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issue+suddenly

  • 1 dead

    ded
    1. adjective
    1) (without life; not living: a dead body; Throw out those dead flowers.) muerto
    2) (not working and not giving any sign of being about to work: The phone/engine is dead.) desconectado, cortado
    3) (absolute or complete: There was dead silence at his words; He came to a dead stop.) total, completo

    2. adverb
    (completely: dead drunk.) completamente
    - deadly
    3. adverb
    (extremely: deadly dull; deadly serious.) terriblemente
    - dead-end
    - dead heat
    - dead language
    - deadline
    - deadlock

    dead1 adj muerto
    those flowers are dead, throw them away esas flores están muertas, tíralas
    dead2 n los muertos
    tr[ded]
    1 (not alive) muerto,-a
    he was shot dead lo mataron de un tiro, lo mataron a tiros
    2 (obsolete - language) muerto,-a; (- custom) desusado,-a, en desuso; (finished with - topic, issue, debate) agotado,-a, pasado,-a; (- glass, bottle) terminado,-a, acabado,-a
    is this glass dead? ¿has terminado con el vaso?
    3 (numb) entumecido,-a, dormido,-a
    4 (not functioning - telephone) desconectado,-a, cortado,-a; (- machine) averiado,-a; (- battery) descargado,-a, gastado,-a; (- match) gastado,-a
    6 (dull, quiet, not busy) muerto,-a
    7 (sounds) sordo,-a; (colours) apagado,-a
    8 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (ball) muerto,-a
    9 (total) total, completo,-a, absoluto,-a
    1 (completely, absolutely) completamente, sumamente; (as intensifier) muy
    2 (exactly) justo
    1 los,-las muertos,-as
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    a dead duck un fracaso total
    in the dead of winter en pleno invierno, en lo más crudo del invierno
    over my dead body! ¡sobre mi cadáver!
    to be a dead cert ser algo seguro,-a
    to be a dead loss no servir para nada, ser un desastre
    to be a dead ringer for somebody ser idéntico,-a a alguien
    to be dead beat estar hecho,-a polvo
    to be dead on one's feet estar hecho,-a polvo
    to be dead (set) against something oponerse totalmente a algo
    to be dead set on doing something estar empeñado,-a en hacer algo, estar decidido,-a a hacer algo
    to be dead to the world estar dormido,-a como un tronco
    to be the dead spit of somebody ser el vivo retrato de alguien
    to come to a dead end llegar a un callejón sin salida
    to come to a dead stop detenerse en seco
    to drop dead caer muerto,-a
    drop dead! ¡vete al cuerno!
    to stop dead parar(se) en seco
    not to be seen dead doing something no hacer algo por nada del mundo
    I wouldn't be seen dead with him! ¡no saldría con él por nada del mundo!, ¡no saldría con él ni muerta!
    dead calm calma chicha
    dead end callejón nombre masculino sin salida
    dead letter SMALLLAW/SMALL letra muerta
    dead weight peso muerto
    the Dead Sea el Mar Muerto
    dead ['dɛd] adv
    1) abruptly: repentinamente, súbitamente
    to stop dead: parar en seco
    2) absolutely: absolutamente
    I'm dead certain: estoy absolutamente seguro
    3) directly: justo
    dead ahead: justo adelante
    dead adj
    1) lifeless: muerto
    2) numb: entumecido
    3) indifferent: indiferente, frío
    4) inactive: inactivo
    a dead volcano: un volcán inactivo
    5) : desconectado (dícese del teléfono), descargado (dícese de una batería)
    6) exhausted: agotado, derrengado, muerto
    7) obsolete: obsoleto, muerto
    a dead language: una lengua muerta
    8) exact: exacto
    in the dead center: justo en el blanco
    dead n
    1)
    the dead : los muertos
    2)
    in the dead of night : a las altas horas de la noche
    3)
    in the dead of winter : en pleno invierno
    adj.
    exangüe adj.
    insensible adj.
    mortecino, -a adj.
    muerto, -a adj.
    adv.
    directamente adv.

    I ded
    1) ( no longer alive) muerto

    dead bodycadáver m, cuerpo m sin vida

    he was dead on arrival at the hospital — cuando llegó al hospital ya había muerto, ingresó cadáver (Esp)

    to drop dead — caerse* muerto

    drop dead!vete al demonio or al diablo!

    as dead as a dodo o doornail — requetemuerto (fam)

    dead and gone: when I'm dead and gone cuando yo me muera; not to be seen o caught dead (colloq): I wouldn't be seen o caught dead in that dress — yo no me pondría ese vestido ni muerta or ni loca; body 1) c)

    2)
    a) ( numb) (usu pred) dormido

    to go dead\<\<limb\>\> dormirse*

    to be dead TO something — ser* sordo a algo

    3) (very tired, ill) (colloq) muerto (fam)
    4)
    a) ( obsolete) < language> muerto; < custom> en desuso
    b) (past, finished with) < issue> pasado
    5)
    a) ( not functioning) <wire/circuit> desconectado; < telephone> desconectado, cortado; < battery> descargado
    b) ( not alight) <fire/match> apagado
    c) ( not busy) <town/hotel/party> muerto

    II
    1)
    a) ( exactly) justo

    she was dead on time — (esp BrE) llegó puntualísima

    b) ( directly) justo, directamente
    c) ( suddenly)
    2)
    a) ( absolutely) (colloq) <straight/level> completamente

    dead tiredmuerto (de cansancio) (fam), cansadísimo

    to be dead certain o sure — estar* totalmente seguro

    it was dead easyestuvo regalado or tirado (fam)

    dead boring/expensive — aburridísimo/carísimo


    III
    1) (+ pl vb)
    2) ( depth)

    in the o (BrE also) at dead of night — a altas horas de la noche or de la madrugada

    [ded]
    1. ADJ
    1) [person, animal, plant] muerto, difunto frm; [leaf] marchito, seco

    dead or alivevivo o muerto

    to be dead on arrival (in hospital) ingresar cadáver

    dead and buried — (lit, fig) muerto y bien muerto

    to drop (down) dead — caer muerto

    drop dead! * — ¡vete al cuerno! *

    to fall down dead — caer muerto

    dead duck —

    - be dead on one's feet
    - flog a dead horse
    - be dead in the water
    2) * (=finished with)

    is that glass/drink dead? — ¿ha terminado su vaso?, ¿puedo levantar su vaso?

    3) (=inactive) [volcano, fire] apagado; [cigarette, match] gastado; [battery] agotado; [telephone line] cortado, desconectado; [wire] sin corriente; [language, love, town, party] muerto; [custom] anticuado; (Sport) [ball] parado, fuera de juego

    the line has gone dead — (Telec) la línea está cortada or muerta

    4) (=numb)

    my fingers have gone dead — (gen) se me han dormido los dedos; (with cold) se me han entumecido los dedos

    he is dead to all pity — es incapaz de sentir compasión

    5) (=complete) [silence, calm] total, completo; (=exact) [centre] justo

    a dead cert *una cosa segura

    to fall into a dead faintdesmayarse totalmente

    a dead loss *(=person) un inútil; (=thing) una birria

    a dead ringer for * — el doble de, la viva imagen de

    to come to a dead stoppararse en seco

    2. ADV
    1) (=completely, exactly)

    dead slow — (Aut) reducir la marcha; (Naut) muy despacio

    to be dead against sth — estar totalmente opuesto a algo

    dead ahead — todo seguido, todo derecho

    dead between the eyes — justo entre los ojos

    to be dead set on doing sth — estar decidido a hacer algo

    dead straight — todo seguido, todo derecho

    dead on targetjusto en el blanco

    dead on timea la hora exacta

    2) (Brit)
    * (=very)

    to be dead beatestar hecho polvo *

    dead brokesin un duro

    dead drunkborracho perdido

    dead easy — facilón, chupado **

    3)
    - cut sb dead
    3. N
    1)

    to come back or rise from the dead — resucitar

    2)

    at dead of night, in the dead of night — a altas horas de la noche

    4.
    CPD

    dead end N — (lit, fig) callejón m sin salida

    to come to a dead end — (fig) llegar a un punto muerto

    dead-end

    dead hand N — (fig) [of state, bureaucracy] peso m muerto

    dead heat N — (Sport) empate m

    dead-heat

    dead letter Nletra f muerta

    dead march Nmarcha f fúnebre

    dead matter Nmateria f inanimada

    Dead Sea Nmar m Muerto

    the dead season N — (Tourism) la temporada baja

    dead weight Npeso m muerto; [of vehicle] tara f ; (fig) lastre m, carga f inútil

    * * *

    I [ded]
    1) ( no longer alive) muerto

    dead bodycadáver m, cuerpo m sin vida

    he was dead on arrival at the hospital — cuando llegó al hospital ya había muerto, ingresó cadáver (Esp)

    to drop dead — caerse* muerto

    drop dead!vete al demonio or al diablo!

    as dead as a dodo o doornail — requetemuerto (fam)

    dead and gone: when I'm dead and gone cuando yo me muera; not to be seen o caught dead (colloq): I wouldn't be seen o caught dead in that dress — yo no me pondría ese vestido ni muerta or ni loca; body 1) c)

    2)
    a) ( numb) (usu pred) dormido

    to go dead\<\<limb\>\> dormirse*

    to be dead TO something — ser* sordo a algo

    3) (very tired, ill) (colloq) muerto (fam)
    4)
    a) ( obsolete) < language> muerto; < custom> en desuso
    b) (past, finished with) < issue> pasado
    5)
    a) ( not functioning) <wire/circuit> desconectado; < telephone> desconectado, cortado; < battery> descargado
    b) ( not alight) <fire/match> apagado
    c) ( not busy) <town/hotel/party> muerto

    II
    1)
    a) ( exactly) justo

    she was dead on time — (esp BrE) llegó puntualísima

    b) ( directly) justo, directamente
    c) ( suddenly)
    2)
    a) ( absolutely) (colloq) <straight/level> completamente

    dead tiredmuerto (de cansancio) (fam), cansadísimo

    to be dead certain o sure — estar* totalmente seguro

    it was dead easyestuvo regalado or tirado (fam)

    dead boring/expensive — aburridísimo/carísimo


    III
    1) (+ pl vb)
    2) ( depth)

    in the o (BrE also) at dead of night — a altas horas de la noche or de la madrugada

    English-spanish dictionary > dead

  • 2 delicado

    adj.
    1 delicate, frail, breakable, fragile.
    2 touch-and-go, delicate, sensible.
    3 finicky, overparticular about trivial details, fiddly, pernickety.
    * * *
    1 (fino) delicate; (exquisito) exquisite; (refinado) refined
    2 (difícil) delicate, difficult
    3 (enfermizo) frail, delicate
    4 (frágil) fragile
    5 (exigente) fussy, fastidious, hard to please
    6 (cortés) refined, polite
    7 (muy sensible) hypersensitive, extremely sensitive
    \
    manjar delicado delicacy
    * * *
    (f. - delicada)
    adj.
    2) fine
    3) ill
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=suave) [tejido, piel] delicate; [tela] fine; [color] soft
    2) (=frágil) [máquina] sensitive; [salud] delicate
    3) (=fino) [rasgos] delicate, fine; [gusto] delicate, subtle
    4) (=difícil) [situación] delicate, tricky; [punto] sore; [tema] delicate
    5) [persona] (=difícil de contentar) hard to please, fussy; (=sensible) hypersensitive; (=discreto) tactful; (=atento) considerate
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( fino) <rasgos/manos> delicate; < sabor> delicate, subtle; <lenguaje/modales> refined
    2)
    a) ( que requiere cuidados) <cerámica/cristal> fragile; < tela> delicate; < piel> sensitive

    prendas delicadas — delicates, delicate garments

    3) <asunto/cuestión/tema> delicate, sensitive; < situación> delicate, tricky
    4)
    a) ( melindroso) delicate, fussy
    b) ( susceptible) touchy
    * * *
    = gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], sensitive, tricky [trickier -comp., trickiest -sup.], delicate, ticklish, awkward, choosy [choosey] [choosier -comp., choosiest -sup.], touchy, frail, tender [tenderer -comp., tenderest -sup.], dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], lissom(e), fragile, fussy [fussier -comp., fussiest -sup.], picky [pickier -comp., pickiest -sup.].
    Ex. Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.
    Ex. Numerous different models are available, ranging from models where communication is via a heat sensitive screen, through to terminals linked to an outside computer by a telephone line.
    Ex. Bertrand Russell has written a great deal of sense about the tricky problem of individual liberty and achievement and its relationship to government control.
    Ex. Despite the incompetence of most eighteenth-century block-makers, woodcuts never quite disappeared, and they returned to favour in the delicate form called 'wood-engraving' at the end of the hand-press period.
    Ex. The vast majority of management problems, even those which seem at first glance to be wholly planning or organizing or controlling problems, usually turn out to be bristling with ticklish human relations problems.
    Ex. Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.
    Ex. I became a hungry reader who was not choosy at all about the food.
    Ex. Censorship is a touchy subject with prison librarians.
    Ex. Previous research has demonstrated that frail elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments have greater unmet needs than elderly who reside in traditional community housing.
    Ex. A single drawing can have a highly emotional impact and can be effective as either a heavy, bold statement or a tender reminder.
    Ex. They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.
    Ex. She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.
    Ex. The material which carries the message is fragile.
    Ex. Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.
    Ex. If by chance she gets close to a boy that she likes she suddenly get very picky and think of all his negative points.
    ----
    * asunto delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.
    * pregunta delicada = awkward question.
    * ser muy delicado con la comida = be a picky eater.
    * ser muy delicado para comer = be a picky eater.
    * tejido muy delicado = gossamer.
    * tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo
    1) ( fino) <rasgos/manos> delicate; < sabor> delicate, subtle; <lenguaje/modales> refined
    2)
    a) ( que requiere cuidados) <cerámica/cristal> fragile; < tela> delicate; < piel> sensitive

    prendas delicadas — delicates, delicate garments

    3) <asunto/cuestión/tema> delicate, sensitive; < situación> delicate, tricky
    4)
    a) ( melindroso) delicate, fussy
    b) ( susceptible) touchy
    * * *
    = gentle [gentler -comp., gentlest -sup.], sensitive, tricky [trickier -comp., trickiest -sup.], delicate, ticklish, awkward, choosy [choosey] [choosier -comp., choosiest -sup.], touchy, frail, tender [tenderer -comp., tenderest -sup.], dainty [daintier -comp., daintiest -sup.], lissom(e), fragile, fussy [fussier -comp., fussiest -sup.], picky [pickier -comp., pickiest -sup.].

    Ex: Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as she recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.

    Ex: Numerous different models are available, ranging from models where communication is via a heat sensitive screen, through to terminals linked to an outside computer by a telephone line.
    Ex: Bertrand Russell has written a great deal of sense about the tricky problem of individual liberty and achievement and its relationship to government control.
    Ex: Despite the incompetence of most eighteenth-century block-makers, woodcuts never quite disappeared, and they returned to favour in the delicate form called 'wood-engraving' at the end of the hand-press period.
    Ex: The vast majority of management problems, even those which seem at first glance to be wholly planning or organizing or controlling problems, usually turn out to be bristling with ticklish human relations problems.
    Ex: Access is impaired by archaic, awkward, or simply strange headings that most normal persons would never look for on their first try.
    Ex: I became a hungry reader who was not choosy at all about the food.
    Ex: Censorship is a touchy subject with prison librarians.
    Ex: Previous research has demonstrated that frail elderly living in subsidized high-rise apartments have greater unmet needs than elderly who reside in traditional community housing.
    Ex: A single drawing can have a highly emotional impact and can be effective as either a heavy, bold statement or a tender reminder.
    Ex: They then went to a rather dainty little Italian restaurant where they ate a scrumptious meal and drank a bottle of wine.
    Ex: She is not just lissome and beautiful, but also cultured, artful, expressive, and energetic.
    Ex: The material which carries the message is fragile.
    Ex: Librarians are expected, by their popular media image, to be fussy, nit-picking, pedants.
    Ex: If by chance she gets close to a boy that she likes she suddenly get very picky and think of all his negative points.
    * asunto delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.
    * pregunta delicada = awkward question.
    * ser muy delicado con la comida = be a picky eater.
    * ser muy delicado para comer = be a picky eater.
    * tejido muy delicado = gossamer.
    * tema delicado = sore subject, sore spot, sore point, sensitive issue, hot potato.

    * * *
    A (fino) ‹rasgos/manos› delicate; ‹sabor› delicate, subtle; ‹lenguaje/modales› refined
    ¡qué delicada eres! ¿qué más da si está un poco quemado? you're so fussy! what does it matter if it's a little burned?
    B (que requiere cuidados) ‹cerámica/cristal› fragile; ‹tela› delicate
    prendas delicadas delicates, delicate garments
    una crema para pieles delicadas a cream for sensitive skin
    la delicada piel del bebé the baby's delicate skin
    ¡qué delicado eres! no lo dijo por molestarte don't be so touchy! he didn't mean to upset you
    está delicado del estómago his stomach's a little delicate
    tiene el corazón delicado he has a weak o delicate o bad heart
    después de la operación quedó muy delicado he was very frail o weak after his operation
    D ‹asunto/cuestión/tema› delicate, sensitive; ‹situación› delicate, tricky
    * * *

     

    delicado
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1 ( fino) ‹rasgos/manos delicate;
    sabor delicate, subtle;
    lenguaje/modales refined
    2
    a) ( que requiere cuidados) ‹cerámica/cristal fragile;

    tela delicate;
    piel sensitive
    b)salud/estómago delicate;

    corazón weak
    3asunto/cuestión/tema delicate, sensitive;
    situación delicate, tricky
    4


    delicado,-a adjetivo
    1 (frágil, primoroso) delicate
    una delicada porcelana, a delicate porcelain figure
    ese jarrón es muy delicado, that vase is very fragile
    2 (enfermizo) delicate: está delicada del corazón, she has a weak heart
    3 (exigente) fussy, hard to please: Juan es muy delicado para la comida, Juan is a fussy eater
    4 (difícil de tratar) un asunto delicado, a delicate matter
    ' delicado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    delicada
    - dulce
    - exquisita
    - exquisito
    - primor
    - asunto
    - embromado
    - fregado
    - jorobado
    - maniático
    - melindroso
    - remilgón
    - tema
    English:
    dainty
    - delicate
    - fine
    - fragile
    - frail
    - picky
    - sensitive
    - slight
    - sore
    - subject
    - subtle
    - ticklish
    - touch on
    - touchy
    - tricky
    - awkward
    - delicacy
    - shaky
    - subtlety
    * * *
    delicado, -a adj
    1. [aroma, gesto, manos] delicate;
    un perfume muy delicado a very delicate perfume
    2. [material, objeto] delicate;
    piel delicada sensitive o delicate skin;
    loción hidratante para pieles delicadas moisturizing lotion for sensitive skin;
    detergente para ropa delicada o [m5] prendas delicadas detergent for delicates
    3. [asunto, situación] delicate, tricky;
    una situación delicada a delicate o tricky situation
    4. [persona] [débil, enfermizo] weak, delicate;
    su estado (de salud) es delicado his condition is delicate;
    estar delicado de salud to have delicate health;
    estar delicado del corazón to have a weak heart
    5. [persona] [sensible] sensitive
    6. [educado] [persona] polite;
    [lenguaje, modales] refined
    7. [persona] [tiquismiquis] fussy, choosy, picky;
    es demasiado delicado para ir de camping he likes his creature comforts too much to go camping;
    ¡no seas delicado, hay que comérselo todo! don't be so picky, you've got to eat all of it!
    * * *
    adj delicate
    * * *
    delicado, -da adj
    1) : delicate, fine
    2) : sensitive, frail
    3) : difficult, tricky
    4) : fussy, hard to please
    5) : tactful, considerate
    * * *
    delicado adj delicate

    Spanish-English dictionary > delicado

  • 3 resolver un problema

    (v.) = resolve + issue, resolve + problem, solve + problem, work out + problem, unlock + problem, settle + problem, sort out + problem, clear up + problem, work + problem + through, address + limitation, straighten out + problem, iron out + problem, work out + kink
    Ex. I think the plans to develop networking and an online authority file will do much to resolve the issue.
    Ex. RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network) is a system used by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), a group dedicated to resolving common problems in collection development, management, access and preservation.
    Ex. The examples in figure 4.4 show some of the approaches to solving these problems.
    Ex. Reading literature is a game-playing activity in which we 'try out' various possible solutions to life- problems and see how they might be worked out before having to tackle them in reality.
    Ex. Each is currently a vogue word (often a vague word as well), and each is suddenly all-important to the unlocking of social problems.
    Ex. The librarian should rely on policy to settle routine problems, and reserve the big problems for thorough analysis.
    Ex. Initial responses from parish clerks indicated that problems did not exist, but interviews with all the households in one parish revealed that 59% said that they had to sort out a problem in the last few months.
    Ex. The library staff involved in the day to day running of the library may be called upon quite often to fix certain minor faults or clear up problems and misunderstandings on the part of the user.
    Ex. She tells a story of courage in which the crew and the mission control pull together to work the problem through.
    Ex. A number of approaches have been developed in the field of medicine that seek to address these limitations.
    Ex. Straighten out the problem, give him a few parental murmurs of comfort, a pat or two, then leave again.
    Ex. She is quick to get hot under the collar, but once the problem is ironed out she forgets it entirely.
    Ex. The new geothermal system still has a few kinks that need to be worked out.
    * * *
    (v.) = resolve + issue, resolve + problem, solve + problem, work out + problem, unlock + problem, settle + problem, sort out + problem, clear up + problem, work + problem + through, address + limitation, straighten out + problem, iron out + problem, work out + kink

    Ex: I think the plans to develop networking and an online authority file will do much to resolve the issue.

    Ex: RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network) is a system used by the Research Libraries Group (RLG), a group dedicated to resolving common problems in collection development, management, access and preservation.
    Ex: The examples in figure 4.4 show some of the approaches to solving these problems.
    Ex: Reading literature is a game-playing activity in which we 'try out' various possible solutions to life- problems and see how they might be worked out before having to tackle them in reality.
    Ex: Each is currently a vogue word (often a vague word as well), and each is suddenly all-important to the unlocking of social problems.
    Ex: The librarian should rely on policy to settle routine problems, and reserve the big problems for thorough analysis.
    Ex: Initial responses from parish clerks indicated that problems did not exist, but interviews with all the households in one parish revealed that 59% said that they had to sort out a problem in the last few months.
    Ex: The library staff involved in the day to day running of the library may be called upon quite often to fix certain minor faults or clear up problems and misunderstandings on the part of the user.
    Ex: She tells a story of courage in which the crew and the mission control pull together to work the problem through.
    Ex: A number of approaches have been developed in the field of medicine that seek to address these limitations.
    Ex: Straighten out the problem, give him a few parental murmurs of comfort, a pat or two, then leave again.
    Ex: She is quick to get hot under the collar, but once the problem is ironed out she forgets it entirely.
    Ex: The new geothermal system still has a few kinks that need to be worked out.

    Spanish-English dictionary > resolver un problema

  • 4 difundir

    v.
    1 to spread (noticia, doctrina, epidemia).
    2 to spread out, to broadcast, to blaze abroad, to diffuse.
    La prensa difunde las noticias The press spreads out the news.
    El cono difundía energía The cone diffused energy.
    * * *
    1 (luz, calor) to diffuse
    2 figurado (noticia, enfermedad) to spread
    3 RADIO TELEVISIÓN to broadcast
    1 (luz, calor) to be diffused
    2 figurado (noticia, enfermedad) to spread
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=extender) [+ calor, luz] to diffuse; [+ gas] to give off
    2) (=propagar) [+ programa, imagen] to broadcast, transmit; [+ teoría, ideología] to spread, disseminate
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <noticia/rumor> to spread; <ideas/doctrina> to spread, disseminate; < comunicado> to issue
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, diffuse, propagate out to, cascade, propagate, bruit, trumpet.
    Ex. The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.
    Ex. This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex. A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.
    Ex. Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex. As everywhere, research in library and information science in Australia is diffused over the myriad topics that make up the field.
    Ex. We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex. This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex. The update, once started, propagates through the database, respecting local integrity rules for each affected object.
    Ex. Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex. Just weeks after trumpeting the results of a military offensive, the Pakistan army suddenly finds itself under attack on multiple fronts.
    ----
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * difundir el evangelio = spread + the gospel.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difundir la imagen = spread + the good word, pass on + the good word.
    * difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * difundir mentiras = spread + lies.
    * difundir noticias = broadcast + news.
    * difundirse = find + Posesivo + way, percolate.
    * difundir una idea = spread + view, spread + an idea, circulate + Posesivo + idea.
    * difundir un rumor = spread + rumour.
    * noticias + difundirse = news + spread.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo <noticia/rumor> to spread; <ideas/doctrina> to spread, disseminate; < comunicado> to issue
    * * *
    = disseminate, promulgate, publicise [publicize, -USA], report, diffuse, propagate out to, cascade, propagate, bruit, trumpet.

    Ex: The UKLDS or the UK Library Database System is a proposal from the Cooperative Automation Group (CAG) which was first disseminated in a discussion paper published in 1982.

    Ex: This practice has been adopted by a number of national cataloguing codes promulgated since that time.
    Ex: A variety of extension activities, such as book clubs, competitions and quizzes also help to publicize the stock and the work of the library.
    Ex: Criticism is not appropriate in a style which aims to report, but not comment upon the content of the original document.
    Ex: As everywhere, research in library and information science in Australia is diffused over the myriad topics that make up the field.
    Ex: We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex: This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex: The update, once started, propagates through the database, respecting local integrity rules for each affected object.
    Ex: Among many observations in this widely bruited report, one in particular struck home: fewer books had been translated into Arabic in a millennium than were translated into Spanish in a year.
    Ex: Just weeks after trumpeting the results of a military offensive, the Pakistan army suddenly finds itself under attack on multiple fronts.
    * difundir buena imagen de = earn + credit for.
    * difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.
    * difundir el evangelio = spread + the gospel.
    * difundir información = hand out + information.
    * difundir la imagen = spread + the good word, pass on + the good word.
    * difundir la noticia = spread + the word, spread + the good word, pass on + the good word, spread + the news.
    * difundir mentiras = spread + lies.
    * difundir noticias = broadcast + news.
    * difundirse = find + Posesivo + way, percolate.
    * difundir una idea = spread + view, spread + an idea, circulate + Posesivo + idea.
    * difundir un rumor = spread + rumour.
    * noticias + difundirse = news + spread.

    * * *
    difundir [I1 ]
    vt
    ‹noticia/rumor› to spread; ‹ideas/doctrina› to spread, diffuse, disseminate
    difundían el temor entre la población they were spreading fear among the population
    se difundió un comunicado desmintiendo el rumor a communiqué was issued denying the rumor
    la noticia fue difundida por la radio the news was broadcast on the radio
    una institución que se encarga de difundir la cultura an institution responsible for disseminating culture
    son creencias difundidas en esta región such beliefs are widespread in this area
    la lámpara difundía una luz tenue the lamp gave off a dim light
    * * *

     

    difundir ( conjugate difundir) verbo transitivonoticia/rumor to spread;
    ideas/doctrina to spread, disseminate;
    cultura to disseminate;
    comunicado to issue;
    ( por radio) to disseminate;

    difundir vtr, difundirse verbo reflexivo to spread

    ' difundir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    difundirse
    - sembrar
    English:
    bandy about
    - broadcast
    - diffuse
    - propagate
    - radiate
    - spread
    * * *
    vt
    1. [divulgar] [noticia, pánico, religión] to spread;
    [comunicado, informe] to publish; [cultura, costumbres] to spread, to diffuse
    2. [sujeto: emisora radiofónica, canal televisivo] to broadcast;
    una cadena argentina difundió las imágenes an Argentinian channel broadcast the pictures
    3. [extender] [epidemia, olor] to spread;
    [sonido, ondas] to diffuse, to propagate;
    la estufa difunde muy bien el calor the stove heats the place up well
    * * *
    v/t
    1 spread
    2 programa broadcast
    * * *
    1) : to diffuse, to spread out
    2) : to broadcast, to spread
    * * *
    1. (en general) to spread [pt. & pp. spread]
    2. (radio, televisión) to broadcast [pt. & pp. broadcast]

    Spanish-English dictionary > difundir

  • 5 spring

    1. noun
    1) (season) Frühling, der

    in spring 1969, in the spring of 1969 — im Frühjahr 1969

    in early/late spring — zu Anfang/Ende des Frühjahrs

    last/next spring — letzten/nächsten Frühling

    in [the] spring — im Frühling od. Frühjahr

    2) (source, lit. or fig.) Quelle, die
    3) (Mech.) Feder, die

    springs(vehicle suspension) Federung, die

    4) (jump) Sprung, der

    make a spring at somebody/at an animal — sich auf jemanden/ein Tier stürzen

    5) (elasticity) Elastizität, die

    walk with a spring in one's stepmit beschwingten Schritten gehen

    2. intransitive verb,
    sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung
    1) (jump) springen

    spring [up] from something — von etwas aufspringen

    spring to somebody's assistance/defence — jemandem beispringen

    spring to life(fig.) [plötzlich] zum Leben erwachen

    2) (arise) entspringen ( from Dat.); [Saat, Hoffnung:] keimen
    3) (recoil)

    spring to or shut — [Tür, Falle, Deckel:] zuschnappen

    3. transitive verb,
    sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung
    1) (make known suddenly)
    2) aufspringen lassen [Schloss]; zuschnappen lassen [Falle]
    3) (coll.): (set free) herausholen ( from aus)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/91981/spring_back">spring back
    * * *
    [spriŋ] 1. past tense - sprang; verb
    1) (to jump, leap or move swiftly (usually upwards): She sprang into the boat.) springen
    2) (to arise or result from: His bravery springs from his love of adventure.) entspringen
    3) (to (cause a trap to) close violently: The trap must have sprung when the hare stepped in it.) zuschnappen
    2. noun
    1) (a coil of wire or other similar device which can be compressed or squeezed down but returns to its original shape when released: a watch-spring; the springs in a chair.) die Feder
    2) (the season of the year between winter and summer when plants begin to flower or grow leaves: Spring is my favourite season.) der Frühling
    3) (a leap or sudden movement: The lion made a sudden spring on its prey.) der Sprung
    4) (the ability to stretch and spring back again: There's not a lot of spring in this old trampoline.) die Elastizität
    5) (a small stream flowing out from the ground.) die Quelle
    - springy
    - springiness
    - sprung
    - springboard
    - spring cleaning
    - springtime
    - spring up
    * * *
    [sprɪŋ]
    I. n
    1. (season) Frühling m
    in the \spring im Frühling
    2. TECH (part in machine) Feder f
    3. (elasticity) Sprungkraft f, Elastizität f
    to have [or walk with] a \spring in one's step beschwingt gehen
    4. (source of water) Quelle f
    II. n modifier
    1. (of season) (fashion, flowers, weather) Frühlings-
    \spring thaw Frühlingstauwetter nt
    3. (with springs) (seat) gefedert
    \spring mattress Federkernmatratze f veraltend
    III. vi
    <sprang or AM also sprung, sprung>
    1. (move quickly) springen
    to \spring into action den Betrieb aufnehmen
    to \spring to sb's defence zu jds Verteidigung eilen
    to \spring to one's feet aufspringen
    to \spring open aufspringen
    to \spring shut zufallen
    2. (suddenly appear) auftauchen
    where did you \spring from? wo kommst du denn plötzlich her?
    to \spring to mind in den Kopf schießen
    3. ( old: attack)
    to \spring on [or upon] sb jdn angreifen
    4. (have as source)
    to \spring from sth von etw dat herrühren
    IV. vt
    to \spring sth
    1. (operate) etw auslösen
    to \spring a trap eine Falle zuschnappen lassen
    2. (suddenly do)
    to \spring sth on [or upon] sb jdn mit etw dat überfallen fig
    to \spring the news on sb jdn mit Neuigkeiten überfallen
    3. (provide with springs)
    to \spring sth etw federn
    to \spring sb jdn rausholen fam
    5. (leaking)
    to \spring a leak ship [plötzlich] ein Leck bekommen; pipe [plötzlich] undicht werden
    * * *
    [sprɪŋ] vb: pret sprang or ( US) sprung, ptp sprung
    1. n
    1) (lit, fig liter: source) Quelle f;
    2) (= season) Frühling m, Frühjahr nt, Lenz m (poet)

    in (the) spring —

    spring is in the air in the spring of his life — der Frühling liegt in der Luft, der Lenz hält seinen Einzug (poet) im Frühling seines Lebens, im Lenz des Lebens (poet)

    3) (= leap) Sprung m, Satz m

    to make a spring at sb/sth — sich auf jdn/etw stürzen

    4) (MECH) Feder f; (in mattress, seat etc) (Sprung)feder f
    5) no pl (= bounciness of chair) Federung f; (of wood, grass etc) Nachgiebigkeit f, Elastizität f
    2. adj attr
    1) (seasonal) Frühlings-
    2) (= with springs) gefedert
    3. vt
    1) (= leap over) überspringen, springen über (+acc)
    2) (= put springs in) federn
    3) (= cause to operate) auslösen; mine explodieren lassen; lock, mousetrap etc zuschnappen lassen

    to spring a leak (pipe) — (plötzlich) undicht werden; (ship) (plötzlich) ein Leck bekommen

    to spring sth on sb ( fig, idea, decision )jdn mit etw konfrontieren

    4) (inf: free) rausholen (inf)
    4. vi
    1) (= leap) springen; (= be activated) ausgelöst werden; (mousetrap) zuschnappen

    to spring open —

    to spring out of bedaus dem Bett hüpfen

    his hand sprang to his guner griff (schnell) zur Waffe

    to spring into action — aktiv werden; (police, fire brigade etc) in Aktion treten

    to spring to sb's aid/defence — jdm zu Hilfe eilen

    the debate sprang (in)to lifees kam plötzlich Leben in die Debatte

    2) (= issue also spring forth liter water, blood) (hervor)quellen (from aus); (fire, sparks) sprühen (from aus); (shoot) (hervor)sprießen (from aus); (from family etc) abstammen (from von); (fig, idea) entstehen (from aus); (interest, irritability etc) herrühren (from von)

    where did you spring from? (inf)wo kommst du denn her?

    * * *
    spring [sprıŋ]
    A v/i prät sprang [spræŋ], US auch sprung [sprʌŋ], pperf sprung
    1. springen:
    spring at sich stürzen auf (akk);
    spring to sb’s defence (US defense) jemandem zur Hilfe eilen;
    spring to one’s feet aufspringen;
    he sprang to life fig plötzlich kam Leben in ihn
    2. oft spring up aufspringen, -fahren
    3. (dahin-)springen, (-)schnellen, hüpfen
    4. meist spring back zurückschnellen (Ast etc):
    the door (lid) sprang open die Tür (der Deckel) sprang auf;
    the trap sprang die Falle schnappte zu
    a) herausschießen, (-)sprudeln (Wasser, Blut etc),
    b) (heraus)sprühen, springen (Funken etc)
    a) (plötzlich) aufkommen (Wind etc),
    b) fig plötzlich entstehen oder aufkommen, aus dem Boden schießen (Industrie, Idee etc)
    7. aufschießen (Pflanzen etc)
    8. (from) entspringen (dat):
    a) quellen (aus)
    b) fig herkommen, stammen (von):
    his actions sprang from a false conviction seine Handlungen entsprangen einer falschen Überzeugung;
    where did you spring from? wo kommst du plötzlich her?
    9. abstammen ( from von)
    10. ARCH sich wölben (Bogen)
    11. (hoch) aufragen
    12. auffliegen (Rebhühner etc)
    13. TECH
    a) sich werfen oder biegen
    b) springen, aufplatzen (Holz)
    14. MIL explodieren, losgehen (Mine)
    B v/t
    1. springen lassen
    2. etwas zurückschnellen lassen
    3. eine Falle zuschnappen lassen
    4. ein Werkzeugteil etc herausspringen lassen
    5. zerbrechen, spalten
    6. einen Riss etc, SCHIFF ein Leck bekommen
    7. (mit Gewalt) biegen
    8. explodieren lassen: mine2 C 2
    9. fig mit einer Neuigkeit etc herausplatzen umg:
    a) jemandem etwas plötzlich eröffnen,
    b) jemanden mit etwas überraschen;
    spring an offer on sb jemandem ein überraschendes Angebot machen
    10. eine Quelle etc freilegen
    11. JAGD aufscheuchen
    12. ARCH einen Bogen wölben
    13. TECH (ab)federn
    14. Br umg Geld etc springen lassen
    15. Br umg jemanden erleichtern ( for um):
    16. sl (from) jemanden befreien (aus, fig von), einen Häftling rausholen (aus dem Knast)
    C s
    1. Sprung m, Satz m:
    make a spring at sich stürzen auf (akk)
    2. Zurückschnellen n
    3. Elastizität f:
    there is not much spring in it es ist nicht sehr elastisch, es federt nicht gut;
    with a spring in one’s step beschwingt
    4. fig (geistige) Spannkraft
    5. a) Sprung m, Riss m, Spalt m
    b) Krümmung f (eines Brettes etc)
    6. (auch Mineral-, Öl) Quelle f, Brunnen m: hot spring
    7. fig Quelle f, Ursprung m
    8. fig Triebfeder f, Beweggrund m
    9. ARCH
    a) (Bogen)Wölbung f
    b) Gewölbeanfang m
    10. TECH ( besonders Sprung)Feder f
    11. Frühling m (auch fig), Frühjahr n:
    in spring im Frühling
    D adj
    1. Frühlings…
    2. a) federnd, elastisch
    b) Feder…
    3. Sprung…
    4. Schwung…
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (season) Frühling, der

    in spring 1969, in the spring of 1969 — im Frühjahr 1969

    in early/late spring — zu Anfang/Ende des Frühjahrs

    last/next spring — letzten/nächsten Frühling

    in [the] spring — im Frühling od. Frühjahr

    2) (source, lit. or fig.) Quelle, die
    3) (Mech.) Feder, die

    springs (vehicle suspension) Federung, die

    4) (jump) Sprung, der

    make a spring at somebody/at an animal — sich auf jemanden/ein Tier stürzen

    5) (elasticity) Elastizität, die
    2. intransitive verb,
    sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung
    1) (jump) springen

    spring [up] from something — von etwas aufspringen

    spring to somebody's assistance/defence — jemandem beispringen

    spring to life(fig.) [plötzlich] zum Leben erwachen

    2) (arise) entspringen ( from Dat.); [Saat, Hoffnung:] keimen

    spring to or shut — [Tür, Falle, Deckel:] zuschnappen

    3. transitive verb,
    sprang or (Amer.) sprung, sprung
    2) aufspringen lassen [Schloss]; zuschnappen lassen [Falle]
    3) (coll.): (set free) herausholen ( from aus)
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Feder -n f.
    Frühjahr -e n.
    Frühling -e m.
    Lenz -e m.
    Quelle -n f.
    Sprung -¨e m. (from) v.
    herstammen (von) v. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: sprang)
    or p.p.: sprung•) = schnellen v.
    springen v.

    English-german dictionary > spring

  • 6 break

    break [breɪk]
    casser1 (a), 1 (c) briser1 (a), 1 (i), 1 (j) fracturer1 (b) enfoncer1 (e) violer, enfreindre1 (f) rompre1 (h) couper1 (h) ruiner1 (k) amortir1 (l) se casser2 (a) se briser2 (a) se fracturer2 (b) cassure, brisure3 (a) fissure, fente3 (b) ouverture3 (c) interruption3 (d) pause3 (e) évasion3 (f) chance3 (g) changement3 (h)
    (pt broke [brəʊk], pp broken ['brəʊkn])
    (a) (split into pieces → glass, furniture) casser, briser; (→ branch, lace, string, egg, toy) casser;
    break the stick in two cassez le bâton en deux;
    to break sth into pieces mettre qch en morceaux;
    to get broken se casser;
    to break a safe forcer un coffre-fort;
    Religion to break bread (priest) administrer la communion; (congregation) recevoir la communion;
    figurative to break bread with sb partager le repas de qn;
    figurative to break sb's heart briser le cœur à qn;
    Ross broke her heart Ross lui a brisé le cœur;
    it breaks my heart to see her unhappy ça me brise le cœur de la voir malheureuse;
    figurative to break the ice rompre ou briser la glace
    (b) Medicine (fracture) casser, fracturer;
    to break one's leg se casser ou se fracturer la jambe;
    to break one's neck se casser ou se rompre le cou;
    the fall broke his back la chute lui a brisé les reins;
    familiar figurative they broke their backs trying to get the job done ils se sont éreintés à finir le travail;
    familiar we've broken the back of the job nous avons fait le plus gros du travail;
    familiar I'll break his neck if I catch him doing it again! je lui tords le cou si je le reprends à faire ça!;
    familiar figurative break a leg! merde! (pour souhaiter bonne chance)
    (c) (render inoperable → appliance, machine) casser;
    you've broken the TV tu as cassé la télé
    (d) (cut surface of → ground) entamer; (→ skin) écorcher; Law (seals → illegally) briser; (legally) lever;
    the seal on the coffee jar was broken le pot de café avait été ouvert;
    the skin isn't broken la peau n'est pas écorchée;
    to break new or fresh ground innover, faire œuvre de pionnier;
    scientists are breaking new or fresh ground in cancer research les savants font une percée dans la recherche contre le cancer
    the river broke its banks la rivière est sortie de son lit;
    to break the sound barrier franchir le mur du son;
    to break surface (diver, whale) remonter à la surface; Nautical (submarine) faire surface
    (f) Law (violate → law, rule) violer, enfreindre; (→ speed limit) dépasser; (→ agreement, treaty) violer; (→ contract) rompre; (→ promise) manquer à; Religion (→ commandment) désobéir à; (→ Sabbath) ne pas respecter;
    she broke her appointment with them elle a annulé son rendez-vous avec eux;
    he broke his word to her il a manqué à la parole qu'il lui avait donnée;
    Law to break parole = commettre un délit qui entraîne la révocation de la mise en liberté conditionnelle;
    Military to break bounds violer la consigne
    (g) (escape from, leave suddenly) Law
    to break jail s'évader (de prison);
    to break camp lever le camp;
    to break cover (animal) être débusqué; (person) sortir à découvert
    (h) (interrupt → fast, monotony, spell) rompre; Electricity (→ circuit, current) couper; Typography (→ word, page) couper;
    we broke our journey at Brussels nous avons fait une étape à Bruxelles;
    a cry broke the silence un cri a déchiré ou percé le silence;
    the plain was broken only by an occasional small settlement la plaine n'était interrompue que par de rares petits hameaux;
    Military to break step rompre le pas
    (i) (put an end to → strike) briser; (→ uprising) mater;
    the new offer broke the deadlock la nouvelle proposition a permis de sortir de l'impasse;
    he's tried to stop smoking but he can't break the habit il a essayé d'arrêter de fumer mais il n'arrive pas à se débarrasser ou se défaire de l'habitude;
    to break sb of a habit corriger ou guérir qn d'une habitude;
    to break oneself of a habit se corriger ou se défaire d'une habitude
    (j) (wear down, destroy → enemy) détruire; (→ person, will, courage, resistance) briser; (→ witness) réfuter; (→ health) abîmer; (→ alibi) écarter;
    torture did not break him or his spirit il a résisté à la torture;
    this scandal could break them ce scandale pourrait signer leur perte;
    the experience will either make or break him l'expérience lui sera ou salutaire ou fatale
    (k) (bankrupt) ruiner;
    her new business will either make or break her sa nouvelle affaire la rendra riche ou la ruinera;
    to break the bank (exhaust funds) faire sauter la banque;
    humorous buying a book won't break the bank! acheter un livre ne te/nous/ etc ruinera pas!
    (l) (soften → fall) amortir, adoucir;
    we planted a row of trees to break the wind nous avons planté une rangée d'arbres pour couper le vent
    (m) (reveal, tell) annoncer, révéler;
    break it to her gently annonce-le lui avec ménagement
    (n) (beat, improve on) battre;
    to break a record battre un record;
    the golfer broke 90 le golfeur a dépassé le score de 90
    (o) (solve → code) déchiffrer
    to break sb's service (in tennis) prendre le service de qn;
    Hingis was broken in the fifth game Hingis a perdu son service dans le cinquième jeu
    (q) (divide into parts → collection) dépareiller; (→ bank note) entamer;
    can you break a £10 note? pouvez-vous faire de la monnaie sur un billet de 10 livres?
    (r) (horse) dresser
    (t) Nautical (flag) déferler
    to break wind lâcher un vent
    (a) (split into pieces → glass, furniture) se casser, se briser; (→ branch, stick) se casser, se rompre; (→ lace, string, egg, toy) se casser;
    to break apart se casser ou se briser (en morceaux);
    the plate broke in two l'assiette s'est cassée en deux;
    to break into pieces se casser en morceaux;
    figurative her heart broke elle a eu le cœur brisé
    (b) Medicine (fracture → bone, limb) se fracturer;
    is the bone broken? y a-t-il une fracture?;
    humorous any bones broken? rien de cassé?
    (c) (become inoperable → lock, tool) casser; (→ machine) tomber en panne;
    the dishwasher broke last week le lave-vaisselle est tombé en panne la semaine dernière
    (d) (disperse → clouds) se disperser, se dissiper; Military (→ troops) rompre les rangs; (→ ranks) se rompre
    to break free se libérer;
    the ship broke loose from its moorings le bateau a rompu ses amarres
    (f) (fail → health, person, spirit) se détériorer;
    the witness broke under questioning le témoin a craqué au cours de l'interrogatoire;
    she or her spirit did not break elle ne s'est pas laissée abattre;
    their courage finally broke leur courage a fini par les abandonner
    (g) (take a break) faire une pause;
    let's break for coffee arrêtons-nous pour prendre un café
    (h) (arise suddenly → day) se lever, poindre; (→ dawn) poindre; Press & Television (→ news) être annoncé; (→ scandal, war) éclater
    (i) (move suddenly) se précipiter, foncer
    (j) (weather) changer; (storm) éclater
    (k) (voice → of boy) muer; (→ with emotion) se briser;
    she was so upset that her voice kept breaking elle était tellement bouleversée que sa voix se brisait
    (l) (wave) déferler;
    the sea was breaking against the rocks les vagues se brisaient sur les rochers
    her waters have broken elle a perdu les eaux
    (n) American familiar (happen) se passer, arriver ;
    to break right/badly bien/mal se passer
    (o) Linguistics (vowel) se diphtonguer
    (p) Sport (boxers) se dégager;
    break! break!, stop!
    (q) Sport (ball) dévier
    (r) Sport (in billiards, snooker, pool) donner l'acquit
    to break even (gen) s'y retrouver; Finance rentrer dans ses frais
    3 noun
    (a) (in china, glass) cassure f, brisure f; (in wood) cassure f, rupture f; Medicine (in bone, limb) fracture f; figurative (with friend, group) rupture f; (in marriage) séparation f;
    a clean break (in object) une cassure nette; Medicine (in bone) une fracture simple;
    the break with her husband was a painful experience ça a été très pénible pour elle quand elle s'est séparée de son mari;
    her break with the party in 1968 sa rupture avec le parti en 1968;
    to make a clean break with the past rompre avec le passé
    (b) (crack) fissure f, fente f
    (c) (gap → in hedge, wall) trouée f, ouverture f; Geology (→ in rock) faille f; (→ in line) interruption f, rupture f; Typography (→ in word) césure f; (→ in pagination) fin f de page;
    a break in the clouds une éclaircie
    (d) (interruption → in conversation) interruption f, pause f; (→ in payment) interruption f, suspension f; (→ in trip) arrêt m; (→ in production) suspension f, rupture f; (→ in series) interruption f; Literature & Music pause f; (in jazz) break m;
    guitar break (in rock) (courte) improvisation f de guitare;
    Electricity a break in the circuit une coupure de courant;
    Radio a break for commercials, a (commercial) break un intermède de publicité; Television un écran publicitaire, une page de publicité;
    Television a break in transmission une interruption des programmes (due à un incident technique)
    (e) (rest) pause f; (holiday) vacances fpl; British School récréation f;
    let's take a break on fait une pause?;
    we worked all morning without a break nous avons travaillé toute la matinée sans nous arrêter;
    he drove for three hours without a break il a conduit trois heures de suite;
    you need a break (short rest) tu as besoin de faire une pause; (holiday) tu as besoin de vacances;
    an hour's break for lunch une heure de pause pour le déjeuner;
    lunch break pause f de midi;
    do you get a lunch break? tu as une pause à midi?;
    a weekend in the country makes a pleasant break un week-end à la campagne fait du bien;
    familiar give me a break! (don't talk nonsense) dis pas n'importe quoi!; (stop nagging) fiche-moi la paix!
    (f) (escape) évasion f, fuite f;
    Law jail break évasion f (de prison);
    she made a break for the woods elle s'est élancée vers le bois;
    to make a break for it prendre la fuite
    (g) familiar (opportunity) chance f; (luck) (coup m de) veine f;
    you get all the breaks! tu en as du pot!;
    to have a lucky break avoir de la veine;
    to have a bad break manquer de veine;
    this could be your big break ça pourrait être la chance de ta vie;
    she's never had an even break in her life rien n'a jamais été facile dans sa vie;
    give him a break donne-lui une chance; (he won't do it again) donne-lui une seconde chance
    (h) (change) changement m;
    a break in the weather un changement de temps;
    the decision signalled a break with tradition la décision marquait une rupture avec la tradition
    (i) (carriage) break m
    at break of day au point du jour, à l'aube
    to have a service break or a break (of serve) (in tennis) avoir une rupture de service (de l'adversaire);
    to have two break points (in tennis) avoir deux balles de break;
    he made a 70 break (in snooker, pool etc) il a fait une série de 70
    ►► Computing break character caractère m d'interruption;
    Computing break key touche f d'interruption
    (a) (move away) se détacher; (escape) s'évader;
    I broke away from the crowd je me suis éloigné de la foule;
    he broke away from her grasp il s'est dégagé de son étreinte
    (b) (end association with) rompre; (province → from State) se séparer;
    a group of MPs broke away from the party un groupe de députés a quitté le parti;
    as a band they have broken away from traditional jazz leur groupe a (complètement) rompu avec le jazz traditionnel
    (c) Sport (in racing, cycling) s'échapper, se détacher du peloton
    détacher;
    they broke all the fittings away from the walls ils ont décroché toutes les appliques des murs
    (in tennis) = gagner le service de son adversaire après avoir perdu son propre service
    (a) (vehicle, machine) tomber en panne;
    the car has broken down la voiture est en panne
    (b) (fail → health) se détériorer; (→ authority) disparaître; (→ argument, system, resistance) s'effondrer; (→ negotiations, relations, plan) échouer;
    radio communications broke down le contact radio a été coupé;
    their marriage is breaking down leur mariage se désagrège
    to break down in tears fondre en larmes
    (d) (divide) se diviser;
    the report breaks down into three parts le rapport comprend ou est composé de trois parties
    (e) Chemistry se décomposer;
    to break down into sth se décomposer en qch
    (a) (destroy → barrier) démolir, abattre; (→ door) enfoncer; figurative (→ resistance) briser;
    we must break down old prejudices il faut mettre fin aux vieux préjugés
    (b) (analyse → idea, statistics) analyser; (→ reasons) décomposer; (→ account, figures, expenses) décomposer, ventiler; (→ bill, estimate) détailler; (→ substance) décomposer;
    the problem can be broken down into three parts le problème peut se décomposer en trois parties
    literary (light) jaillir; (storm, buds) éclater; (blossom) s'épanouir subitement
    (a) (train → person) former; (→ horse) dresser;
    a month should be enough to break you in to the job un mois devrait suffire pour vous faire ou vous habituer au métier
    (b) (clothing) porter (pour user);
    I want to break these shoes in je veux que ces chaussures se fassent
    (c) (knock down → door) enfoncer
    (a) Law (burglar) entrer par effraction
    (b) (speaker) interrompre;
    to break in on sb/sth interrompre qn/qch
    (a) (of burglar) entrer par effraction dans; (drawer) forcer;
    they broke into the safe ils ont fracturé ou forcé le coffre-fort;
    they've been broken into three times ils se sont fait cambrioler trois fois
    the audience broke into applause le public s'est mis à applaudir;
    to break into a run/sprint se mettre à courir/à sprinter;
    the horse broke into a gallop le cheval a pris le galop
    (c) (conversation) interrompre
    (d) (start to spend → savings) entamer;
    I don't want to break into a £20 note je ne veux pas entamer un billet de 20 livres
    (e) Commerce (market) percer sur;
    the firm has broken into the Japanese market l'entreprise a percé sur le marché japonais
    (a) (separate) se détacher, se casser;
    a branch has broken off une branche s'est détachée (de l'arbre)
    (b) (stop) s'arrêter brusquement;
    he broke off in mid-sentence il s'est arrêté au milieu d'une phrase;
    they broke off from work (for rest) ils ont fait une pause; (for day) ils ont cessé le travail;
    to break off for ten minutes prendre dix minutes de pause;
    to break off for lunch s'arrêter pour déjeuner
    she's broken off with him elle a rompu avec lui
    (a) (separate) détacher, casser;
    to break sth off sth casser ou détacher qch de qch
    (b) (end → agreement, relationship) rompre;
    they've broken off their engagement ils ont rompu leurs fiançailles;
    to break it off (with sb) rompre (avec qn);
    Italy had broken off diplomatic relations with Libya l'Italie avait rompu ses relations diplomatiques avec la Libye
    (door) enfoncer; (lock, safe, till) forcer; familiar (bottle of wine etc) ouvrir, déboucher ;
    to break a desk open ouvrir un bureau en forçant la serrure
    (a) (begin → war, storm) éclater; (→ disease, fire) se déclarer; (→ fight) se déclencher
    to break out in spots or in a rash avoir une éruption de boutons;
    to break out in a sweat se mettre à transpirer;
    she broke out in a cold sweat elle s'est mise à avoir des sueurs froides
    (c) (escape) s'échapper;
    to break out from or of prison s'évader (de prison);
    we have to break out of this vicious circle il faut que nous sortions de ce cercle vicieux
    (bottle, champagne) ouvrir
    (sun) percer;
    I broke through the crowd je me suis frayé un chemin à travers la foule;
    the troops broke through enemy lines les troupes ont enfoncé les lignes ennemies;
    she eventually broke through his reserve elle a fini par le faire sortir de sa réserve
    percer; figurative & Military faire une percée;
    figurative his hidden feelings tend to break through in his writing ses sentiments cachés tendent à transparaître ou percer dans ses écrits
    (a) (divide up → rocks) briser, morceler; Law (→ property) morceler; (→ soil) ameublir; (→ bread, cake) partager;
    she broke the loaf up into four pieces elle a rompu ou partagé la miche en quatre;
    illustrations break up the text le texte est aéré par des illustrations
    (b) (destroy → house) démolir; (→ road) défoncer
    (c) (end → fight, party) mettre fin à, arrêter; Commerce & Law (→ conglomerate, trust) scinder, diviser; Commerce (→ company) scinder; Politics (→ coalition) briser, rompre; Administration (→ organization) dissoudre; (→ empire) démembrer; (→ family) séparer;
    his drinking broke up their marriage le fait qu'il buvait a brisé ou détruit leur mariage
    (d) (disperse → crowd) disperser;
    break it up! (people fighting or arguing) arrêtez!; (said by policeman) circulez!
    (e) familiar (distress) bouleverser, retourner;
    the news really broke her up la nouvelle l'a complètement bouleversée
    her stories really break me up! ses histoires me font bien marrer!
    (a) (split into pieces → road, system) se désagréger; (→ ice) craquer, se fissurer; (→ ship) se disloquer;
    the ship broke up on the rocks le navire s'est disloqué sur les rochers
    (b) (come to an end → meeting, party) se terminer, prendre fin; (→ partnership) cesser, prendre fin; (→ talks, negotiations) cesser;
    when the meeting broke up à l'issue ou à la fin de la réunion;
    their marriage broke up leur mariage n'a pas marché
    (c) (boyfriend, girlfriend) rompre;
    she broke up with her boyfriend elle a rompu avec son petit ami;
    they've broken up ils se sont séparés
    (d) (disperse → clouds) se disperser; (→ group) se disperser; (→ friends) se quitter, se séparer
    we break up for Christmas on the 22nd les vacances de Noël commencent le 22;
    when do we break up? quand est-ce qu'on est en vacances?
    (g) American familiar (laugh) se tordre de rire
    (a) (end association with → person, organization) rompre avec;
    the defeat caused many people to break with the party la défaite a poussé beaucoup de gens à rompre avec le parti
    (b) (depart from → belief, values) rompre avec;
    she broke with tradition by getting married away from her village elle a rompu avec la tradition en ne se mariant pas dans son village

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > break

  • 7 error

    m.
    1 mistake, error.
    cometer un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error de bulto huge o big mistake
    error de cálculo miscalculation
    error humano human error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    2 delusion, false impression.
    3 lapsus.
    * * *
    1 error, mistake
    \
    caer en un error to make a mistake
    estar en un error to be mistaken
    por error by mistake, in error
    error judicial miscarriage of justice
    * * *
    noun m.
    error, mistake
    * * *
    SM mistake, error más frm

    caer en un error — to make a mistake

    si piensas que lo hizo por tu bien, estás cayendo en un error — if you think that he did it for your good you're making a mistake

    cometer un error — to make a mistake

    estar en un error — to be mistaken, be wrong

    estás en un error si piensas que voy a transigiryou're mistaken o wrong if you think that I'll give in

    inducir a error — to be misleading

    por error — by mistake

    error de hecho — factual error, error of fact

    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error!(that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.
    Ex. Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.
    Ex. DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex. Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex. A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex. Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex. A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex. His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex. The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex. The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex. Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex. Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    ----
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.
    * * *
    masculino mistake

    craso error!(that was a) big o bad mistake!

    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? — who's going to put him right?

    salvo error u omisión — (fr hecha) errors and omissions excepted

    por error — by mistake, in error (frml)

    * * *
    = error, failure, fault, mistake, pitfall, bug, stumble, delusion, goof, blooper, bobble.

    Ex: Computers are reliable, and less prone to error provided they are instructed or programmed appropriately and correctly.

    Ex: DBMS systems aim to cope with system failure and generate restart procedures.
    Ex: Documents and information can be lost forever by faults in inputting.
    Ex: A mistake, say, in trasncribing Fergusson as Ferguson may cause some problems, copying Davinson as Davison will cause even more!.
    Ex: Nevertheless, it is worth drawing a comparison between them so that menu-based information retrieval systems might avoid some of the pitfalls of traditional classification.
    Ex: A bug is an error in a program or an equipment malfunction.
    Ex: His stumbles and missed opportunities were made up for by his signing of the agreement in 1990.
    Ex: The article 'Illusions, delusions, conclusions' reminds searchers that the most important issue when looking at search results is to make sure that all information is reliable and true.
    Ex: The film's supple structure, surprisingly light touch, and bravura performances make it perhaps the most fully formed, half-hearted goof ever.
    Ex: Throughout the year we collect bloopers, funny things that happen while we are producing the program.
    Ex: Gary's back pass took a bobble from a divot and in that moment Robinson suddenly found himself the subject of ridicule.
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * análisis de errores = error analysis.
    * aprender a fuerza de errores = learn by + trial and error.
    * aprender Algo a base de cometer errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de errores = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * aprender de errores = learn from + errors.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * caer en el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer el error de = fall into + the error of, blunder into.
    * cometer errores por despiste = bump into + lampposts.
    * cometer un error = commit + error, make + mistake, make + error, be caught out, slip up.
    * cometer un error garrafal = commit + blunder, make + a bloomer, make + a blunder, drop + a clanger, drop + a bollock, blunder.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * corregir errores = debug.
    * corregir un error = correct + error, amend + mistake, correct + a wrong, correct + Posesivo + mistake.
    * deshacer los errores cometidos = turn + the clock back.
    * detección de errores = error identification.
    * detectar un error = detect + error, spot + mistake, spot + error.
    * eliminar un error = remove + error.
    * error administrativo = clerical mistake, clerical error.
    * error craso = gross mistake, crass mistake, crass error, blunder, monumental mistake, monumental error.
    * error de cálculo = miscalculation, mathematical mistake, mathematical error, calculation error, calculation mistake.
    * error de communicación = miscommunication.
    * error de contenido = factual error.
    * error de copia = clerical error, clerical mistake.
    * error de diagnóstico = misdiagnosis [misdiagnoses, -pl.].
    * error de entendimiento = misunderstanding.
    * error de escritura = mistyping.
    * error de estilo = stylistic error.
    * error de juicio = misunderstanding, error of judgement.
    * error de la muestra = sampling error.
    * error de la naturaleza = freak of nature.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * error del original = sic, sic.
    * error de medición = error of measurement.
    * error de muestreo = sampling error.
    * error de percepción = misperception.
    * error de probabilidad = probability of error.
    * error de pronunciación = mispronunciation.
    * error de transposición = transposition error.
    * errores = floundering.
    * error estilístico = stylistic error.
    * error fatal = fatal mistake.
    * error garrafal = blunder, cock-up, crass mistake, crass error, gross mistake, monumental mistake, monumental error, clanger.
    * error gramatical = grammatical error.
    * error humano = human error.
    * error matemático = mathematical mistake, mathematical error.
    * error mecánico = machine error.
    * error mecanográfico = keying error.
    * error óptico = optical error.
    * error ortográfico = misspelling [mis-spelling], orthographic error, spelling mistake, spelling error.
    * error por omisión = omission failure.
    * error tipográfico = typing error, typing mistake, typographical error, typographical mistake, typo.
    * evitar un error = avoid + error.
    * gramática con errores = poor grammar.
    * identificación de errores = error identification.
    * lista de errores = error report.
    * lleno de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * margen de error = margin of error.
    * mensaje de error = error message.
    * no tener errores = be error-free.
    * nótese el error = sic.
    * patrón de errores = error pattern.
    * plagado de errores = buggy [buggier -comp., buggiest -sup.].
    * plagar de errores = litter with + failure.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * por error = by mistake.
    * propenso a errores = error prone, prone to error.
    * rectificar un error = rectify + failure.
    * sin errores = error-free.
    * subsanar un error = extirpate + error.
    * sujeto a errores = prone to error.
    * susceptible de error = susceptible to error, susceptible to mistake.
    * tasa de error = error rate.
    * tener errores = be flawed.
    * tolerancia al error = error tolerance, fault tolerance.
    * tolerante al error = fault tolerant, error tolerant.

    * * *
    mistake
    fue un error decírselo it was a mistake to tell him
    cometió varios errores importantes she made several serious mistakes o errors
    firmé el documento — ¡craso error! I signed the document — (that was a) big o bad mistake!
    estás en un error you're wrong o mistaken
    ¿quién lo va a sacar de su error? who's going to put him right? o ( BrE) set him straight?
    un grave error de cálculo a serious miscalculation
    un error de ortografía a spelling mistake
    salvo error u omisión ( fr hecha); errors and omissions excepted
    por error by mistake, in error ( frml)
    Compuestos:
    absolute error
    random error
    legal error
    factual error
    misprint, printer's error
    system error
    relative error
    syntax error
    * * *

     

    error sustantivo masculino
    mistake;
    cometer un error to make a mistake o an error;

    error de ortografía spelling mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de imprenta misprint, printer's error;
    por error by mistake, in error (frml)
    error sustantivo masculino
    1 error, mistake
    cometimos el error de escucharle, we made the mistake of listening to him
    inducir a error, to lead into error
    2 (de un cálculo) error
    3 (fallo técnico) error: se lo enviamos por error, we sent it to him by mistake
    Impr error de imprenta/ tipográfico, misprint
    En general, mistake se refiere a errores causados por falta de conocimiento, capacidad o comprensión, mientras que error describe más bien errores causados por fallos en la producción o mal comportamiento. A menudo, la diferencia es mínima y se puede usar cualquiera de los dos términos: Cometió un error y fue a la cárcel. He made a mistake and went to prison. El accidente se debió a un error humano. The accident was due to human error.

    ' error' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aberración
    - bestial
    - bestialidad
    - bulto
    - columpiarse
    - cometer
    - confusión
    - desacierto
    - desatino
    - desliz
    - despiste
    - enmendar
    - enorme
    - equivocación
    - equivocarse
    - falla
    - fallo
    - fatal
    - garrafal
    - gazapo
    - guardagujas
    - incidir
    - incorrección
    - incurrir
    - lectura
    - novatada
    - originar
    - patinazo
    - reconocer
    - rectificar
    - reparar
    - responder
    - subsanar
    - tipográfica
    - tipográfico
    - traspié
    - vista
    - yerro
    - caer
    - cálculo
    - calibre
    - caro
    - clásico
    - confesar
    - confundir
    - corriente
    - costoso
    - creces
    - descuido
    - desengañar
    English:
    allow for
    - amend
    - blunder
    - bug
    - commission
    - commit
    - crass
    - deny
    - error
    - expensive
    - fault
    - faux pas
    - goof
    - grievous
    - judgement
    - judgment
    - justice
    - lapse
    - make
    - margin
    - message
    - miscalculation
    - miscarriage
    - misprint
    - mistake
    - prove
    - retrieval
    - right
    - slip
    - spelling error
    - trial
    - wrong
    - admit
    - cost
    - cover
    - delusion
    - detection
    - disabuse
    - flaw
    - fundamental
    - genuine
    - glaring
    - grave
    - misconception
    - mislead
    - pay
    - same
    - spelling
    - spot
    - typing
    * * *
    error nm
    1. [falta, equivocación] mistake, error;
    fue un error invitarla a la fiesta it was a mistake to invite her to the party;
    debe de haber un error there must be a mistake;
    cometer un error to make a mistake;
    estar en un error to be mistaken;
    por error by mistake;
    me enviaron la carta por error they sent me the letter by mistake;
    sacar a alguien del error o [m5] de su error to put sb right;
    salvo error u omisión errors and omissions excepted
    error absoluto absolute error;
    error de bulto huge o big mistake;
    error de cálculo miscalculation;
    error de copia clerical error;
    error no forzado [en tenis] unforced error;
    error humano human error;
    error judicial miscarriage of justice;
    error mecanográfico typing error;
    error de muestreo sampling error;
    error relativo relative error;
    Informát error de sintaxis syntax error; Informát error del sistema system error;
    error típico standard error;
    error tipográfico typo, typographical error;
    error de traducción translation error
    2. Informát [en un programa] bug
    * * *
    m mistake, error;
    por error by mistake;
    caer en un error make a mistake;
    estar en un error be wrong o mistaken
    * * *
    error nm
    equivocación: error, mistake
    * * *
    error n mistake / error

    Spanish-English dictionary > error

  • 8 sharply

    sharply adv bruscamente
    tr['ʃɑːplɪ]
    1 (abruptly, suddenly) bruscamente, repentinamente
    2 (acutely) agudamente
    3 (clearly) marcadamente, claramente
    4 (harshly) mordazmente, con severidad
    sharply ['ʃɑrpli] adv
    1) abruptly: bruscamente
    2) distinctly: claramente, marcadamente
    'ʃɑːrpli, 'ʃɑːpli
    1)
    a) (steeply, abruptly) <drop/fall/increase> bruscamente; < bend> repentinamente, de pronto
    b) (suddenly, swiftly) de repente, repentinamente
    2)
    a) ( acutely) <aware/conscious> tremendamente
    b) <outlined/defined> claramente, nítidamente
    3) ( harshly) <answer/speak/criticize> con dureza or severidad
    ['ʃɑːplɪ]
    ADV
    1) (=abruptly) [fall, rise, turn, brake] bruscamente
    2) (=clearly) marcadamente, claramente
    3) (=brusquely) con aspereza
    4) (=severely) [criticize] severamente, con dureza
    5) (=hard) fuertemente
    * * *
    ['ʃɑːrpli, 'ʃɑːpli]
    1)
    a) (steeply, abruptly) <drop/fall/increase> bruscamente; < bend> repentinamente, de pronto
    b) (suddenly, swiftly) de repente, repentinamente
    2)
    a) ( acutely) <aware/conscious> tremendamente
    b) <outlined/defined> claramente, nítidamente
    3) ( harshly) <answer/speak/criticize> con dureza or severidad

    English-spanish dictionary > sharply

  • 9 distribuir

    v.
    to distribute.
    distribuyen comida entre los pobres they give out food to the poor, they distribute food among the poor
    distribuir las tareas to divide up o share out the tasks
    Ella distribuyó las provisiones She distributed the provisions.
    Ellos distribuyeron los volantes They distributed=handed out the fliers.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ HUIR], like link=huir huir
    1 (repartir) to distribute
    2 (correo) to deliver; (trabajo) to share, allot; (agua, gas, etc) to supply
    3 (un piso) to lay out
    4 (colocar) to arrange, place
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=repartir) [+ víveres, mercancía, película] to distribute; [+ correo] to deliver; [+ trabajo, tarea] to allocate; [+ folletos] [en buzones] to distribute; [en mano] to hand out
    2) (=entregar) [+ premios] to give out; [+ dividendos] to pay
    3) (Téc) [+ carga] to stow, arrange; [+ peso] to distribute equally
    4) (Arquit) to plan, lay out
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <dinero/víveres/panfletos> to hand out, distribute; < ganancias> to distribute; < tareas> to allocate, assign; <carga/peso> to distribute, spread
    b) <producto/película> to distribute
    c) canal/conducto < agua> to distribute
    d) (disponer, dividir)
    2.
    distribuirse v pron (refl) to divide up
    * * *
    = allot, circulate, disperse, distribute, hand (over), host, scatter, spread (over/throughout), propagate out to, hand out, apportion, dispense, pass out, sequence, spread out, lay out, cascade, space out.
    Ex. Money is allotted with the library fund subfunction.
    Ex. The discussions, debates, submissions and decisions of conferences are often printed and circulated to delegates and made available to other interested parties.
    Ex. For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.
    Ex. A bulletin will be a printed list, or set list for consultation on a VDU, which is published and distributed to a number of users on a specific subject area, say, building products or cancer research.
    Ex. Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.
    Ex. Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.
    Ex. Similar and closely related subjects are likely to be scattered under different keywords.
    Ex. This should illustrate rather dramatically how failure to adopt a single well-defined form of name could spread entries throughout the alphabet.
    Ex. We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex. An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex. However, procedures for apportioning collection budgets have not been designed specifically for the school context.
    Ex. This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.
    Ex. At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.
    Ex. The coefficients of eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalue provide the basis for sequencing atoms which are ordered according to the relative magnitudes of the coefficients.
    Ex. For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.
    Ex. There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.
    Ex. This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex. The results of a study suggest that people remember more high school material when learning occurs spaced out over several years.
    ----
    * distribuir aleatoriamente = randomise [randomize, -USA].
    * distribuir de un modo escalonado = lay out in + stages.
    * distribuir de un modo planificado = zone.
    * distribuir el trabajo = spread + the load.
    * distribuir la responsabilidad = spread + the load.
    * distribuirse = spread over.
    * distribuir un cuestionario = circulate + questionnaire.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <dinero/víveres/panfletos> to hand out, distribute; < ganancias> to distribute; < tareas> to allocate, assign; <carga/peso> to distribute, spread
    b) <producto/película> to distribute
    c) canal/conducto < agua> to distribute
    d) (disponer, dividir)
    2.
    distribuirse v pron (refl) to divide up
    * * *
    = allot, circulate, disperse, distribute, hand (over), host, scatter, spread (over/throughout), propagate out to, hand out, apportion, dispense, pass out, sequence, spread out, lay out, cascade, space out.

    Ex: Money is allotted with the library fund subfunction.

    Ex: The discussions, debates, submissions and decisions of conferences are often printed and circulated to delegates and made available to other interested parties.
    Ex: For example, Recreation, previously dispersed over several main classes, is now brought together as a new main class, and Space Science has been added between Astronomy and the Earth Sciences.
    Ex: A bulletin will be a printed list, or set list for consultation on a VDU, which is published and distributed to a number of users on a specific subject area, say, building products or cancer research.
    Ex: Eventually, teachers should be able to ' hand the chalk over to the students' and take a back seat.
    Ex: Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.
    Ex: Similar and closely related subjects are likely to be scattered under different keywords.
    Ex: This should illustrate rather dramatically how failure to adopt a single well-defined form of name could spread entries throughout the alphabet.
    Ex: We must develop and study intelligent interfaces that propagate out to the information universe and report back to us.
    Ex: An aggressive approach is made to publicity, with posters and leaflets distributed widely, visits to local shops, post offices, doctors surgeries etc, to drum up business, and the use of volunteers to hand out leaflets at street corners = Se inicia una campaña de publicidad enérgica, distribuyendo de forma general folletos y pósteres, visitando las tiendas, oficinas de correos y consultorías médicas de la localidad, etc., para promocionar el negocio, además de utilizar voluntarios para distribuir prospectos por las esquinas de las calles.
    Ex: However, procedures for apportioning collection budgets have not been designed specifically for the school context.
    Ex: This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.
    Ex: At the Closing Session Danish flags were suddenly produced and passed out among the crowd who began waving them enthusiastically.
    Ex: The coefficients of eigenvectors associated with the largest eigenvalue provide the basis for sequencing atoms which are ordered according to the relative magnitudes of the coefficients.
    Ex: For instance, in reproduction of Renoir's work under the subject IMPRESSIONISM, Renoir's works would not stand together in the catalog but be spread out according to their titles.
    Ex: There should be plenty of space to lay out all the books attractively and for people to move about without feeling too crowded.
    Ex: This project is designed to provide a network of practising librarians with a programme in educational methods and skills which can then be disseminated, or ' cascaded', to a wider network of professional colleagues.
    Ex: The results of a study suggest that people remember more high school material when learning occurs spaced out over several years.
    * distribuir aleatoriamente = randomise [randomize, -USA].
    * distribuir de un modo escalonado = lay out in + stages.
    * distribuir de un modo planificado = zone.
    * distribuir el trabajo = spread + the load.
    * distribuir la responsabilidad = spread + the load.
    * distribuirse = spread over.
    * distribuir un cuestionario = circulate + questionnaire.

    * * *
    vt
    1 (repartir) ‹dinero/víveres/panfletos› to hand out, distribute; ‹ganancias› to distribute; ‹tareas› to allocate, assign; ‹carga/peso› to distribute, spread
    un país donde la riqueza está muy mal distribuida a country where wealth is very unevenly distributed
    2 ‹producto/película› to distribute
    3 «canal/conducto» ‹agua› to distribute
    4
    (disponer, dividir): las habitaciones están muy bien distribuidas the rooms are very well laid out o arranged
    los distribuyeron en tres grupos they divided them into three groups
    ( refl) to divide up
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    distribuir    
    distribuir algo
    distribuir ( conjugate distribuir) verbo transitivo
    a)dinero/víveres/panfletos to hand out, distribute;

    ganancias to distribute;
    tareas to allocate, assign;
    carga/peso to distribute, spread
    b)producto/película to distribute

    c) [canal/conducto] ‹ agua to distribute


    e) ( dividir) to divide … up;


    distribuirse verbo pronominal ( refl) to divide up
    distribuir verbo transitivo
    1 (repartir productos) to distribute: ¿quién distribuye esta revista en España?, who distributes this magazine in Spain?
    2 (dar la parte correspondiente) to share out: voy a distribuir las pocas patatas que quedan, I'll divide up the few potatoes left
    3 (poner varias cosas en un sitio adecuado) to arrange: ¿qué te parece cómo he distribuido los muebles?, how do you like my furniture arrangement?
    ' distribuir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escalonar
    - repartir
    English:
    distribute
    - dole out
    - give out
    - hand round
    - issue
    - pass out
    - syndicate
    - deal
    - give
    - hand
    - share
    * * *
    vt
    1. [repartir] [dinero, alimentos, medicamentos] to distribute, to hand out;
    [carga, trabajo] to spread; [pastel, ganancias] to divide up; [correo] to deliver;
    distribuyen comida entre los pobres they give out food to the poor, they distribute food among the poor;
    distribuir propaganda por los buzones to deliver advertising leaflets through Br letter boxes o US mailboxes;
    distribuir la riqueza más justamente to share out o distribute wealth more justly;
    distribuir el trabajo/las tareas to divide up o share out the work/the tasks;
    trata de distribuir bien tu tiempo try to manage your time carefully
    2. Com [mercancías, productos, películas] to distribute;
    una empresa que distribuye material de papelería a firm distributing stationery materials
    3. [disponer]
    una casa muy bien distribuida a house with a very nice layout;
    nos distribuyeron en grupos de cinco they divided o split us into groups of five;
    distribuyó los libros por temas she arranged the books by topic
    * * *
    v/t
    1 distribute; beneficio share out
    2
    :
    distribuir en grupos divide into groups
    * * *
    distribuir {41} vt
    : to distribute
    * * *
    1. (en general) to distribute
    hay que distribuir la riqueza, el saber y el poder we must distribute wealth, knowledge and power
    2. (trabajo) to share out

    Spanish-English dictionary > distribuir

  • 10 В-260

    СТАВИТЬ/ПОСТАВИТЬ ВОПРОС РЕБРОМ VP subj: human usu. this WO to say sth. or ask sth. straightforwardly, in an abrupt manner
    X поставил вопрос ребром a X posed the issue (put the question) point-blank
    X put the question bluntly (squarely).
    Эта дама... поставила вопрос ребром: или я убираю квартиру, или должен идти домой (Лимонов 1). The lady...posed the issue point-blank: Either I cleaned the apartment or I had to go home (1a).
    «Не можете ли вы сообщить... откуда вы взяли вдруг столько денег, тогда как из дела оказывается по расчёту времени даже, что вы не заходили домой?» Прокурор немножко поморщился от вопроса, поставленного так ребром, но не прервал Николая Парфёновича (Достоевский 1). "Would you mind informing us...as to where you suddenly got so much money, when it appears from the evidence, even from the simple reckoning of time, that you did not stop at your own lodgings?" The prosecutor winced slightly at the bluntness with which the question had been put, but he did not interrupt Nikolai Parfenovich (1a).
    Ипполит:) Сегодня, Надя, в последний час старого года, я намерен поставить вопрос ребром. Хватит водить меня за нос! (Надя:) Чем ты недоволен? (Ипполит:) Своим холостым положением. И я предлагаю... (Надя (перебивает):) Сядь! (Брагинский и Рязанов 1). (I.:) Today, Nadya, in the last hour of the old year, I intend to put the question squarely. No more leading me on like this! (N.:) What's wrong? (I.:) My bachelor status. And I propose... (N. (interrupting):) Please, sit down (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > В-260

  • 11 поставить вопрос ребром

    СТАВИТЬ/ПОСТАВИТЬ ВОПРОС РЕБРОМ
    [VP; subj: human; usu. this WO]
    =====
    to say sth. or ask sth. straightforwardly, in an abrupt manner:
    - X поставил вопрос ребром X posed the issue (put the question) point-blank;
    - X put the question bluntly (squarely).
         ♦ Эта дама... поставила вопрос ребром: или я убираю квартиру, или должен идти домой (Лимонов 1). The lady...posed the issue point-blank: Either I cleaned the apartment or I had to go home (1a).
         ♦ "Не можете ли вы сообщить... откуда вы взяли вдруг столько денег, тогда как из дела оказывается по расчёту времени даже, что вы не заходили домой?" Прокурор немножко поморщился от вопроса, поставленного так ребром, но не прервал Николая Парфёновича (Достоевский 1). "Would you mind informing us...as to where you suddenly got so much money, when it appears from the evidence, even from the simple reckoning of time, that you did not stop at your own lodgings?" The prosecutor winced slightly at the bluntness with which the question had been put, but he did not interrupt Nikolai Parfenovich (1a).
         ♦ [Ипполит:] Сегодня, Надя, в последний час старого года, я намерен поставить вопрос ребром. Хватит водить меня за нос! [Надя:] Чем ты недоволен? [Ипполит:] Своим холостым положением. И я предлагаю... [Надя (перебивает):] Сядь! (Брагинский и Рязанов 1). [I.:] Today, Nadya, in the last hour of the old year, I intend to put the question squarely. No more leading me on like this! [N.:] What's wrong? [I.:] My bachelor status. And I propose... [N. (interrupting):] Please, sit down (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > поставить вопрос ребром

  • 12 ставить вопрос ребром

    СТАВИТЬ/ПОСТАВИТЬ ВОПРОС РЕБРОМ
    [VP; subj: human; usu. this WO]
    =====
    to say sth. or ask sth. straightforwardly, in an abrupt manner:
    - X поставил вопрос ребром X posed the issue (put the question) point-blank;
    - X put the question bluntly (squarely).
         ♦ Эта дама... поставила вопрос ребром: или я убираю квартиру, или должен идти домой (Лимонов 1). The lady...posed the issue point-blank: Either I cleaned the apartment or I had to go home (1a).
         ♦ "Не можете ли вы сообщить... откуда вы взяли вдруг столько денег, тогда как из дела оказывается по расчёту времени даже, что вы не заходили домой?" Прокурор немножко поморщился от вопроса, поставленного так ребром, но не прервал Николая Парфёновича (Достоевский 1). "Would you mind informing us...as to where you suddenly got so much money, when it appears from the evidence, even from the simple reckoning of time, that you did not stop at your own lodgings?" The prosecutor winced slightly at the bluntness with which the question had been put, but he did not interrupt Nikolai Parfenovich (1a).
         ♦ [Ипполит:] Сегодня, Надя, в последний час старого года, я намерен поставить вопрос ребром. Хватит водить меня за нос! [Надя:] Чем ты недоволен? [Ипполит:] Своим холостым положением. И я предлагаю... [Надя (перебивает):] Сядь! (Брагинский и Рязанов 1). [I.:] Today, Nadya, in the last hour of the old year, I intend to put the question squarely. No more leading me on like this! [N.:] What's wrong? [I.:] My bachelor status. And I propose... [N. (interrupting):] Please, sit down (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ставить вопрос ребром

  • 13 cloud

    1. noun
    1) Wolke, die; (collective) Bewölkung, die

    go round with or have one's head in the clouds — (fig.) (be unrealistic) in den Wolken schweben; (be absent-minded) mit seinen Gedanken ganz woanders sein

    every cloud has a silver lining(prov.) es hat alles sein Gutes

    2)

    cloud of dust/smoke — Staub-/Rauchwolke, die

    3) (fig.): (cause of gloom or suspicion) dunkle Wolke
    2. transitive verb
    1) verdunkeln [Himmel]; blind machen [Fenster[scheibe], Spiegel]
    2) (fig.): (cast gloom or trouble on) trüben [Glück, Freude, Aussicht]; überschatten [Zukunft]; (make unclear) trüben [Urteilsvermögen, Verstand, Bewusstsein]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/85435/cloud_over">cloud over
    * * *
    1.
    1) (a mass of tiny drops of water floating in the sky: white clouds in a blue sky; The hills were hidden in cloud.) die Wolke
    2) (a great number or quantity of anything small moving together: a cloud of flies.) der Schwarm
    3) (something causing fear, depression etc: a cloud of sadness.) der Schatten
    2. verb
    1) ((often with over) to become cloudy: The sky clouded over and it began to rain.) bewölken
    2) (to (cause to) become blurred or not clear: Her eyes were clouded with tears.) trüben
    3) (to (cause to) become gloomy or troubled: His face clouded at the unhappy news.) verdunkeln
    - cloudless
    - cloudy
    - cloudburst
    - under a cloud
    * * *
    [klaʊd]
    I. n
    1. (in sky) Wolke f
    cirrus \cloud Federwolke f, Zirruswolke f
    cumulus \cloud Kumuluswolke f
    rain \cloud Regenwolke f
    stratus \cloud Schichtwolke f, Stratuswolke f
    2. (mass)
    \cloud of dust/smoke/tear gas Staub-/Rauch-/Tränengaswolke f; of insects Schwarm m; ( fig)
    the \cloud of suspicion hanging over his head der auf ihm lastende Verdacht
    3.
    to have one's head in the \clouds mit seinen Gedanken ganz woanders sein
    a \cloud on the horizon ein Wölkchen am Horizont
    the only \cloud on the horizon is my in-laws coming to stay in December nur der Besuch meiner Schwiegereltern im Dezember liegt mir auf der Seele
    to be on \cloud nine ( dated) im siebten Himmel schweben
    every \cloud has a silver lining ( prov) jedes Unglück hat auch sein Gutes
    to be under a \cloud keinen guten Ruf haben
    II. vt
    1. ( fig: obscure)
    to \cloud sth etw vernebeln
    to \cloud an issue eine Angelegenheit verschleiern
    to \cloud sb's memory jds Erinnerungsvermögen trüben
    2. ( fig: make sad)
    to \cloud sb's spirit jdn betrüben
    III. vi face sich verdüstern
    * * *
    [klaʊd]
    1. n
    1) Wolke f

    low cloud(s) delayed takeoff — tief hängende Wolken verzögerten den Start

    to have one's head in the clouds — in höheren Regionen schweben; (momentarily) geistesabwesend sein

    every cloud has a silver lining (Prov)kein Unglück ist so groß, es hat sein Glück im Schoß (Prov)

    2) (of smoke, dust etc) Wolke f; (of insects) Schwarm m, Haufen m; (of gas, smoke from fire) Schwaden m

    cloud of dust/smoke — Staub-/Rauchwolke

    a cloud of controversy/confusion surrounded the whole matter — die ganze Angelegenheit wurde von Kontroversen überschattet/nebulöses Durcheinander herrschte in der ganzen Angelegenheit

    the cloud of suspicion hanging over him suddenly dispersed — der Verdacht, der über ihm schwebte, verflog plötzlich

    3) (in liquid, marble) Wolke f
    2. vt
    1) (lit) sky, view verhängen (geh); mirror trüben
    2) (fig: cast gloom on) prospect, sb's enjoyment trüben; face, expression umwölken (geh); (= mar, spoil) friendship, sb's future überschatten; (= make less clear) mind, judgement, awareness trüben; nature of problem verschleiern;
    3. vi
    See:
    = cloud over
    * * *
    cloud [klaʊd]
    A s
    1. Wolke(n) f(pl):
    yesterday there was a lot of cloud gestern war es stark bewölkt;
    cloud of dust Staubwolke;
    cloud of smoke Rauchwolke;
    cloud of steam Dampfwolke;
    there’s a cloud on the horizon fig ihr etc Glück ist nicht ganz ungetrübt;
    have one’s head in the clouds fig
    a) in höheren Regionen oder Sphären schweben,
    b) auch be up in the clouds in Gedanken vertieft sein;
    be on cloud nine umg im siebten Himmel schweben, sich (wie) im siebten Himmel fühlen; silver lining
    2. Wolke f, Schwarm m, Haufe(n) m:
    cloud of insects Insektenschwarm;
    cloud of electrons PHYS Elektronenwolke, -schwarm;
    cloud track PHYS Nebelspur f
    3. Wolke f (auch in Flüssigkeiten), dunkler Fleck, Fehler m (in Edelsteinen, Holz etc)
    4. (dunkler) Fleck (z. B. auf der Stirn eines Pferdes)
    5. fig drohende oder dunkle Wolke:
    cast a cloud on einen Schatten werfen auf (akk), etwas trüben;
    under a cloud (of suspicion) unter merkwürdigen oder ungeklärten Umständen;
    a) deprimiert sein,
    b) einen schlechten Ruf haben
    B v/t
    1. be-, umwölken
    2. Glas etc, auch jemandes Verstand, Urteil etc trüben:
    cloud the issue die Sache vernebeln oder unklar machen
    3. fig trüben, einen Schatten werfen auf (akk):
    a clouded future eine trübe Zukunft
    4. jemandes Ruf etc beflecken
    5. ädern, flecken
    6. TECH
    a) Seide moirieren
    b) Stoff, auch Stahl flammen
    C v/i: auch cloud over
    1. sich bewölken
    2. sich trüben, sich umwölken (beide auch fig)
    3. (sich) beschlagen (Glas)
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) Wolke, die; (collective) Bewölkung, die

    go round with or have one's head in the clouds — (fig.) (be unrealistic) in den Wolken schweben; (be absent-minded) mit seinen Gedanken ganz woanders sein

    every cloud has a silver lining(prov.) es hat alles sein Gutes

    2)

    cloud of dust/smoke — Staub-/Rauchwolke, die

    3) (fig.): (cause of gloom or suspicion) dunkle Wolke
    2. transitive verb
    1) verdunkeln [Himmel]; blind machen [Fenster[scheibe], Spiegel]
    2) (fig.): (cast gloom or trouble on) trüben [Glück, Freude, Aussicht]; überschatten [Zukunft]; (make unclear) trüben [Urteilsvermögen, Verstand, Bewusstsein]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Schatten - m.
    Wolke -n f.

    English-german dictionary > cloud

  • 14 morir

    v.
    1 to die.
    murió apuñalado he was stabbed to death
    murió asesinado he was murdered
    murió ahogado he drowned
    La niña murió al nacer The baby girl died at birth.
    Mis flores murieron My flowers died.
    2 to die down (fuego).
    3 to subside, to die, to peter off.
    El sonido murió al fin The sound subsided at last.
    4 to die on.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ DORMIR], like link=dormir dormir (pp muerto,-a)
    1 (ser vivo) to die
    2 (día) to finish, come to an end
    3 (fuego) to die down
    4 (sendero, río) to end
    1 to die
    \
    morir ahogado to drown
    morir con las botas puestas to die with one's boots on
    morirse de aburrimiento to be bored to death
    morirse de frío (fallecer) to die of cold 2 (tener frío) to be freezing
    morirse de ganas de... to be dying to...
    morirse de hambre to starve 2 figurado to be starving
    morirse de miedo to be scared stiff
    morirse de pena to die of a broken heart
    morirse de risa to kill oneself laughing
    morirse del susto to die of shock
    morirse de vergüenza to die of embarrassment
    morirse por + inf algo to be dying to + inf something
    morirse por alguien to be mad about somebody
    ¡muera...!/¡mueran...! death to...!, down with...!
    ¡mueran los dictadores! down with the dictators!
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    (pp muerto)
    1. VI
    1) [persona, animal, planta] to die

    ¡muera el tirano! — down with the tyrant!, death to the tyrant!

    morir ahogadoto drown

    morir ahorcado[por un verdugo] to be hanged; [suicidándose] to be found hanged

    morir asesinado[persona] to be murdered; [personaje público] to be assassinated

    morir de algo — to die of sth

    murió de cáncer/del corazón — he died of cancer/of a heart attack

    morir de frío — to die of cold, freeze to death

    morir de hambre — to die of hunger, starve to death

    morir de muerte natural — to die a natural death, die of natural causes

    morir de vejez o de viejo — to die of old age

    morir por algo — to die for sth

    bota
    2) (=extinguirse) [civilización] to die, die out, come to an end; [amor] to die; [fuego] to die down; [luz] to fade

    moría el díaliter the day was drawing to a close liter

    las olas iban a morir a la playaliter the waves ran out on the beach

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) persona to die

    morir de vejez/de muerte natural — to die of old age/of natural causes

    y allí muere! — (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!

    hasta morir — (Méx fam)

    b) (liter) civilización/costumbre to die out
    2.
    morirse v pron to die

    no te vas a morir por ayudarlo — (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq)

    como se entere me muero — (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq)

    muérete! me caso el sábado — (fam) you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! (colloq)

    morirse DE algo: se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack; morir de miedo/aburrimiento to be scared stiff/bored stiff; me muero de frío I'm freezing; me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq); es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny; me muero de ganas de verlos I'm dying to see them (colloq); morirse POR algo/alguien: me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq); se muere por ella he's nuts o crazy about her (colloq); morirse POR + INF — to be dying to + inf (colloq)

    * * *
    = die, pass on, bite + the dust, die away, give up + the ghost, kick + the bucket, pass away, die off.
    Ex. I understand that Mr. Haykin was hoping to develop a code for subject practice, but he died and it was never done, so that today we lack a code.
    Ex. Further, it is true in nature that organisms are born, grow and mature, decline and pass on.
    Ex. The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex. The desire soon dies away and the book is forgotten if copies are not handy = El deseo pronto muere y el libro se olvida si no hay ejemplares a mano.
    Ex. This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex. The author hypothesized that schizophrenia patients would show impaired idiom processing for literally plausible idioms (e.g., kick the bucket) but not for literally implausible idioms (e.g., be on cloud nine).
    Ex. A great deal of traditional indigenous knowledge is being irretrievably lost in New Zealand as the Maori elders age and pass away.
    Ex. Bees in southern Germany have been dying off in their hundreds of thousands.
    ----
    * antes morir que = would rather + Verbo + than.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * casi + morir = nearly + die.
    * deseo inconsciente de morir = death-wish.
    * luchar hasta morir = battle + it out.
    * morir ahogado = drown.
    * morir al instante = die + there and then, die on + the spot.
    * morir aplastado = crush to + death.
    * morir con dignidad = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.
    * morir de hambre = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.
    * morir de inanición = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.
    * morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.
    * morir después que = outlive.
    * morir de viejo = die of + old age.
    * morir dignamente = have + a dignified death, die with + dignity, die + a dignified death.
    * morir instantáneamente = die + there and then, die on + the spot.
    * morirse de frío = freeze to + death.
    * morirse de hambre = starve.
    * morirse de risa = laugh + Posesivo + head off.
    * morirse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.
    * morirse por = itch for.
    * morirse por + Infinitivo = be dying to + Infinitivo.
    * morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.
    * ¡muérete de envidia! = eat your heart out!.
    * nosotros lo hacíamos y no nos moríamos = it never did + Pronombre + any harm.
    * ser para morirse de risa = be a hoot.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) persona to die

    morir de vejez/de muerte natural — to die of old age/of natural causes

    y allí muere! — (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!

    hasta morir — (Méx fam)

    b) (liter) civilización/costumbre to die out
    2.
    morirse v pron to die

    no te vas a morir por ayudarlo — (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq)

    como se entere me muero — (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq)

    muérete! me caso el sábado — (fam) you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! (colloq)

    morirse DE algo: se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack; morir de miedo/aburrimiento to be scared stiff/bored stiff; me muero de frío I'm freezing; me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq); es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny; me muero de ganas de verlos I'm dying to see them (colloq); morirse POR algo/alguien: me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq); se muere por ella he's nuts o crazy about her (colloq); morirse POR + INF — to be dying to + inf (colloq)

    * * *
    = die, pass on, bite + the dust, die away, give up + the ghost, kick + the bucket, pass away, die off.

    Ex: I understand that Mr. Haykin was hoping to develop a code for subject practice, but he died and it was never done, so that today we lack a code.

    Ex: Further, it is true in nature that organisms are born, grow and mature, decline and pass on.
    Ex: The article 'Interchange bites the dust' comments on the decision by AT&T to abandon the Interchange online service technology.
    Ex: The desire soon dies away and the book is forgotten if copies are not handy = El deseo pronto muere y el libro se olvida si no hay ejemplares a mano.
    Ex: This article examines one such example, Cherrie Moraga's ' Giving Up the Ghost' where, for the first time, the issue of Chicana lesbian sexuality is addressed on the stage.
    Ex: The author hypothesized that schizophrenia patients would show impaired idiom processing for literally plausible idioms (e.g., kick the bucket) but not for literally implausible idioms (e.g., be on cloud nine).
    Ex: A great deal of traditional indigenous knowledge is being irretrievably lost in New Zealand as the Maori elders age and pass away.
    Ex: Bees in southern Germany have been dying off in their hundreds of thousands.
    * antes morir que = would rather + Verbo + than.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * casi + morir = nearly + die.
    * deseo inconsciente de morir = death-wish.
    * luchar hasta morir = battle + it out.
    * morir ahogado = drown.
    * morir al instante = die + there and then, die on + the spot.
    * morir aplastado = crush to + death.
    * morir con dignidad = die with + dignity, have + a dignified death, die + a dignified death.
    * morir de hambre = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.
    * morir de inanición = starve to + death, die of + hunger, starve of + hunger.
    * morir de muerte natural = die + a natural death.
    * morir después que = outlive.
    * morir de viejo = die of + old age.
    * morir dignamente = have + a dignified death, die with + dignity, die + a dignified death.
    * morir instantáneamente = die + there and then, die on + the spot.
    * morirse de frío = freeze to + death.
    * morirse de hambre = starve.
    * morirse de risa = laugh + Posesivo + head off.
    * morirse de vergüenza = squirm with + embarrassment.
    * morirse por = itch for.
    * morirse por + Infinitivo = be dying to + Infinitivo.
    * morir una muerte horrible = suffer + a horrible death, die + a horrible death.
    * ¡muérete de envidia! = eat your heart out!.
    * nosotros lo hacíamos y no nos moríamos = it never did + Pronombre + any harm.
    * ser para morirse de risa = be a hoot.

    * * *
    morir [ I37 ]
    vi
    1 «persona/animal» to die
    morir ahogado to drown
    murió asesinada she was murdered
    morir DE algo to die OF sth
    morir de viejo or de vejez to die of old age
    morir de muerte natural to die of natural causes
    morir de frío to die of cold, freeze to death
    murió de hambre she died of hunger, she starved to death
    murieron por la libertad de su patria they died for their country's freedom
    antes morir que rendirse (it's) better to die than to surrender
    ¡muera el dictador! death to the dictator!
    ¡ahí te mueras! ( fam); drop dead! ( colloq)
    hasta morir ( Méx fam): la fiesta va a ser hasta morir we're going to party till we drop ( colloq)
    ¡y allí muere! ( AmC fam); period! ( AmE), and that's that!
    2 ( liter); «civilización/costumbre» to die out
    con él moría el siglo XIX the 19th century died with him
    cuando muere la tarde as evening falls ( liter), as the day draws to a close ( liter)
    el río va a morir a la mar the river runs to the sea
    un caminito que muere al llegar al pueblo a little path which peters out when it gets to the village
    «persona/animal/planta» to die
    se murió a los 80 años she died at the age of 80
    se le ha muerto la madre her mother has died
    si no riegas las plantas se te van a morir your plants will die if you don't water them
    por poco me muero cuando me dijo el precio ( fam); I nearly died when he told me the price ( colloq)
    no te vas a morir por ayudarlo a hacer las camas ( fam); it won't kill you to help him make the beds ( colloq)
    como se entere me muero ( fam); I'll die if she finds out ( colloq)
    que me muera si miento cross my heart and hope to die ( colloq)
    ¡por mí que se muera! he can drop dead for all I care ( colloq)
    ¡muérete! me caso el sábado ( fam); you'll never guess what! I'm getting married on Saturday! ( colloq)
    morirse DE algo:
    se murió de un infarto he died of a heart attack
    se moría de miedo he was nearly dead with fright, he was scared stiff
    nos morimos de aburrimiento we got bored stiff o to death
    cierra la ventana, que me muero de frío close the window, I'm freezing
    me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving ( colloq), I'm dying of hunger ( colloq)
    es para morirse de risa it's hilariously funny, you just kill yourself o die laughing ( colloq)
    me muero de ganas de ver a los niños I'm dying to see the children ( colloq), I'm really looking forward to seeing the children
    morirse POR algo/algn:
    me muero por un vaso de agua I'm dying for a glass of water ( colloq)
    se muere por esa chica he's nuts o crazy o ( BrE) mad about that girl ( colloq)
    me muero por una cerveza fría I could murder a cold beer ( colloq), I'm dying for a cold beer ( colloq)
    morirse POR + INF to be dying to + INF ( colloq)
    me muero por irme de vacaciones I'm dying o I can't wait to go on vacation
    ser de morirse ( fam); to be amazing o incredible ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    morir ( conjugate morir) verbo intransitivo
    a) [persona/animal] to die;


    murió asesinada she was murdered;
    morir DE algo ‹de vejez/cáncer› to die of sth;
    murió de hambre she starved to death;
    ¡y allí muere! (AmC fam) and that's all there is to it!
    b) (liter) [civilización/costumbre] to die out

    morirse verbo pronominal [persona/animal/planta] to die;

    se me murió la perra my dog died;
    no te vas a morir por ayudarlo (fam) it won't kill you to help him (colloq);
    como se entere me muero (fam) I'll die if she finds out (colloq);
    morirse DE algo ‹de un infarto/de cáncer› to die of sth;
    se moría de miedo/aburrimiento he was scared stiff/bored stiff;
    me muero de frío I'm freezing;
    me estoy muriendo de hambre I'm starving (colloq);
    me muero por una cerveza I'm dying for a beer (colloq);
    se muere por verla he's dying to see her (colloq)
    morir verbo intransitivo to die
    morir de agotamiento/hambre, to die of exhaustion/starvation

    ' morir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ahogada
    - ahogado
    - antes
    - cascar
    - de
    - descendencia
    - tiesa
    - tieso
    - vida
    - acto
    - caer
    - librar
    - malograr
    - matar
    - muera
    - muriera
    English:
    before
    - bleed
    - cause
    - death wish
    - die
    - drown
    - expire
    - freeze
    - save
    - than
    - exposure
    - go
    * * *
    vi
    1. [fallecer] to die (de of);
    murió apuñalado he was stabbed to death;
    murió asesinado he was murdered;
    murió ahogado he drowned;
    morir (de) joven to die young;
    morir de cáncer/de frío/de muerte natural to die of cancer/of cold/of natural causes;
    murió de (un) infarto he died from a heart attack;
    morir por la patria/por una causa to die for one's country/for a cause;
    ¡muera el tirano! death to the tyrant!;
    Fam
    a morir: la quiero a morir I love her to death;
    aquella noche bebimos a morir we had absolutely loads to drink that night
    2. [terminar]
    este río muere en el lago this river runs into the lake;
    aquel camino muere en el bosque that path peters out in the forest
    3. Literario [extinguirse] [fuego] to die down;
    [luz] to go out; [día] to come to a close; [tradición, costumbres, civilización] to die out;
    nuestra relación murió hace tiempo our relationship died a long time ago
    * * *
    <part muerto> v/i die (de of);
    morir de hambre die of hunger, starve to death
    * * *
    morir {46} vi
    1) fallecer: to die
    2) apagarse: to die out, to go out
    * * *
    morir vb to die

    Spanish-English dictionary > morir

  • 15 punto

    "point;
    Punkt;
    ponto"
    * * *
    1. past part vedere pungere
    2. m point
    medicine, ( maglia) stitch
    punto di vista point of view, viewpoint
    punto cardinale point of the compass
    punto di partenza starting point
    punto di fusione melting point
    fino a che punto sei arrivato? how far have you got?
    alle dieci in punto at ten o'clock exactly or on the dot
    punto fermo full stop, AE period
    due punti colon
    punto e virgola semi-colon
    punto esclamativo exclamation mark
    punto interrogativo question mark
    di punto in bianco suddenly, without warning
    essere sul punto di fare qualcosa be on the point of doing something, be about to do something
    * * *
    punto s.m.
    1 ( geometrico) point: punto cuspidale, cusp (o cuspidal point); punto di intersezione, intersection point; punto di tangenza, point of tangency; punto di biforcazione, bifurcation; punto di incontro, contact; punto isolato, acnode; punto medio, ( di un segmento) midpoint; punto limite, limit-point; punto di flesso, inflexion point; punto materiale, mass point // punti cardinali, cardinal points // punto morto, (mil.) dead angle, (mecc.) dead point; (fig.) deadlock: i negoziati sono a un punto morto, negotiations have reached a deadlock (o are deadlocked)
    2 ( segno grafico) full stop; (amer.) period: metti il punto, put the full stop; punto e a capo, full stop and new paragraph; punto interrogativo, esclamativo, question mark, exclamation mark; punto e virgola, semicolon; due punti, colon // per me tuo fratello è ancora un punto interrogativo, your brother is still an enigma to me
    3 ( macchiolina) dot, speck: la nave era un punto all'orizzonte, the ship was like a dot (o speck) on the horizon
    4 ( luogo determinato, posto) point; spot: punto di ritrovo, meeting point; punto di arrivo, point (o place) of arrival; punto di partenza, starting point (o point of departure); è il punto più bello della valle, it's the nicest spot in the valley // (comm.) punto di vendita, di consegna, point of sale, of delivery // (inform.): punto di implementazione, location; punto di ingresso, entry point; punto di interruzione, breakpoint; punto di salto, branchpoint; punto di riferimento, benchmark; punto di riversamento, di ripresa, ( IBM) di controllo, checkpoint; punto macchina, index point // (aer.): punto a terra, ground position; punto di non ritorno, equitime point; (fig.) point of no return; punto di riferimento al suolo, pinpoint // (edil.) punto d'appoggio, point of support // (fot.) punto di presa, camera station
    5 ( passo, argomento) passage; point; ( dettaglio) detail: è un punto che si presta a più interpretazioni, it's a passage that is open to various interpretations; su questo punto non sono d'accordo, I don't agree on this point; veniamo al punto, let's come to the point; non trascurare questo punto, don't overlook this detail; qui sta il punto, this is the point // punto per punto, ( nei dettagli) point by point (o in detail)
    6 ( momento, istante) moment, point: sei arrivato al punto giusto, you arrived at the right moment (o point); a un certo punto se ne è andato via, at a certain point he left; essere sul punto di andarsene, to be about to go (o to be on the point of going) // in punto di morte, at the point of death; arrivò alle 3 in punto, he arrived at three o'clock sharp
    7 ( livello, grado) point: punto di cottura, cooking point; punto di ebollizione, boiling point; (mecc.) punto di rottura, breaking point; punto critico, critical point; ho superato il punto di sopportazione, I've come to the end of my tether // (econ.): punto di pareggio, breakeven (point); punto di saturazione, saturation point // (chim., fis.): punto di accensione, fire (o ignition) point; punto di anilina, aniline point; punto di carica zero, zero point of charge; punto di condensazione, dew point; punto di equilibrio, balance point; punto di fusione, melting point; punto di intorbidimento, cloud point; punto di saturazione, saturation point; punto di viraggio, punto finale, end point; energia del punto zero, zero point energy
    8 ( di colore) shade: è un bel punto di verde, it's a nice shade of green
    9 ( unità di elemento di valutazione) point: l'euro ha guadagnato tre punti, the euro has gained three points; l'asso vale 10 punti, the ace is worth ten points (o scores ten); la squadra ha 30 punti in classifica, the team has 30 points on the table; come stiamo a punti?, what is the score? // punto di contingenza, point of the cost-of-living allowance // (fin.) punto dell'oro, bullion (o specie) point // dà dei punti a tutti, he's streets ahead of everyone else // vincere ai punti, to win on points // la sua buona volontà è un punto in suo favore, his goodwill is a point in his favour
    10 (mus.) dot
    11 ( al cucito e nella maglia) stitch; punto a coste, rib-stitch; punto a croce, cross-stitch; punto a giorno, hem-stitch; punto catenella, chain-stitch; punto dritto, a legaccio, plain-stitch; punto indietro, back-stitch; punto nascosto, blind-stitch; punto rammendo, darning-stitch; punto rovescio, back-stitch (o purl); punto smerlo, buttonhole stitch; punto raso, satin stitch; crescere, calare un punto, to add, to slip a stitch; lasciar cadere un punto, to drop a stitch; mettere su i punti, to cast on stitches // devo dare un punto al mio vestito, I must stitch up my dress // non sa dare neanche un punto, she cannot sew a stitch // un punto in tempo ne salva cento, (prov.) a stitch in time saves nine
    12 (med.) ( di sutura) stitch: il chirurgo mi diede tre punti, I had three stitches
    13 (tip.) point
    14 punto nero, ( comedone) comedo*
    15 punto metallico, staple.
    ◆ FRASEOLOGIA: di tutto punto, fully: lo trovai vestito di tutto punto, I found him fully dressed; a che punto è il tuo lavoro?, how far have you got with your work?; a che punto siamo?, where are we? (o where have we got to?); l'affare è a questo punto, the business has got to this point; al punto in cui stanno le cose..., as matters stand...; le cose sono a buon punto, things are going well; le cose sono al punto di prima, things stand as before; sono a buon punto, I have made good progress; fare il punto della situazione, to take stock of (o to weigh up) the situation // a tal punto che..., to the point that... // fino a un certo punto, to a certain extent // punto dolente, (fig.) sore spot (o point).
    punto agg. (region.): non... punto, not... any (o no); non ho punta voglia di uscire con te, I have no wish (o I haven't any wish) to go out with you
    pron. (region.): non... punto, not... any (o none); ''Hai dei libri?'' ''Non ne ho punti'', ''Have you got any books?'' ''Not a one'' (o ''None at all'')
    avv. non... punto, not... at all (o not at all): non l'ho visto punto, I haven't seen him at all; non sono punto soddisfatto di lui, I am not at all satisfied with him // né punto né poco, nothing at all; poco o punto, little or nothing (at all).
    * * *
    I ['punto]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) (luogo) point
    2) (situazione, momento) point

    essere sul punto di fareto be on the point of doing o (just) about to do o close to doing

    in punto di morte — at death's door, at one's last gasp

    fino a che punto...? — to what extent...?

    a un punto tale che, a tal punto che — to such a degree o an extent that, so much so that

    fino a un certo punto — up to a point, to a certain extent o degree

    4) (questione, argomento) point

    punto cominform. dot com

    7) (punteggio) point

    segnare, perdere -i — to score, lose points

    essere un punto a favore, a sfavore di qcn. — to be a point in sb.'s favour o a plus point for sb., to be a black mark against sb

    8) (nella punteggiatura) full stop BE, period AE
    9) fis.

    punto di ebollizione, congelamento, fusione — boiling, freezing, melting point

    10) tip. point
    12) sart. stitch

    dare un punto a qcs. — to stitch up sth., to put a stitch in sth

    13) med. chir. stitch

    mettere a punto — to develop [sistema, metodo]; to adjust, to fine-tune [macchina, apparecchio]

    messa a punto(di sistema, metodo) development; (di macchina, apparecchio) fine tuning

    punto caldofig. hot o trouble spot

    punto (e) a capo — full stop, new paragraph

    essere di nuovo punto e a capofig. to be back at square one

    punto cardinalefis. geogr. compass o cardinal point

    punto criticocritical o crisis point

    punto fermofig. anchor

    punto di forza — strong point, strength

    punto di fugaart. arch. vanishing point

    punto Ganat. G spot

    punto a giornosart. hemstitch

    punto interrogativo — question mark, interrogation mark

    punto d'intersezionemat. point of intersection

    punto mortotecn. dead centre

    essere a un punto mortofig. to be at (a) deadlock o standstill

    punto neromed. blackhead

    tornare al punto di partenza — to come full circle, to go back to square one

    punto (di) vendita — outlet, point of sale, sales point

    ••

    dare dei -i a qcn. — to knock spots off sb.

    di punto in bianco — point-blank, out of the blue, all of a sudden

    II ['punto]
    * * *
    punto1
    /'punto/ ⇒ 28
    sostantivo m.
     1 (luogo) point; nel punto in cui il sentiero si divide at the point where the path divides
     2 (situazione, momento) point; a quel punto mi sono arreso at that point I gave up; arrivare al punto in cui to reach the point o stage where; arrivare al punto di fare to go so far as to do; essere sul punto di fare to be on the point of doing o (just) about to do o close to doing; in punto di morte at death's door, at one's last gasp
     3 (livello) a che punto siamo? where are we? a che punto sei arrivato col lavoro? how far have you got with the work? fino a che punto...? to what extent...? non lo credevo stupido fino a questo punto I didn't think he was that stupid; al punto che to the extent that; a un punto tale che, a tal punto che to such a degree o an extent that, so much so that; fino a un certo punto up to a point, to a certain extent o degree; a un certo punto at one point; essere a buon punto (nel fare) to be partway through (doing)
     4 (questione, argomento) point; un punto fondamentale di un testo a basic point in a text; punto per punto point by point; venire al punto to get (straight) to the point; non è questo il punto that's not the point o issue
     5 (segno grafico) dot; le città sono indicate sulla cartina da un punto towns are marked on the map by a dot; punto com inform. dot com
     6 (figura appena visibile) un punto luminoso in lontananza a point of light in the distance; un punto all'orizzonte a speck on the horizon
     7 (punteggio) point; segnare, perdere -i to score, lose points; contare i -i to keep (the) score; vincere ai -i to win on points; essere un punto a favore, a sfavore di qcn. to be a point in sb.'s favour o a plus point for sb., to be a black mark against sb.
     8 (nella punteggiatura) full stop BE, period AE; due -i colon
     9 fis. punto di ebollizione, congelamento, fusione boiling, freezing, melting point
     10 tip. point
     12 sart. stitch; dare un punto a qcs. to stitch up sth., to put a stitch in sth.
     13 med. chir. stitch; mi hanno dato sei -i (di sutura) I had six stitches
     14 in punto alle 9 in punto at 9 o'clock sharp o on the dot; mezzogiorno in punto high noon
     15 a punto essere a punto to be in order; mettere a punto to develop [sistema, metodo]; to adjust, to fine-tune [macchina, apparecchio]; messa a punto(di sistema, metodo) development; (di macchina, apparecchio) fine tuning
     16 di tutto punto era bardato di tutto punto he was rigged out in his best clothes
    dare dei -i a qcn. to knock spots off sb.; di punto in bianco point-blank, out of the blue, all of a sudden; abbiamo molti -i in comune we have a lot in common; fare il punto della situazione to take stock of the situation; punto e basta! that's (the end of) that! that's final! full stop! BE, period! AE
    \
    punto caldo fig. hot o trouble spot; punto (e) a capo full stop, new paragraph; essere di nuovo punto e a capo fig. to be back at square one; punto cardinale fis. geogr. compass o cardinal point; punto di contatto point of contact; punto critico critical o crisis point; punto (a) croce cross-stitch; punto debole weak point o spot; punto dolente sore point o spot; punto erba stem stitch; punto esclamativo exclamation mark BE o point AE; punto fermo fig. anchor; punto di forza strong point, strength; punto di fuga art. arch. vanishing point; punto G anat. G spot; punto a giorno sart. hemstitch; punto d'incontro meeting point (anche fig.); punto interrogativo question mark, interrogation mark; punto d'intersezione mat. point of intersection; punto metallico (graffetta) staple; punto morto tecn. dead centre; essere a un punto morto fig. to be at (a) deadlock o standstill; punto nero med. blackhead; punto di non ritorno point of no return; punto d'onore point of honour; punto panoramico viewpoint; punto di partenza starting point (anche fig.); tornare al punto di partenza to come full circle, to go back to square one; punto di ritrovo meeting-place; punto di rottura breaking point; punto (di) vendita outlet, point of sale, sales point; punto e virgola semicolon; punto di vista point of view; da un punto di vista economico from an economic point of view.
    ————————
    punto2
    /'punto/
    ant. (affatto) non mi dispiace punto I don't mind at all.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > punto

  • 16 duck

    I [dʌk]
    1) (pl. ducks, duck) zool. gastr. anatra f.
    ••
    II 1. [dʌk]

    to duck one's headchinare o piegare la testa

    2) (dodge) schivare, scansare [punch, ball]
    3) fig. (avoid) evitare [issue, responsibility]
    4) (push under water) immergere nell'acqua, cacciare sott'acqua [ person]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo [ person] chinare la testa; [ boxer] scansare, schivare un colpo

    to duck behind sth. — nascondersi o cacciarsi dietro qcs

    III 1. [dʌk]
    nome tess. tela f. olona
    2.
    nome plurale ducks abbigl. pantaloni m. in tela olona
    * * *
    I verb
    1) (to push briefly under water: They splashed about, ducking each other in the pool.)
    2) (to lower the head suddenly as if to avoid a blow: He ducked as the ball came at him.)
    II plurals - ducks, duck; noun
    1) (a kind of wild or domesticated water-bird with short legs and a broad flat beak.)
    2) (a female duck. See also drake.)
    3) (in cricket, a score of nil by a batsman: He was out for a duck.)
    * * *
    [dʌk]
    1. n
    2. vt
    (plunge in water: person, head) spingere sotto (acqua)
    3. vi
    (also: duck down) accucciarsi, (in fight) fare una schivata, (under water) tuffarsi sott'acqua
    * * *
    I [dʌk]
    1) (pl. ducks, duck) zool. gastr. anatra f.
    ••
    II 1. [dʌk]

    to duck one's headchinare o piegare la testa

    2) (dodge) schivare, scansare [punch, ball]
    3) fig. (avoid) evitare [issue, responsibility]
    4) (push under water) immergere nell'acqua, cacciare sott'acqua [ person]
    2.
    verbo intransitivo [ person] chinare la testa; [ boxer] scansare, schivare un colpo

    to duck behind sth. — nascondersi o cacciarsi dietro qcs

    III 1. [dʌk]
    nome tess. tela f. olona
    2.
    nome plurale ducks abbigl. pantaloni m. in tela olona

    English-Italian dictionary > duck

  • 17 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 18 appear

    əˈpɪə гл.
    1) показываться;
    появляться She appeared to him in a dream. ≈ Она приснилась ему. to appear far away ≈ показываться/появляться вдали Suddenly a face appeared at the window. ≈ Неожиданно в окне появилось чье-то лицо. He appeared a few minutes before the end of the party. ≈ Он появился за несколько минут до окончания вечеринки.
    2) (как глагол-связка в именном составном сказуемом) выглядеть, иметь вид to appear sad (ill, strange, satisfied, etc.) ≈ казаться грустным (больным, странным, удовлетворенным и т. п.)
    3) выступать на сцене The famous actor is now appearing at the Grand Theatre. ≈ Известный артист выступает в настоящее время на сцене Большого театра. appear in a certain character
    4) предстать перед судом;
    являться в суд;
    выступать в суде He failed to appear in court. ≈ Он не явился в суд. She appeared against John in court. ≈ Она выступила в суде против Джона. The two thieves will appear at the court tomorrow morning. ≈ Два вора предстанут перед судом завтра утром. appear before a judge appear for appear for the prosecution appear for the defendant appear to defend
    5) выходить, издаваться;
    появляться (в печати) The article will appear in the next issue. ≈ Статья будет опубликована в следующем номере. appear daily appear fortnightly appear posthumously appear in print
    6) производить впечатление;
    казаться It appears( to me) that they will not come. ≈ Мне кажется, что они не придут.
    7) явствовать It appears that they are relatives. ≈ Оказывается они родственники.
    появляться, показываться - to * simultaneously появляться одновременно - to * on the horizon появляться на горизонте - the town *ed below us внизу под нами показался город - he promised to be home at four o'clock but did not * until six он обещал быть дома в четыре часа, а явился только в шесть бывать в обществе, на приемах - to * in society появляться в обществе - to * at social gatherings бывать на вечерах выступать( об актерах, лекторе, музыканте) ;
    исполнять роль( в фильме) - to * as Hamlet выступать в роли Гамлета - to * in every big concert hall in Europe выступать во всех больших концертных залах Европы появляться (в печати) ;
    выходить (в свет), издаваться (о книгах) - the book *ed last month книга вышла в прошлом месяце находиться, быть - the idea *s in many old books эту мысль можно найти во многих старых книгах казаться, представляться, производить впечатление - to * as helpless as a child производить впечатление беспомощного ребенка - the work *s to be interesting эта работа представляется интересной - it *s to me that you are all mistaken мне кажется, вы все ошибаетесь - you * to know everything похоже на то, что вы все знаете - there *s to have been a mistake похоже, что произошло недоразумение - strange as it may * как ни странно это может показаться - will she win? - It *s so она выиграет? - Видимо, да явствовать, следовать;
    быть явным, очевидным - is *s from this that... из этого ясно, что... - it *s from what you say из того, что вы говорите, следует преим. (юридическое) предстать перед судом;
    являться в суд;
    выступать в суде - to * before a judge предстать перед судьей - to * for the defendant выступать (в суде) в качестве защитника обвиняемого - to * for the prosecution выступать в качестве прокурора как глагол-связка в именном составном сказуемом выглядеть, иметь вид - to * sad выглядеть печальным - he *ed not at all disconcerted у него был совершенно не расстроенный вид
    appear быть доказанным ~ выступать (официально, публично) ;
    to appear for the defendant выступать в суде в качестве защитника обвиняемого ~ выступать ~ выступать в суде ~ выступать на сцене;
    to appear in the character of Othello играть роль Отелло ~ выходить, издаваться;
    появляться (в печати) ~ издаваться ~ показываться;
    появляться ~ появляться ~ представать перед судом ~ предстать (перед судом) ~ производить впечатление;
    казаться;
    strange as it may appear как бы странно не показалось ~ проявляться ~ фигурировать ~ являться в суд, представать перед судом ~ являться в суд ~ явствовать;
    it appears from this из этого явствует ~ явствовать
    ~ before the court выступать в суде ~ before the court представать перед судом before: ~ prep перед лицом, в присутствии;
    to appear before the Court предстать перед судом
    ~ выступать (официально, публично) ;
    to appear for the defendant выступать в суде в качестве защитника обвиняемого
    ~ выступать на сцене;
    to appear in the character of Othello играть роль Отелло
    ~ явствовать;
    it appears from this из этого явствует
    ~ производить впечатление;
    казаться;
    strange as it may appear как бы странно не показалось

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > appear

  • 19 Б-274

    БЫЛЬЁМ (БЫЛЬЮ, ТРАВОЙ) ПОРОСЛО VP subj: abstr, usu. всё, (всё) это usu. past fixed WO
    sth. has been completely forgotten ( usu. sth. that happened long ago): всё быльем поросло - it's (all) long forgotten
    itfs all gone and forgotten itis all (long since) dead and buried (gone) it's all ancient history (in limited contexts) itfs long dead.
    В те благословенные времена советская молодёжь не воротила нос от советских же символов... Я помню, в моде были «будённовки», сталинские френчи и даже сталинские усы. Давно это было, да былью поросло (Войнович 1). In those hallowed days, Soviet youth did not turn up its nose at Soviet symbols....1 can remember when army caps, Stalin jackets, and even Stalin mustaches were in style. But those times were long ago and are long forgotten (1a).
    Много позже, когда всё, так сказать, быльём поросло, Лёва взглянул однажды на её кольцо... - и вдруг всё ожило и завертелось перед его глазами, воскресло и ощущение того вечера с Митишатьевым, и всех последовавших дней... (Битов 2). Much later, when the issue was long dead, so to speak, Lyova glanced at her ring one day... - and suddenly it all came back to life and started spinning before his eyes. The feeling of that night with Mitishatyev revived, too, and of all the days that had followed... (2a).
    Part of the saying «Что было, то прошло (и быльём поросло)». See Б-275.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Б-274

  • 20 Г-60

    ГЛАЗА ОТКРЫВАЮТСЯ/ОТКРЙЛИСЬ у кого (на что) VP subj. more often pfv) having rid himself of delusions or misconceptions, s.o. begins to understand the situation as it really is: у X-a открылись глаза (на Y) X's eyes have been opened (to Y) the scales fell (have fallen) from X's eyes.
    (Войницкий:)...Теперь у меня открылись глаза! Я всё вижу! Пишешь ты об искусстве, но ничего не понимаешь в искусстве! (Чехов 3). (V.:)...Now my eyes have been opened. Everything's perfectly clear. You write about art, but you haven't the faintest idea what art is all about (3c).
    Выросла она в Галиции, жадно читала советских писателей и верила каждому слову... Из первого вуза, где она работала, её выгнали по пятому пункту. Она сочла это местной ошибкой, но, когда выяснилось, что пятый пункт стал центром внимания и на идиллию соцреализма полагаться нельзя, у неё вдруг открылись глаза (Мандельштам 2). She had grown up in Galicia, where she eagerly read Soviet writers and believed every word they said....In the first college where she worked she had been dismissed because of Point Five (the entry in Soviet passports indicating a person's ethnic origin. If used without specification, usu. refers to Jews). She had put this down as a "local mistake," but when Point Five proved to be a major issue and the idylls of socialist realism had worn thin, the scales suddenly fell from her eyes (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-60

См. также в других словарях:

  • issue — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) n. product, offspring, progeny (See posterity); discharge; out come, result; question, dispute (see inquiry). v. leave, depart, debouch, emerge; circulate, dispatch, send, publish; emit, discharge, exude …   English dictionary for students

  • Suddenly — Sudden Sud den, a. [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F. soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come unexpectedly, p. p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under, secretly + ire to go. See {Issue}, and cf.… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Orube Special (W.I.T.C.H. special issue) — This special issue deals with Orube s life on Earth, mainly with her application at the university for a journalist course.Here she solves a case, where one of the university s teachers steals the computers from one of the student newspapers, so… …   Wikipedia

  • spring — [c]/sprɪŋ / (say spring) verb (sprang or sprung, sprung, springing) –verb (i) 1. to rise or move suddenly and lightly as by some inherent power: to spring into the air; a tiger about to spring. 2. to go or come suddenly as if with a leap: blood… …  

  • start — /stahrt/, v.i. 1. to begin or set out, as on a journey or activity. 2. to appear or come suddenly into action, life, view, etc.; rise or issue suddenly forth. 3. to spring, move, or dart suddenly from a position or place: The rabbit started from… …   Universalium

  • start — /stat / (say staht) verb (i) 1. to begin to move, go, or act; set out, as on a journey. 2. to begin any course of action or procedure, as one s career, life, etc. 3. (of a process or performance) to begin. 4. to come suddenly into activity, life …  

  • Franklin Pierce — Infobox President | name=Franklin Pierce nationality=United States caption=President Pierce, about 1855, by Matthew Brady order=14th President of the United States term start=March 4, 1853 term end=March 4, 1857 predecessor=Millard Fillmore… …   Wikipedia

  • gush — gushingly, adv. /gush/, v.i. 1. to flow out or issue suddenly, copiously, or forcibly, as a fluid from confinement: Water gushed from the broken pipe. 2. to express oneself extravagantly or emotionally; talk effusively: She gushed with pride over …   Universalium

  • spurt — spurter, n. spurtive, adj. spurtively, adv. /sperrt/, v.i. 1. to gush or issue suddenly in a stream or jet, as a liquid; spout. 2. to show marked, usually increased, activity or energy for a short period: The runners spurted forward in the last… …   Universalium

  • gush — [[t]gʌʃ[/t]] v. i. 1) to flow out or issue suddenly, copiously, or forcibly, as a fluid from confinement; pour 2) to express oneself extravagantly or emotionally; talk effusively 3) to have a sudden copious flow, as of blood or tears 4) to emit… …   From formal English to slang

  • spurt — /spɜt / (say spert) verb (i) 1. to gush or issue suddenly in a stream or jet, as a liquid. 2. to show marked activity or energy for a short period. –verb (t) 3. to throw or force out suddenly in a stream or jet, as a liquid. –noun 4. a forcible… …  

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