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1 длительный допустимый ток
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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2 хранилище жидких отходов
хранилище жидких отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
stabilisation lagoon
Ponds in which wastes are allowed to decompose over long periods of time and aeration is provided only by wind action. Sunlight is allowed to fall on sewage to purify it. (Source: PARCOR / PHC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > хранилище жидких отходов
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3 банк образцов природных элементов
банк образцов природных элементов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental specimen bank
Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose. (Source: AZENP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > банк образцов природных элементов
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4 биосферный заповедник
биосферный заповедник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
biosphere reserve
Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques. (Source: WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > биосферный заповедник
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5 биофильтрация
биофильтрация
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
biofiltration
The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand. (Source: PORT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > биофильтрация
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6 водоем для спортивной рыбной ловли
водоем для спортивной рыбной ловли
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
fishing preserve
Limited portion of a water body where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > водоем для спортивной рыбной ловли
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7 выдача документов
выдача документов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
document lending
The service provided by a library in which the library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials outside the library. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выдача документов
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8 выдача по межбиблиотечному обмену
выдача по межбиблиотечному обмену
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
inter-library loan
The service provided by one library in which a second library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials belonging to the first library; and consequently the system providing rules and infrastructure for this service to a group of libraries. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > выдача по межбиблиотечному обмену
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9 заброшенная мусорная яма
заброшенная мусорная яма
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
old landfill site
Landfill that has been filled and covered with topsoil and seeded. The most common end use for landfills is open spaces with no active recreation taking place over the completed landfill. The obvious reason for this use is that the completed surface is steeply sloped to provide rapid runoff. Also, no irrigation of the cover grasses should be allowed. It is very unlikely to think that commercial or industrial buildings will be constructed on a completed landfill. If the end use is such that the public will be walking on the site, it is important that all manholes be properly secured, leachate lagoons fenced, and other potential hazards eliminated. (Source: CORBITa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > заброшенная мусорная яма
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10 максимальная допустимая температура
максимальная допустимая температура
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[IEV number 442-06-41]EN
maximum permissible temperature
maximum service temperature
Denotes the highest temperature which the connecting device is allowed to attain in normal use as a result of ambient temperature, induced heat, and heat caused by the device itself
[IEV number 442-06-41]FR
température maximale permise
température maximale de service
Température la plus élevée que le dispositif de connexion peut atteindre en usage normal et résultant de la température ambiante, de la chaleur induite et de la chaleur dégagée par le dispositif lui-même
[IEV number 442-06-41]EN
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > максимальная допустимая температура
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11 максимально допустимая концентрация
максимально допустимая концентрация
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
maximum admissible concentration
The maximum exposure to a physical or chemical agent allowed in an 8-hour work day to prevent disease or injury. (Source: KOREN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > максимально допустимая концентрация
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12 национальный рыбный заказник
национальный рыбный заказник
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
national fishing reserve
Limited portion of a water body belonging to the State where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > национальный рыбный заказник
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13 периферийная часть природного заповедника
периферийная часть природного заповедника
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
peripheral park area
A zone of the park where scientific research is allowed. Beyond this there is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. (Source: WRIGHTa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > периферийная часть природного заповедника
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14 пешеходная зона
пешеходная зона
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
pedestrian zone
Area where vehicles are not allowed. (Source: CAMB)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пешеходная зона
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15 политика в области рыболовства
политика в области рыболовства
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
fishery policy
Common Fisheries Policy which covers all fishing activities, the farming of living aquatic resources, and their processing and marketing, on the legal basis of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome. It was agreed between members of the European Community in 1983. It lays down annual catch limits for major species of fish, a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone for each state, and an equal-access zone of 200 nautical miles from its coast within which any member state is allowed to fish. (Source: ECSA / SOCIOL)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > политика в области рыболовства
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16 природная зона
природная зона
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
natural area
An area in which natural processes predominate, fluctuations in numbers of organisms are allowed free play and human intervention is minimal. (Source: LANDY)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > природная зона
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17 прогиб допускаемый
прогиб допускаемый
Максимальная величина прогиба конструкции, допускаемая по условиям её нормальной эксплуатации
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > прогиб допускаемый
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18 размеры габаритные транспортные
размеры габаритные транспортные
Предельно допустимые по условиям эксплуатации габариты транспортных средств с грузом, обеспечивающие их безопасный проезд
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]Тематики
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DE
FR
- dimensions d'encombrement admissibles des véhicules (avec ou sans chargement)
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > размеры габаритные транспортные
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19 разрешенный переход
разрешенный переход
Переход, возможный при данной симметрии системы и рассматриваемом взаимодействии.
[Сборник рекомендуемых терминов. Выпуск 75. К вантовая электроника. Академия наук СССР. Комитет научно-технической терминологии. 1984 г.]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разрешенный переход
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20 регионы разрешенной охоты
регионы разрешенной охоты
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
controlled hunting zone
An administered geographic area in which the pursuit, capture and killing of wild animals for food or sport, is allowed, often with certain restrictions or regulations. (Source: ISEP / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > регионы разрешенной охоты
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