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inverting

  • 1 why

    why [waɪ]
    • why did you do it? pourquoi l'avez-vous fait ?
    • why not? pourquoi pas ?
    • why not phone her? pourquoi ne pas lui téléphoner ?
    * * *
    Note: why translates as pourquoi in French, but see II, III below for exceptions
    As with other words such as où, quand, comment etc, questions are formed by inserting est-ce que after the question word: why did you go? = pourquoi est-ce que tu y es allé? or by inverting the subject and verb after the question word, which is slightly more formal: pourquoi y es-tu allé? In spoken French the question word can be put at the end: tu y es allé pourquoi?
    why occurs with certain reporting verbs such as ask, explain, know, think and wonder. For translations, see these entries
    [waɪ], US [hwaɪ] 1.
    1) ( in questions) pourquoi

    why do you ask? — pourquoi est-ce que tu me poses la question?, pourquoi me poses-tu la question?

    ‘I'm annoyed’ - ‘why is that?’ — ‘je suis vexé’ - ‘pourquoi?’

    oh no, why me? — oh non, pourquoi est-ce que ça me tombe dessus? (colloq)

    ‘it's not possible’ - ‘why not?’ — ‘ce n'est pas possible’ - ‘pourquoi pas?’

    ‘can I apply?’ - ‘I don't see why not’ — ‘est-ce que je peux m'inscrire?’ - ‘je ne vois pas pourquoi tu ne pourrais pas’

    3) (expressing irritation, defiance) pourquoi

    ‘tell them’ - ‘why should I?’ — ‘dis-leur’ - ‘et pourquoi (est-ce que je devrais le faire)?’

    whyever not? — GB pourquoi pas?

    2.
    conjunction pour ça

    so that's why! — ( finally understanding) ah, c'est pour ça!

    ‘why?’ - ‘because you're stubborn, that's why!’ — ‘pourquoi?’ - ‘parce que tu es têtu, c'est tout!’

    I need to know the reason why — j'ai besoin de savoir pourquoi; reason 1. 1

    3.
    (dated) exclamation mais

    English-French dictionary > why

  • 2 why

    why, US hwaI
    ❢ Why translates as pourquoi in French, but see B, C below for exceptions. As with other words such as où, quand, comment etc, questions are formed by inserting est-ce que after the question word: why did you go? = pourquoi est-ce que tu y es allé? or by inverting the subject and verb after the question word, which is slightly more formal: pourquoi y es-tu allé? In spoken French the question word can be put at the end: tu y es allé pourquoi? why occurs with certain reporting verbs such as ask, explain, know, think and wonder. For translations, see these entries.
    A adv
    1 ( in questions) pourquoi ; why do you ask? pourquoi est-ce que tu me poses la question?, pourquoi me poses-tu la question? ; why didn't she tell us? pourquoi est-ce qu'elle ne nous l'a pas dit?, pourquoi ne nous l'a-t-elle pas dit? ; why risk everything? pourquoi tout risquer? ; why bother? pourquoi se tracasser? ; ‘I'm annoyed’-‘why is that?’ ‘je suis vexé’-‘pourquoi?’ ; why all the fuss? pourquoi tout ce remue-ménage? ; why the delay? pourquoi ce retard? ; why me? pourquoi moi? ; oh no, why me? oh non, pourquoi est-ce que ça me tombe dessus? ; why not somebody else? pourquoi pas quelqu'un d'autre? ; ‘it's not possible’-‘why not?’ ‘ce n'est pas possible’-‘pourquoi pas?’ ; ‘would you be interested?’-‘why not?’ ‘ça t'intéresserait?’-‘pourquoi pas?’ ; ‘can I apply?’-‘I don't see why not’ ‘est-ce que je peux m'inscrire?’-‘je ne vois pas pourquoi tu ne pourrais pas’ ;
    2 ( when making suggestions) pourquoi ; why don't you apply for the job? pourquoi est-ce que tu ne poses pas ta candidature? ; why don't we go away for the weekend? pourquoi ne pas partir quelque part pour le week-end? ; why don't I invite them for dinner? et si je les invitais à manger? ; why not sell the car? pourquoi ne pas vendre la voiture? ; why not send off now for our brochure? pourquoi ne pas demander dès maintenant notre brochure? ; why not a mix of traditional and modern? pourquoi pas un mélange de classique et de moderne? ;
    3 (expressing irritation, defiance) pourquoi ; why don't they mind their own business? pourquoi est-ce qu'ils ne s'occupent pas de leurs affaires? ; why can't you be quiet? tu ne peux pas te taire deux minutes? ; why do I bother? à quoi ça sert que je me donne du mal? ; why should they get all the praise? pourquoi est-ce que c'est eux qui auraient tous les compliments? ; ‘tell them’-‘why should I?’ ‘dis- leur’-‘et pourquoi est-ce que je devrais le faire?’ ;
    4 ( also whyever) ( expressing surprise) whyever not? GB pourquoi pas? ; whyever did you say that? pourquoi donc as-tu dit cela?
    B conj pour ça ; that is why they came c'est pour ça qu'ils sont venus ; that's not why I asked ce n'est pas pour ça que j'avais posé la question ; is that why she telephoned? est-ce que c'est pour ça qu'elle a téléphoné? ; so that's why! ( finally understanding) ah, c'est pour ça! ; ‘why?’-‘because you're stubborn, that's why!’ ‘pourquoi?’-‘parce que tu es têtu, c'est tout!’ ; the reason why la raison pour laquelle ; one of the reasons why they left une des raisons pour lesquelles ils sont partis ; I need to know the reason why j'ai besoin de savoir pourquoi ; ⇒ reason A 2.
    C n the why le pourquoi m ; ⇒ wherefore.
    D † excl mais ; why, we've just arrived! mais nous venons d'arriver!

    Big English-French dictionary > why

  • 3 Usage note : do

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to do in subject + to do + object sentences is faire:
    she’s doing her homework
    = elle fait ses devoirs
    what are you doing?
    = qu’est-ce que tu fais?
    what has he done with the newspaper?
    = qu’est-ce qu’il a fait du journal?
    faire functions in very much the same way as to do does in English and it is safe to assume it will work in the great majority of cases. For the conjugation of the verb faire, see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    In questions
    In French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in questions equivalent to the use of do in English.
    When the subject is a pronoun, the question is formed in French either by inverting the subject and verb and putting a hyphen between the two ( veux-tu?) or by prefacing the subject + verb by est-ce que (literally is it that):
    do you like Mozart?
    = aimes-tu Mozart? or est-ce que tu aimes Mozart?
    did you put the glasses in the cupboard?
    = as-tu mis les verres dans le placard? or est-ce que tu as mis les verres dans le placard?
    When the subject is a noun there are again two possibilities:
    did your sister ring?
    = est-ce que ta sœur a téléphoné? or ta sœur a-t-elle téléphoné?
    did Max find his keys?
    = est-ce que Max a trouvé ses clés? or Max a-t-il trouvé ses clés?
    In negatives
    Equally, auxiliaries are not used in negatives in French:
    I don’t like Mozart
    = je n’aime pas Mozart
    you didn’t feed the cat
    = tu n’as pas donné à manger au chat
    don’t do that!
    = ne fais pas ça!
    In emphatic uses
    There is no verbal equivalent for the use of do in such expressions as I DO like your dress. A French speaker will find another way, according to the context, of expressing the force of the English do. Here are a few useful examples:
    I DO like your dress
    = j’aime beaucoup ta robe
    I DO hope she remembers
    = j’espère qu’elle n’oubliera pas
    I DO think you should see a doctor
    = je crois vraiment que tu devrais voir un médecin
    When referring back to another verb
    In this case the verb to do is not translated at all:
    I don’t like him any more than you do
    = je ne l’aime pas plus que toi
    I live in Oxford and so does Lily
    = j’habite à Oxford et Lily aussi
    she gets paid more than I do
    = elle est payée plus que moi
    I haven’t written as much as I ought to have done
    = je n’ai pas écrit autant que j’aurais dû
    ‘I love strawberries’ ‘so do I’
    = ‘j’adore les fraises’ ‘moi aussi’
    In polite requests
    In polite requests the phrase je vous en prie can often be used to render the meaning of do:
    do sit down
    = asseyez-vous, je vous en prie
    do have a piece of cake
    = prenez un morceau de gâteau, je vous en prie
    ‘may I take a peach?’ ‘yes, do’
    = ‘puis-je prendre une pêche?’ ‘je vous en prie’
    In imperatives
    In French there is no use of an auxiliary verb in imperatives:
    don’t shut the door
    = ne ferme pas la porte
    don’t tell her anything
    = ne lui dis rien
    do be quiet!
    = tais-toi!
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like doesn’t he? or didn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    you like fish, don’t you?
    = tu aimes le poisson, n’est-ce pas?
    he lives in London, doesn’t he?
    = il habite à Londres, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the meaning contained in the tag: par hasard can often be useful as a translation:
    Lola didn’t phone, did she?
    = Lola n’a pas téléphoné par hasard?
    Paul doesn’t work here, does he?
    = Paul ne travaille pas ici par hasard?
    In many cases the tag is not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey what is implied:
    you didn’t tidy your room, did you? (i.e. you ought to have done)
    = tu n’as pas rangé ta chambre?
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct French equivalent for short answers like yes I do, no he doesn’t etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘Marion didn’t say that’ ‘yes she did’
    = ‘Marion n’a pas dit ça’ ‘si’
    ‘they don’t sell vegetables at the baker’s’ ‘yes they do’
    = ‘ils ne vendent pas les légumes à la boulangerie’ ‘si’
    In response to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘do you like strawberries?’ ‘yes I do’
    = ‘aimez-vous les fraises?’ ‘oui ’
    For more examples and particular usages, see the entry do.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : do

См. также в других словарях:

  • Inverting — Invert In*vert , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Inverted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Inverting}.] [L. invertere, inversum; pref. in in + vertere to turn. See {Verse}.] [1913 Webster] 1. To turn over; to put upside down; to upset; to place in a contrary order or… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • inverting — apgręžimas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. inverting; reversing vok. Invertierung, f; Reversierung, f; Umkehrung, f rus. инвертирование, n; обращение, n; реверсирование, n pranc. renversement, m …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • inverting eyepiece — apvertimo okuliaras statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. erecting eyepiece; inverting eyepiece; terrestrial eyepiece vok. Erdfernrohrokular, n; terrestrisches Okular, n rus. земной окуляр, m; оборачивающий окуляр, m; обращающий окуляр, m… …   Fizikos terminų žodynas

  • inverting — in·vert || ɪn vÉœrt / vɜːt n. turning over; homosexual; reversal, reversed colors on a screen (Computers) v. reverse; reverse order; turn upside down; turn inside out adj. reverse, turned around, turned upside down …   English contemporary dictionary

  • inverting — present part of invert …   Useful english dictionary

  • inverting function — noun An electronic logic circuit which inverts the phase of a signal …   Wiktionary

  • Inverting [reversal, reversing] prism — Оборачивающая призма …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • Inverting table — Поворотный стол (в конвейерной системе) …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

  • inverting suture — a type of suture used in intestinal anastomosis to appose and invert the serosal surfaces of the two segments, as in Cushing sutures and Lembert sutures …   Medical dictionary

  • inverting telescope — noun : a telescope in which the image is seen or photographed upside down usually because it has no optical erecting system …   Useful english dictionary

  • Paper-inverting machine — Устройство для переворачивания стоп бумаги …   Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии

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