si tu continues à voler tu vas avoir de gros problèmes ; he doesn't live here any more ou longer il n'habite plus ici ; I won't put up with it any longer ça ne peut pas continuer ainsi ; if we stay here any longer si nous restons plus longtemps ; can't you walk any faster? tu ne peux pas marcher plus vite? ; if it gets any hotter in here I shall have to leave s'il se met à faire plus chaud il faudra que je sorte ; I can't leave any later than 6 o'clock il faut que je parte à 6 heures au plus tard ;2 ○ ( at all) du tout ; that doesn't help me any ça ne m'aide pas du tout ; it didn't bother him any ça ne l'a pas du tout dérangé.
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