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1 ak-taumr
m. esp. in pl. ar, lines (taumar) to trim (aka) the sail, distinguished from höfuðbendur, the stays of the mast, perhaps the braces of a sail (used by Egilsson to transl. ύπέραι in Od. 5. 260), Þórarinn stýrði ok hafði aktaumana um herðar sér, þvíat þröngt var á skipinu, had the braces round his shoulders, because the boat was blocked up with goods, Ld. 56; the phrase, sitja í aktaumum, to manage the sail; ef ek sigli með landi fram, ok sit ek í aktaumum, þá skal engi snekkja tvítugsessa sigla fyrir mér, eða ek vilja svipta ( reef the sail) fyr en þeir, Fms. v. 337; reiði slitnaði, svá at bæði gékk í sundr höfuðbendur ok aktaumar, Fas. iii. 118; reki segl ofan, en a. allir slitni, 204; slitnuðu höfuðbendur ok aktaumar, Bær. 5, Edda (Gl.) That the braces were generally two may be inferred from the words við aktaum hvárntveggja hálf mörk, N. G. L. i. 199.2. metaph., sitja í aktaumum, to have the whole management of a thing; mun yðr þat eigi greitt ganga ef þér erut einir í aktaumum, if you are alone in the management of it, Ísl. ii. 49; einir um hituna is now used in the same sense. (The Engl. yoke-lines, as aktaumar is sometimes interpreted (as in the Lat. transl. of the Ld.), are now called stjórntaumar. Aktanmr is obsolete. See ‘Stones of Scotland,’ tab. liv. sqq.) -
2 bjannak
n. benediction (from Irish beannacht).* * *n. an απ. λεγ.; þat var háttr hans ef hann (viz. Odin) sendi menn sína til orrostu eðr aðrar sendifarar, at hann lagði áðr hendr í höfuð þeim ok gaf þeim bjannak, trúðu þeir at þá mundi vel farast, Ýngl. S. ch. 11; it is commonly interpreted as benedictio, but it is no doubt the Scot. bannock, from Gael, banagh, an oat-cake; cp. Lat. panis. The whole passage in the Hkr. points to Christian rites and ideas brought into the pagan North, but which are here attributed to Odin, (cp. the breaking of bread and the Eucharist.) -
3 mjötuðr
m.1) dispenser of fate, ruler, judge;2) bane, death (sverð heitir manns m.);3) = mjötviðr.* * *m., spelt mjotviðr, Vsp. 2, which form can only be an error of the transcriber, for both passages, verses 2 and 47, represent the same word; [A. S. metoð; Hel. metod; by which word the A. S. homilies, as well as the Heliand, denote God, prop. the ‘Meter,’ Dispenser]; the word itself is of heathen origin: in the Icel. it only occurs in old poets, and there in but a few passages, all of which agree, if rightly interpreted, with the A. S. use of the word. It occurs twice in the Vsp.; in verse 47,—Leika Míms synir, en mjötuðr kyndisk, but the meotud is kindled, lighted, where it seems to be applied to the god Heimdal, (the dawn in the Eastern sky, the morning star? see Prof. Bergmann in his Ed. of Gm. 1871, p. 169); in verse 2,—níu man ek heima, níu íviðjur, mjötuð mæran fyrir mold neðan, I mind the nine abodes, the nine giantesses (the nine mothers of Heimdal?), the worthy Dispenser beneath earth; this ‘meotud beneath earth’ seems here to represent the god of the nether world, the Pluto of the Northern mythology, with whom all things above originated (Heimdal?); somewhat similar views are expressed in the Platonic Dialogue Axiochus, ch. 12 and 13.2. sá er hann með mönnum mjötuðr, such a guardian (helper) is he among men, Fsm.II. metaph. and in an evil sense, weird, bane; mjtuðr is glossed by bani ( a bane), Edda (Gl.) ii. 494; mjötuðr Heimdals, the bane of Heimdal = the head; Heimdalar höfuð heitir sverð … sverð heitir manns-mjötuðr, a sword is the bane of men, Edda 55, from a myth that Heimdal was pierced by a head (used as a bolt): nema mjötuðr spilti, unless death spoiled her, unless she died, Og. 14; ef mér meirr m. málrúm gæfi, if death would give me more time for speech (says the dying Brynhild), Skv. 3. 71; sá manns mjötuðr, this bane of men, of a charmed, poisoned sword, Fas. i. (in a verse). The word is found only in the above passages; the explanation given in Lex. Poët. can hardly be the true one. For Hm. 60 see mjöt above. -
4 SKÝRA
crystallize, crystallise* * *(-ða, -ðr), v. to explain, expound, set forth, interpret (kveðst s. mundu fyrir honum, ef hann vildi vita); s. spurdaga, to solve or answer a question.* * *ð, [Ulf. skeiran = ἑρμηνεύειν; see skíra]:—to explain, tell, expound, interpret, set forth; kveðsk skýra mundu fyrir honum, ef hann vildi vita, Fms. xi. 12; þá er þat nú skýranda, ‘tis now to be told, Sks. 522; skýrir ritningin heimsins görð, Stj. 2; ok er þó rétt at hann skýri þat eigi meirr, enn hann segisk, he is not bound to more particulars than that, Grág. ii. 88; svá sem skýrir Decreta, Anecd. 38 C; skýra spurdaga, to solve a question, Fms. x. 377; þá skýrði hann ( interpreted) bók Jobs, Rb. 368; skýra ritningar, Al. 10; ráða ok skýra drauma, Stj.; ok spyrja síðan alla lögréttu-menn at skýra þat hvat hverr þeirra vill, Grág. i. 8; skal dóttir konungs sitja hjá ok skýra ( to decide) hvárir vinna, Fas. ii. 546; nema váttar skýri, unless witnesses decide, Grág. ii. 226 A; út-skýra, to comment on, Mar.2. reflex., í þessu má þat skýrask, 677. 37; framarr enn skýrask megi með nokkurum framburði, Th. 21. -
5 ÞÝÐA
I)(-dda, -ddr), v.1) to win over, attach; þýða sér, to attach to oneself (hann ferr víða um lönd ok þýddi sér fólkit);2) to explain, interpret (þýða draum);3) to signify (hvat ætlar þú þenna draum þýða?);4) refl., þýðast e-n, to attach oneself to, associate with one; þýðast e-n með vináttu, to be on a friendly footing with one; þýðast e-m = þýðast e-n; Uni þýddist þórunni, dóttur Leiðólfs, U. paid court to Th., daughter of L.; þýðast til e-s, undir e-n, to attach oneself to, pay homage to, submit to (vildu þeir heldr þýðast undir hans konungdóm en undir Svía-konung; þýddust til hans margir höfðingjar af öðrum löndum).f. attachment, love.* * *d, [O. H. G. djuten: Dutch duiden; Germ. deuten; Dan. tyde; the word is better derived from Goth. þjuda than from þjuþ = bonum]:—prop. to associate, attach; þýða sér, to attach to oneself; hann ferr víða um lönd ok þýddi sér fólkit, Fms. iii. 272.II. to explain, interpret; þýða draum, to interpret a dream, Fms. viii. 12, passim: þýða bók, to comment on a book; björg ok steina þýddu þeir móti tönnum, Edda (pref.) 145.2. to signify; hvat ætlar þú þenna draum þýða? Ld. 316; at hann (the dream) þýði annat enn ek göri ór honum. Fms. v. 341, x. 147, v. l.; ‘communio’ þýðir samneyti, Hom. 141; það þýðir svá, 655 xxiii. 1, Stj., Barl., Mar., passim.III. reflex., with acc. to attach oneself to, associate with; öllum þeim er þá þýðask ok í þeirra embætti bindask, Sks. 358; Haraldr var vinsæll af sínum mönnum, honum (hann?) þýddusk gamlir menn með speki-ráðum, Fms. x. 178; þýðask e-n með vináttu, to pay one homage and friendship, Eg. 20; at hann mundi fá virðing mikla af konungi ef þeir vildi hann þýðask, 17; Uni þýddisk Þórunni dóttur Leiðólfs, U. made love to Th., daughter of L., Landn. 246; hann settisk á húsit hjá álptinni ok vildi þýðask hana, Ísl. ii. 195, Fas. i. 18, Bs. i. 375; setið svá fylkingar yðrar, at þeir þýðisk eigi svá skjótt skóginn, sem þeim er títt til, Fms. vi. 62; skaltú þá fyrst þýðask ok göra þér at vinum, Sks. 284 B: hann þý;ddisk eigi leika né lausung, Bs. i. 90.2. with prepp.; þýðask undir e-n, or til e-s, to attach oneself to, asiociate with, pay homage to, or the like; vildu þeir heldr þýðask undir hans konungdóm en undir Svía-konung, Hkr. i. 137, H. E. i. 459; hann var mikill höfðingi ok eigu vér með öngu móti at þýðask undir ( submit to) nokkut forboð, … þýddusk til hans margir höfðingjar af öðrum löndum ( paid him homage), Fms. ix. 450; at eigi þýðisk flærðsamir guðir til várra ákalla, Sks. 308.3. pass. (Latinism) to be interpreted; Lazairus þýðisk svá sem boginn, Greg. 23; hirðmaðr þýðisk svá sem hirzlu-maðr, Sks. 272; svá þýðisk nafn Kirkju sem þinghús, 784.
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