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intelligence+man

  • 81 заплатить дань

    ОТДАВАТЬ/ОТДАТЬ <ПЛАТИТЬ/ЗАПЛАТИТЬ и т.п.> ДАНЬ lit
    [VP; subj: human; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. заплатить дань (чего) кому-чему to appreciate s.o. or sth. in full measure for his or its merit, show one's appreciation for s.o. or sth.:
    - X отдал Y-y AaHb(Z-a) X paid homage to Y < X paid Y the homage of Z>;
    - [in limited contexts] X gave person Y credit for Z.
         ♦ "...Посмотрите на себя: может ли мужчина, встретя вас, не заплатить вам дань удивления... хотя взглядом?" (Гончаров 1). "...Look at yourself: what man could fail to pay you the homage of admiration-if only with his eyes?" (1b).
         ♦ Такой путь менее тернист, чем обычный, который предполагал ученичество у шумевших тогда официальных метров символизма - у Бальмонта, Брюсова или Вячеслава Иванова (им Мандельштам, конечно, отдал дань, но не столь большую, как другие) (Мандельштам 2). There was a less thorny path than the one that in those years usually required an apprenticeship with the acknowledged masters of Symbolism: Balmont, Briusov, or Viacheslav Ivanov, then at the height of their fame. (M[andelstam] naturally paid them due tribute, but to a lesser degree than others did) (2a).
         ♦ И отдавая дань уму моей матери, надо сказать, что вела она себя с Ивановскими идеально, в том смысле, что запрятала подальше свою дерзость и строптивость (Рыбаков 1). It should also be said, giving my mother credit for intelligence, that she behaved perfectly with the Ivanovskys, and kept her rudeness and obstinacy well out of sight (1a).
    2. заплатить дань чему to comply with sth., yield to sth.:
    - X отдаёт дань Y-y X pays tribute to Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X succumbs < gives in> to Y.
         ♦ Он [Вертинский] отдавал дань моде, отражал те настроения, которые влияли в ту эпоху даже на таких серьёзных деятелей искусства, как Александр Блок, Алексей Толстой, Владимир Маяковский (Олеша 3). Не [Vertinsky] paid tribute to fashion, reflecting those attitudes which in that epoch influenced even such serious artistic figures as Alexander Blok, Alexey Tolstoy, and Vladimir Mayakovsky (3a).
         ♦ Ему известно, что люди, отдыхая, болтают. Он решает отдать какую-то дань общечеловеческим обыкновениям (Олеша 2). He knows that when people are relaxing they usually chat. He decides to respect certain human habits (2a).
         ♦ Ходасевич - человек старой школы. Он верил в необходимость провокации для уничтожения человека. Кроме того, он отдал дань современному стилю и в каждом встречном подозревал провокатора (Мандельштам 2). Khodasevich was a man of the old school who believed that provocation was essential to the business of destroying a chosen victim, and furthermore, he had succumbed to the new fashion of seeing a spy in everyone who came along (2a).
    3. заплатить дань кому-чему to pay attention to s.o. or sth. (often, in one's writings, speech etc):
    - X отдал дань Y-y X gave Y Y's due;
    - X paid homage to Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > заплатить дань

  • 82 отдавать дань

    ОТДАВАТЬ/ОТДАТЬ <ПЛАТИТЬ/ЗАПЛАТИТЬ и т.п.> ДАНЬ lit
    [VP; subj: human; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. отдавать дань (чего) кому-чему to appreciate s.o. or sth. in full measure for his or its merit, show one's appreciation for s.o. or sth.:
    - X отдал Y-y AaHb(Z-a) X paid homage to Y < X paid Y the homage of Z>;
    - [in limited contexts] X gave person Y credit for Z.
         ♦ "...Посмотрите на себя: может ли мужчина, встретя вас, не заплатить вам дань удивления... хотя взглядом?" (Гончаров 1). "...Look at yourself: what man could fail to pay you the homage of admiration-if only with his eyes?" (1b).
         ♦ Такой путь менее тернист, чем обычный, который предполагал ученичество у шумевших тогда официальных метров символизма - у Бальмонта, Брюсова или Вячеслава Иванова (им Мандельштам, конечно, отдал дань, но не столь большую, как другие) (Мандельштам 2). There was a less thorny path than the one that in those years usually required an apprenticeship with the acknowledged masters of Symbolism: Balmont, Briusov, or Viacheslav Ivanov, then at the height of their fame. (M[andelstam] naturally paid them due tribute, but to a lesser degree than others did) (2a).
         ♦ И отдавая дань уму моей матери, надо сказать, что вела она себя с Ивановскими идеально, в том смысле, что запрятала подальше свою дерзость и строптивость (Рыбаков 1). It should also be said, giving my mother credit for intelligence, that she behaved perfectly with the Ivanovskys, and kept her rudeness and obstinacy well out of sight (1a).
    2. отдавать дань чему to comply with sth., yield to sth.:
    - X отдаёт дань Y-y X pays tribute to Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X succumbs < gives in> to Y.
         ♦ Он [Вертинский] отдавал дань моде, отражал те настроения, которые влияли в ту эпоху даже на таких серьёзных деятелей искусства, как Александр Блок, Алексей Толстой, Владимир Маяковский (Олеша 3). Не [Vertinsky] paid tribute to fashion, reflecting those attitudes which in that epoch influenced even such serious artistic figures as Alexander Blok, Alexey Tolstoy, and Vladimir Mayakovsky (3a).
         ♦ Ему известно, что люди, отдыхая, болтают. Он решает отдать какую-то дань общечеловеческим обыкновениям (Олеша 2). He knows that when people are relaxing they usually chat. He decides to respect certain human habits (2a).
         ♦ Ходасевич - человек старой школы. Он верил в необходимость провокации для уничтожения человека. Кроме того, он отдал дань современному стилю и в каждом встречном подозревал провокатора (Мандельштам 2). Khodasevich was a man of the old school who believed that provocation was essential to the business of destroying a chosen victim, and furthermore, he had succumbed to the new fashion of seeing a spy in everyone who came along (2a).
    3. отдавать дань кому-чему to pay attention to s.o. or sth. (often, in one's writings, speech etc):
    - X отдал дань Y-y X gave Y Y's due;
    - X paid homage to Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > отдавать дань

  • 83 отдать дань

    ОТДАВАТЬ/ОТДАТЬ <ПЛАТИТЬ/ЗАПЛАТИТЬ и т.п.> ДАНЬ lit
    [VP; subj: human; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. отдать дань (чего) кому-чему to appreciate s.o. or sth. in full measure for his or its merit, show one's appreciation for s.o. or sth.:
    - X отдал Y-y AaHb(Z-a) X paid homage to Y < X paid Y the homage of Z>;
    - [in limited contexts] X gave person Y credit for Z.
         ♦ "...Посмотрите на себя: может ли мужчина, встретя вас, не заплатить вам дань удивления... хотя взглядом?" (Гончаров 1). "...Look at yourself: what man could fail to pay you the homage of admiration-if only with his eyes?" (1b).
         ♦ Такой путь менее тернист, чем обычный, который предполагал ученичество у шумевших тогда официальных метров символизма - у Бальмонта, Брюсова или Вячеслава Иванова (им Мандельштам, конечно, отдал дань, но не столь большую, как другие) (Мандельштам 2). There was a less thorny path than the one that in those years usually required an apprenticeship with the acknowledged masters of Symbolism: Balmont, Briusov, or Viacheslav Ivanov, then at the height of their fame. (M[andelstam] naturally paid them due tribute, but to a lesser degree than others did) (2a).
         ♦ И отдавая дань уму моей матери, надо сказать, что вела она себя с Ивановскими идеально, в том смысле, что запрятала подальше свою дерзость и строптивость (Рыбаков 1). It should also be said, giving my mother credit for intelligence, that she behaved perfectly with the Ivanovskys, and kept her rudeness and obstinacy well out of sight (1a).
    2. отдать дань чему to comply with sth., yield to sth.:
    - X отдаёт дань Y-y X pays tribute to Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X succumbs < gives in> to Y.
         ♦ Он [Вертинский] отдавал дань моде, отражал те настроения, которые влияли в ту эпоху даже на таких серьёзных деятелей искусства, как Александр Блок, Алексей Толстой, Владимир Маяковский (Олеша 3). Не [Vertinsky] paid tribute to fashion, reflecting those attitudes which in that epoch influenced even such serious artistic figures as Alexander Blok, Alexey Tolstoy, and Vladimir Mayakovsky (3a).
         ♦ Ему известно, что люди, отдыхая, болтают. Он решает отдать какую-то дань общечеловеческим обыкновениям (Олеша 2). He knows that when people are relaxing they usually chat. He decides to respect certain human habits (2a).
         ♦ Ходасевич - человек старой школы. Он верил в необходимость провокации для уничтожения человека. Кроме того, он отдал дань современному стилю и в каждом встречном подозревал провокатора (Мандельштам 2). Khodasevich was a man of the old school who believed that provocation was essential to the business of destroying a chosen victim, and furthermore, he had succumbed to the new fashion of seeing a spy in everyone who came along (2a).
    3. отдать дань кому-чему to pay attention to s.o. or sth. (often, in one's writings, speech etc):
    - X отдал дань Y-y X gave Y Y's due;
    - X paid homage to Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > отдать дань

  • 84 платить дань

    ОТДАВАТЬ/ОТДАТЬ <ПЛАТИТЬ/ЗАПЛАТИТЬ и т.п.> ДАНЬ lit
    [VP; subj: human; fixed WO]
    =====
    1. платить дань (чего) кому-чему to appreciate s.o. or sth. in full measure for his or its merit, show one's appreciation for s.o. or sth.:
    - X отдал Y-y AaHb(Z-a) X paid homage to Y < X paid Y the homage of Z>;
    - [in limited contexts] X gave person Y credit for Z.
         ♦ "...Посмотрите на себя: может ли мужчина, встретя вас, не заплатить вам дань удивления... хотя взглядом?" (Гончаров 1). "...Look at yourself: what man could fail to pay you the homage of admiration-if only with his eyes?" (1b).
         ♦ Такой путь менее тернист, чем обычный, который предполагал ученичество у шумевших тогда официальных метров символизма - у Бальмонта, Брюсова или Вячеслава Иванова (им Мандельштам, конечно, отдал дань, но не столь большую, как другие) (Мандельштам 2). There was a less thorny path than the one that in those years usually required an apprenticeship with the acknowledged masters of Symbolism: Balmont, Briusov, or Viacheslav Ivanov, then at the height of their fame. (M[andelstam] naturally paid them due tribute, but to a lesser degree than others did) (2a).
         ♦ И отдавая дань уму моей матери, надо сказать, что вела она себя с Ивановскими идеально, в том смысле, что запрятала подальше свою дерзость и строптивость (Рыбаков 1). It should also be said, giving my mother credit for intelligence, that she behaved perfectly with the Ivanovskys, and kept her rudeness and obstinacy well out of sight (1a).
    2. платить дань чему to comply with sth., yield to sth.:
    - X отдаёт дань Y-y X pays tribute to Y;
    - [in limited contexts] X succumbs < gives in> to Y.
         ♦ Он [Вертинский] отдавал дань моде, отражал те настроения, которые влияли в ту эпоху даже на таких серьёзных деятелей искусства, как Александр Блок, Алексей Толстой, Владимир Маяковский (Олеша 3). Не [Vertinsky] paid tribute to fashion, reflecting those attitudes which in that epoch influenced even such serious artistic figures as Alexander Blok, Alexey Tolstoy, and Vladimir Mayakovsky (3a).
         ♦ Ему известно, что люди, отдыхая, болтают. Он решает отдать какую-то дань общечеловеческим обыкновениям (Олеша 2). He knows that when people are relaxing they usually chat. He decides to respect certain human habits (2a).
         ♦ Ходасевич - человек старой школы. Он верил в необходимость провокации для уничтожения человека. Кроме того, он отдал дань современному стилю и в каждом встречном подозревал провокатора (Мандельштам 2). Khodasevich was a man of the old school who believed that provocation was essential to the business of destroying a chosen victim, and furthermore, he had succumbed to the new fashion of seeing a spy in everyone who came along (2a).
    3. платить дань кому-чему to pay attention to s.o. or sth. (often, in one's writings, speech etc):
    - X отдал дань Y-y X gave Y Y's due;
    - X paid homage to Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > платить дань

  • 85 Eigenschaft

    f quality; (Merkmal) (distinctive) feature, characteristic; PHYS., CHEM. property; (Wesen) nature; (Eigentümlichkeit) peculiarity; gute / schlechte Eigenschaften einer Person: good / bad points ( oder habits), positive / negative traits; einer Sache: good / bad points, advantages / disadvantages ( oder drawbacks); in seiner Eigenschaft als in his capacity of ( oder as), acting as
    * * *
    die Eigenschaft
    characteristic; property; quality; feature; attribute
    * * *
    Ei|gen|schaft ['aignʃaft]
    f -, -en
    (= Attribut) quality; (CHEM, PHYS ETC) property; (= Merkmal) characteristic, feature; (= Funktion) capacity

    Éígenschaften (Comput)properties

    * * *
    die
    1) (a quality that is a particular part of a person or thing: Intelligence is not one of his attributes.) attribute
    2) (a typical quality: It is one of his characteristics to be obstinate.) character
    3) (a personal characteristic or quality: We all have our good points and our bad ones.) point
    4) (a quality (usually of a substance): Hardness is a property of diamonds.) property
    5) (some (usually good) feature which makes a person or thing special or noticeable: Kindness is a human quality which everyone admires.) quality
    * * *
    Ei·gen·schaft
    <-, -en>
    [ˈaign̩ʃaft]
    f
    1. (Charakteristik) quality
    gute/schlechte \Eigenschaften good/bad qualities
    zugesicherte \Eigenschaft JUR warranted quality
    2. CHEM, PHYS (Merkmal) property
    3. (Funktion) capacity
    in jds \Eigenschaft als... in sb's capacity as...
    ich bin in amtlicher \Eigenschaft hier I am here in an official capacity
    * * *
    die; Eigenschaft, Eigenschaften (von Lebewesen) quality; characteristic; (von Sachen, Stoffen) property

    in seiner Eigenschaft als Mann/Vorsitzender — as a man/in his capacity as chairman

    * * *
    Eigenschaft f quality; (Merkmal) (distinctive) feature, characteristic; PHYS, CHEM property; (Wesen) nature; (Eigentümlichkeit) peculiarity;
    gute/schlechte Eigenschaften einer Person: good/bad points ( oder habits), positive/negative traits; einer Sache: good/bad points, advantages/disadvantages ( oder drawbacks);
    in seiner Eigenschaft als in his capacity of ( oder as), acting as
    * * *
    die; Eigenschaft, Eigenschaften (von Lebewesen) quality; characteristic; (von Sachen, Stoffen) property

    in seiner Eigenschaft als Mann/Vorsitzender — as a man/in his capacity as chairman

    * * *
    (Personen) f.
    attribute (personality) n. (Wissenschaft) f.
    property (science) n. f.
    feature n.
    quality n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Eigenschaft

  • 86 mangeln

    v/t (Wäsche) mangle
    v/i
    1. unpers.: es mangelt an (+Dat) there’s a lack ( oder shortage) of; es mangelt mir an Geld etc. I’m short of money etc.; es mangelt ihm an Mut he lacks ( oder is lacking in) courage; es mangelt ihr an nichts she lacks ( oder wants for) nothing; mangelndes Selbstvertrauen lack of self-confidence; wegen mangelnder Nachfrage due to inadequate ( oder lack of) demand
    2. geh.: dir mangelt der erforderliche Ehrgeiz etc. you lack the necessary ambition etc.
    * * *
    (bügeln) to mangle;
    (fehlen) to be missing; to be lacking; to lack
    * * *
    mạn|geln I ['maŋln]
    1. vt
    Wäsche to (put through the) mangle; (= heiß mangeln) to iron, to press
    2. vi
    to use the mangle; (mit Heißmangel) to use the rotary iron II
    1. vi impers

    er ließ es an nichts mangeln — he made sure that he/they etc lacked nothing, he made sure that nothing was lacking

    es mangelt jdm an etw (dat)sb lacks sth

    es mangelt ihm an Selbstvertrauen/Erfahrung — he is lacking in or he lacks self-confidence/experience

    mangelndes Selbstvertrauen/Verständnis etc — a lack of self-confidence/understanding etc

    2. vi

    etw mangelt jdm/einer Sache — sb/sth lacks sth; (Verständnis, Selbstvertrauen, Erfahrung auch) sb is lacking in sth

    * * *
    (to be without or not to have enough: He is lacking in intelligence.) be lacking
    * * *
    man·geln1
    [ˈmaŋl̩n]
    vi
    1. impers (ungenügend vorhanden sein)
    es mangelt an etw dat there is a shortage of sth
    es mangelt vor allem an Lebensmitteln above all there is a food shortage
    es mangelt [jdm] an etw dat sb does not have enough of sth
    es jdm an nichts \mangeln lassen to make sure sb doesn't want for anything
    es mangelt jdm an etw dat sb lacks [or does not have] sth
    dir mangelt es an der nötigen Reife you do not have the necessary maturity [or are too immature
    2. (nicht vorhanden sein)
    etw mangelt jdm sb lacks [or does not have] sth
    jdm mangelt der Ernst sb is not serious enough
    man·geln2
    [ˈmaŋl̩n]
    vt (mit der Mangel² glätten)
    etw \mangeln to press sth, to put sth through the mangle
    * * *
    I

    es mangelt an etwas — (Dat.) (ist nicht vorhanden) there is a lack of something; (ist unzureichend vorhanden) there is a shortage of something; something is in short supply

    jemandem/einer Sache mangelt es an etwas — (Dat.) somebody/something lacks something

    seine mangelnde Menschenkenntnishis inadequate understanding of people

    II 1.
    transitives Verb mangle
    2.
    intransitives Verb do the mangling
    * * *
    mangeln1 v/t (Wäsche) mangle
    mangeln2 v/i
    1. unpers:
    es mangelt an (+dat) there’s a lack ( oder shortage) of;
    es mangelt mir an Geld etc I’m short of money etc;
    es mangelt ihm an Mut he lacks ( oder is lacking in) courage;
    es mangelt ihr an nichts she lacks ( oder wants for) nothing;
    mangelndes Selbstvertrauen lack of self-confidence;
    wegen mangelnder Nachfrage due to inadequate ( oder lack of) demand
    2. geh:
    dir mangelt der erforderliche Ehrgeiz etc you lack the necessary ambition etc
    * * *
    I

    es mangelt an etwas — (Dat.) (ist nicht vorhanden) there is a lack of something; (ist unzureichend vorhanden) there is a shortage of something; something is in short supply

    jemandem/einer Sache mangelt es an etwas — (Dat.) somebody/something lacks something

    II 1.
    transitives Verb mangle
    2.
    intransitives Verb do the mangling

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > mangeln

  • 87 Über

    I Präp.
    1. räumlich: over, above; (höher als) auch higher than; (über... hinaus) beyond; sie wohnt über uns she lives (on the floor) above us; über der Stadt tobte ein Gewitter a storm was raging over the town; über uns nichts als blauer Himmel nothing above us but blue sky; er stand bis über die Knöchel im Schlamm the mud came up past his ankles; über jemandem stehen fig. (überlegen sein) be above s.o. (auch beruflich); über den Dingen stehen fig. be above such things
    2. (quer über) across; über die Straße gehen cross the street; über den Fluss schwimmen swim across the river; jemandem über das Haar streichen stroke s.o.’s hair; Tränen liefen ihr über die Wangen tears ran down her cheeks
    3. (in Richtung) via, through; über München nach Rom to Rome via Munich; geht der Zug über Frankfurt? does the train go through ( oder via) Frankfurt?
    4. bei einer Tätigkeit etc.: over; über den Büchern sitzen sit ( oder pore) over one’s books; über der Arbeit / seiner Lektüre einschlafen fall asleep over one’s work / while reading
    5. über meine Kräfte ( hinaus) beyond my strength; das geht über meinen Verstand it’s beyond me, it’s above my head; das geht ihm über alles it means more than anything to him; es geht nichts über... there’s nothing like...
    6. (mehr als) over, more than; amtlich: exceeding; Temperaturen über null above freezing ( oder zero); über 30 Grad over 30 degrees; er ist über 70 Jahre alt past ( oder over) seventy; man muss über 18 ( Jahre) sein you must be over 18
    7. (+ Akk) (wegen) over, about; über jemanden lachen laugh at / make fun of s.o.; sich (Dat) über etw. Sorgen machen worry about s.th.
    8. (+ Akk) (in Höhe von): eine Rechnung über 400 Euro a bill for 400 euros
    9. (während) during, while; über Nacht overnight; über das Wochenende over the weekend; über einige Jahre verteilt spread over several years; über kurz oder lang sooner or later; über all dem Gerede habe ich die Kinder ganz vergessen with all this chatting I completely forgot about the children
    10. sprechen etc. über (+ Akk) about; Abhandlung, Werk, Vortrag über (+ Akk) on; über Geschäfte / den Beruf / Politik reden talk business / shop / politics; nachdenken über (+ Akk) think about
    11. verstärkend: Fehler über Fehler one mistake after the other; Ärger über Ärger no end of trouble; er hat Schulden über Schulden he’s up to his ears in debt
    II Adv.: über und über all over; die ganze Zeit über all along; den ganzen Tag etc. über throughout the day etc.; etw. über sein umg. have had enough of s.th., be sick and tired of s.th.; übrig, vorüber, überhaben etc.
    * * *
    by way of; over; across; via; about; above; on
    * * *
    ['yːbɐ]
    1. prep
    1) +acc (räumlich) over; (= quer über) across; (= weiter als) beyond

    etw ǘber etw hängen/stellen — to hang/put sth over or above sth

    es wurde ǘber alle Sender ausgestrahlt — it was broadcast over all transmitters

    er lachte ǘber das ganze Gesicht — he was beaming all over his face

    2) +dat (räumlich) (Lage, Standort) over, above; (= jenseits) over, across

    zwei Grad ǘber null — two degrees (above zero)

    ǘber der Stadt lag dichter Nebel — a thick mist hung over the town

    ǘber uns lachte die Sonne — the sun smiled above us

    er trug den Mantel ǘber dem Arm — he was carrying his coat over his arm

    ǘber jdm stehen or sein (fig)to be over or above sb

    er steht ǘber der Situation (fig)he is above it all

    3) +dat (zeitlich = bei, während) over

    ǘber der Arbeit einschlafen — to fall asleep over one's work

    etw ǘber einem Glas Wein besprechen — to discuss sth over a glass of wine

    ǘber all der Aufregung/unserer Unterhaltung habe ich ganz vergessen, dass... — in all the or what with all the excitement/what with all this chatting I quite forgot that...

    ǘber Mittag geht er meist nach Hause — he usually goes home at lunch or at midday

    4) +acc

    Cäsars Sieg ǘber die Gallier — Caesar's victory over the Gauls

    Gewalt ǘber jdn haben — to have power over sb

    es kam plötzlich ǘber ihn — it suddenly came over him

    sie liebt ihn ǘber alles — she loves him more than anything

    das geht mir ǘber den Verstand — that's beyond my understanding

    Fluch ǘber dich! (obs)a curse upon you! (obs)

    5) +acc (= vermittels, auf dem Wege über) via

    die Nummer erfährt man ǘber die Auskunft — you'll get the number from or through or via information

    wir sind ǘber die Autobahn gekommen — we came by or via the autobahn

    nach Köln ǘber Aachen — to Cologne via Aachen

    Zug nach Frankfurt ǘber Wiesbaden und Mainz — train to Frankfurt via or stopping at or calling at (Brit) Wiesbaden and Mainz

    6) +acc (zeitlich) (= innerhalb eines Zeitraums, länger als) over

    ǘber Weihnachten — over Christmas

    bis ǘber Ostern — until after Easter

    den ganzen Sommer ǘber — all summer long

    ǘber Wochen (ausgedehnt) — for weeks on end

    die ganze Zeit ǘber — all the time

    das ganze Jahr ǘber — all through the year, all year round

    ǘber kurz oder lang — sooner or later

    es ist ǘber vierzehn Tage her, dass... — it's over fourteen days since...

    7) +acc (bei Zahlenangaben) (= in Höhe von) for; (= mehr als) over

    ein Scheck ǘber 20 Euro — a cheque (Brit) or check (US) for 20 euros

    eine Rechnung von ǘber £ 100 — a bill for over or of over £100

    Kinder ǘber 14 Jahre — children over 14 years or of 14 (years of age) and over

    Städte ǘber 50.000 Einwohner — towns of over 50,000 inhabitants

    Pakete ǘber 10 kg — parcels (esp Brit) or packages over 10 kgs

    8) +acc (= wegen) over; (= betreffend) about

    ein Buch/Film/Vortrag etc ǘber... — a book/film/lecture etc about or on...

    was wissen Sie ǘber ihn? — what do you know about him?

    ǘber welches Thema schreiben Sie Ihr neues Buch? — what's the subject of your new book?, what's your new book about?

    ǘber Politik/Wörterbücher/Fußball etc reden — to talk (about) politics/dictionaries/football etc

    ǘber jdn/etw lachen — to laugh about or at sb/sth

    sich ǘber etw freuen/ärgern — to be pleased/angry about or at sth

    9) +acc (steigernd) upon

    Fehler ǘber Fehler — mistake upon or after mistake, one mistake after another

    2. adv

    ǘber und ǘber — all over

    er wurde ǘber und ǘber rot — he went red all over

    ich stecke ǘber und ǘber in Schulden — I am up to my ears in debt

    (das) Gewehr ǘber! (Mil)shoulder arms!

    ǘber sein (inf)to be better than sb at sth

    * * *
    1) (on the subject of: We talked about our plans; What's the book about?) about
    2) (in a higher position than: a picture above the fireplace.) above
    3) (greater than: The child's intelligence is above average.) above
    4) (to the other side (of); from one side to the other side of: He took her across the road.) across
    5) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) by
    6) (more than: His salary is in excess of $25,000 a year.) in excess of
    7) (about: a book on the theatre.) on
    8) (higher than; above in position, number, authority etc: Hang that picture over the fireplace; He's over 90 years old.) over
    9) (from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of: He jumped over the gate; She fell over the cat; My friend lives over the street.) over
    10) (covering: He put his handkerchief over his face.) over
    11) (across: You find people like him all over the world.) over
    12) (while having etc: He fell asleep over his dinner.) over
    13) (finished: The affair is over now.) over
    14) (by way of: We went to America via Japan; The news reached me via my aunt.) via
    * * *
    [ˈy:bɐ]
    1. +dat (oberhalb) above
    \über dem Waschbecken befindet sich ein Spiegel there's a mirror above the washbasin
    2. +dat (unmittelbar auf) over
    \über diesem Pullover kannst du keinen roten Mantel tragen you can't wear a red coat over that pullover
    reinige die Flasche \über der Spüle clean the bottle over the sink
    \über der Straße across the street
    4. +akk (höher als) over
    er hängte ein Schild über die Tür he hang a sign over the door
    5. +akk (querend) over
    reichst du mir mal den Kaffee \über den Tisch? can you pass me the coffee across the table?
    die Brücke führt \über den Fluss the bridge goes over [or across] the river
    mit einem Satz sprang er \über den Graben with a single leap he jumped over [or across] [or cleared] the ditch
    6. +akk (sich länger erstreckend: horizontal) beyond; (vertikal) above
    das Schloss ragte \über das Tal empor the castle towered above the valley
    bis \über die Knöchel im Dreck versinken to sink ankle-deep in mud
    7. +akk (erfassend) over
    der Scheinwerferstrahl strich \über die Mauer und den Gefängnishof the spotlight swept over [or across] the wall and the prison courtyard
    ein Blick \über etw a view of [or over] sth
    ein Überblick \über etw an overview of sth
    8. +akk (bedeckend) over
    sie breitete eine Tischdecke \über den Tisch she spread a tablecloth over the table
    9. +akk (berührend) over
    er strich ihr \über das Haar/die Wange he stroked her hair/cheek
    seid ihr auf eurer Tour auch \über München gekommen? did you go through Munich on your trip?
    Zug nach Berlin über Leipzig train to Berlin via [or stopping at] Leipzig
    11. +akk (überlegen, vorrangig) above
    er steht \über den Dingen he is above it all
    12. +akk (zeitlich länger) over
    es ist \über eine Woche her, dass... it's over a week since...
    bis \über Weihnachten until after Christmas
    13. +akk (während) over
    habt ihr \über das Wochenende schon was vor? have you got anything planned for [or over] the weekend?
    \über Wochen for weeks on end
    vergiss \über dem ganzen Ärger aber nicht, dass wir dich lieben don't forget in the midst of all this trouble that we love you
    irgendwie muss ich \über diesem Gedanken wohl eingeschlafen sein I must have somehow fallen asleep [whilst] thinking about it
    sie sitzt \über ihren Büchern she is sitting over her books
    15. +dat (mehr als) over
    Kinder \über sechs [Jahre] children over six years [or of six years and over]
    bei \über 40° C... at a temperature [or temperatures] of more than [or over] 40° C...
    ich gebe Ihnen einen Scheck \über Euro 5.000 I'm giving you a cheque for 5,000 euros
    17. +akk (betreffend) about
    ich darf Ihnen keine Auskunft \über diese Sache geben I can't give you any information about [or on] this affair
    ein Buch \über jdn/etw schreiben to write a book about [or on] sb/sth
    18. +akk (mithilfe von) through
    ich habe diese Stelle \über Beziehungen bekommen I got this position through being well connected
    19. + akk RADIO, TV (etw benutzend) on
    \über Satellit empfange ich 63 Programme I can receive 63 channels via [or on] satellite
    20.
    ... \über... nothing but...
    es waren Vögel \über Vögel, die über uns hinwegrauschten! [what seemed like] an endless stream of birds flew over us!
    Fehler \über Fehler nothing but mistakes, mistake after [or upon] mistake!
    Reden \über Reden speech after speech
    \über alles more than anything
    sein Hund geht ihm \über alles he loves his dog more than anything else
    II. adv
    1. (älter als) over
    Kinder, die \über sechs Jahre alt sind,... children over six
    2. (mehr als) more than
    3. (während) through
    das ganze Jahr/den ganzen Sommer \über all through the year/summer
    den ganzen Tag \über all day long
    4.
    \über und \über all over, completely
    ihr seid \über und \über mit Schlamm verschmiert! you're completely covered [or covered all over] in mud!
    \über und \über verdreckt sein to be absolutely filthy
    III. adj (fam)
    \über sein to be left; Essen to be left [over]
    etw [für jdn] \über haben to have sth left [for sb]; Essen to have sth left [over] [for sb]
    jdm [in etw dat] \über sein to be better than [or fam have the edge on] sb [in sth]
    jdm auf einem bestimmten Gebiet \über sein to be better than sb in a certain field
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort) over; above; (in einer Rangfolge) above

    über jemandem stehen(fig.) be above somebody

    2) (während) during

    über dem Lesen einschlafen — fall asleep over one's book/magazine etc.

    3) (infolge) because of; as a result of

    über der Aufregung vergaß ich, dass... — in all the excitement I forgot that...

    2.
    1) (Richtung) over; (quer hinüber) across

    über die Straße gehen — go across the road; cross the road

    er zog sich (Dat.) die Mütze über die Ohren — he pulled the cap down over his ears

    2) (während) over

    über Wochen/Monate — for weeks/months

    die Woche/den Sommer über — during the week/summer

    den ganzen Winter/Tag über — all winter/day long

    3) (betreffend) about

    über etwas reden/schreiben — talk/write about something

    4) (in Höhe von)

    ein Scheck/eine Rechnung über 1 000 Euro — a cheque/bill for 1,000 euros

    5) (von mehr als)

    Kinder über 10 Jahre — children over ten [years of age]

    6)
    7)
    8)
    9) (mittels, durch) through < person>; by <post, telex, etc.>; over <radio, loudspeaker>

    etwas über alle Sender bringen/ausstrahlen — broadcast something on all stations

    3.
    1) (mehr als) over
    2)
    4.
    Adjektiv; nicht attr. (ugs.)
    * * *
    über…, Über… im adj & subst etc meist over…, hyper…
    * * *
    1.
    1) (Lage, Standort) over; above; (in einer Rangfolge) above

    über jemandem stehen(fig.) be above somebody

    2) (während) during

    über dem Lesen einschlafen — fall asleep over one's book/magazine etc.

    3) (infolge) because of; as a result of

    über der Aufregung vergaß ich, dass... — in all the excitement I forgot that...

    2.
    1) (Richtung) over; (quer hinüber) across

    über die Straße gehen — go across the road; cross the road

    er zog sich (Dat.) die Mütze über die Ohren — he pulled the cap down over his ears

    2) (während) over

    über Wochen/Monate — for weeks/months

    die Woche/den Sommer über — during the week/summer

    den ganzen Winter/Tag über — all winter/day long

    3) (betreffend) about

    über etwas reden/schreiben — talk/write about something

    4) (in Höhe von)

    ein Scheck/eine Rechnung über 1 000 Euro — a cheque/bill for 1,000 euros

    5) (von mehr als)

    Kinder über 10 Jahre — children over ten [years of age]

    6)
    7)
    8)
    9) (mittels, durch) through < person>; by <post, telex, etc.>; over <radio, loudspeaker>

    etwas über alle Sender bringen/ausstrahlen — broadcast something on all stations

    3.
    1) (mehr als) over
    2)
    4.
    Adjektiv; nicht attr. (ugs.)
    * * *
    präp.
    about prep.
    above prep.
    across prep.
    at prep.
    beyond prep.
    by prep.
    of prep.
    on prep.
    over prep.
    via prep.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Über

  • 88 dotar

    v.
    1 to give a dowry to (dar una dote).
    2 to endow, to bestow, to grant, to confer.
    María dotó el honor Mary endowed the honor.
    María dotó el salón Mary endowed=equipped the salon.
    3 to dower.
    Los padres dotaron a María The parents dowered Mary.
    * * *
    1 (dar dote) to give a dowry
    2 (proveer de personal) to staff (de, with); (de material) to equip (de, with)
    3 (bienes, dinero) to assign
    4 figurado (dones y cualidades) to endow (de, with), provide (de, with)
    * * *
    verb
    2) provide, equip
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=equipar)

    dotar (a) algo de o con algo — to provide sth with sth

    han dotado el laboratorio con los mejores instrumentos — the laboratory has been provided with the best equipment, the laboratory has been equipped with the best instruments

    2)

    dotar a algn de algo: dotó a su hija con un millón de rupias — he provided his daughter with a million rupees as a dowry

    la naturaleza lo dotó de buenas cualidadeshe was endowed o blessed by nature with good qualities

    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) <institución/organismo>

    dotar (a) algo de or con algo — to equip/provide something with something

    dotaron el premio con cinco millones de pesetas — (frml) they set the prize money at five million pesetas

    b) naturaleza/Dios

    dotar a alguien de or con algo — to endow o bless somebody with something

    c) < mujer>
    * * *
    = equip, furnish (with), resource, fit out.
    Ex. We do not pretend to have equipped you with an instant expertise in the subject analysis and classification of documents.
    Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex. Britain's maritime defences are not properly resourced or co-ordinated to deal with the threat of terrorist attack, MPs has warned.
    Ex. To get full use out of them, however, you have to fit them out with accessories.
    ----
    * dotar con un don = endow with + gift.
    * dotar de = equip with, provide with, endow (with), supply with, arm with, gift + Nombre + with.
    * dotar de/con = kit out with.
    * dotar de fondos a una biblioteca = stock + library.
    * dotar de medios = resource.
    * dotar de plantilla = staff.
    * dotar de recursos = resource.
    * dotar de una perspectiva histórica = historicise [historicize, -USA].
    * volver a dotar = re-equip [reequip].
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) <institución/organismo>

    dotar (a) algo de or con algo — to equip/provide something with something

    dotaron el premio con cinco millones de pesetas — (frml) they set the prize money at five million pesetas

    b) naturaleza/Dios

    dotar a alguien de or con algo — to endow o bless somebody with something

    c) < mujer>
    * * *
    = equip, furnish (with), resource, fit out.

    Ex: We do not pretend to have equipped you with an instant expertise in the subject analysis and classification of documents.

    Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex: Britain's maritime defences are not properly resourced or co-ordinated to deal with the threat of terrorist attack, MPs has warned.
    Ex: To get full use out of them, however, you have to fit them out with accessories.
    * dotar con un don = endow with + gift.
    * dotar de = equip with, provide with, endow (with), supply with, arm with, gift + Nombre + with.
    * dotar de/con = kit out with.
    * dotar de fondos a una biblioteca = stock + library.
    * dotar de medios = resource.
    * dotar de plantilla = staff.
    * dotar de recursos = resource.
    * dotar de una perspectiva histórica = historicise [historicize, -USA].
    * volver a dotar = re-equip [reequip].

    * * *
    dotar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ( frml) ‹institución/organismo› dotar ( A) algo DE or CON algo to equip/provide sth WITH sth
    el departamento debe ser dotado de fondos suficientes the department must be provided with sufficient funds
    han dotado el hospital con los medios técnicos más modernos the hospital has been equipped with the latest technology
    la comisión ha sido dotada de plenos poderes the commission has been invested with o given full powers
    2 ( frml) ‹premio›
    dotaron el premio con dos millones de euros they set the prize money at two million euros
    3 «naturaleza/Dios» ‹persona› dotar a algn DE or CON algo; to endow o bless sb WITH sth
    la naturaleza lo ha dotado de una hermosa voz Nature has endowed o blessed him with a beautiful voice
    4 ‹mujer› dotar a algn CON algo to give sb a dowry of sth
    * * *

     

    dotar ( conjugate dotar) verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) ‹institución/organismo› dotar (a) algo de or con algo ‹ de fondos› to provide sth with sth;

    de técnica/maquinaria› to equip sth with sth;
    de poderes› to invest sth with sth
    b) [naturaleza/Dios] dotar a algn de or con algo to endow o bless sb with sth

    dotar verbo transitivo
    1 (conceder) dotar de, to provide with
    2 (un premio, etc) to assign
    3 (a una mujer) to give a dowry
    ' dotar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    guarnecer
    English:
    endow
    * * *
    dotar vt
    1. [proveer] [con medios, dinero] to provide;
    dotar (a) algo de o [m5] con to provide sth with;
    actos benéficos para dotar de fondos (a) una organización humanitaria charity events to raise funds for a humanitarian organization;
    dotaron (a) todas las sucursales con sistemas de alarma they equipped all the branches with alarm systems
    2. [con tripulación] to man, to crew;
    [con personal] to staff;
    dotar algo de [barco, avión] to man o crew sth with;
    [hotel, tienda] to staff sth with;
    deben dotar los vuelos internacionales de más personal they should provide a larger crew for international flights
    3. [asignar dinero a]
    han dotado el cargo con 40.000 euros they've fixed the salary for the post at 40,000 euros;
    la beca está dotada con $15.000 the scholarship is worth $15,000;
    el premio fue dotado con 100.000 pesos the prize was set at 100,000 pesos
    4. [conferir]
    dotar a algo/alguien de to endow sth/sb with;
    la naturaleza lo dotó de una gran inteligencia nature endowed him with great intelligence
    5. [dar una dote a] to provide with a dowry;
    su padre la dotó con una gran mansión her father gave a large mansion for o as her dowry
    * * *
    v/t
    :
    dotar de equip with; fondos provide with; cualidades endow with;
    la organización fue dotada con el premio a … the organization was awarded the prize for …
    * * *
    dotar vt
    1) : to provide, to equip
    2) : to endow

    Spanish-English dictionary > dotar

  • 89 fino

    adj.
    1 fine, good-grade, delicate, fancy.
    2 thin.
    3 fine, deluxe, delicate.
    4 fine, smooth, finely textured.
    5 courteous, genteel, ladylike, suave.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: finir.
    * * *
    1 (delicado) fine, delicate
    2 (alimentos) choice, select
    3 (sentidos) sharp, acute
    4 (delgado) thin
    5 (educado) refined, polite
    6 (sutil) subtle
    1 (vino) dry sherry
    \
    estar fino,-a familiar to be witty
    ir fino,-a familiar to have had a few
    oro fino pure gold
    ————————
    1 (vino) dry sherry
    * * *
    (f. - fina)
    adj.
    1) fine
    3) slender, slim, thin
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=no grueso) [arena, punta, pelo] fine; [papel, capa] thin; [dedos, cuello] slender; [cutis, piel] smooth
    2) (=de buena calidad) [cristal, porcelana, papel] fine; [tabaco] select
    lencería
    3) (=cortés) polite, well-bred; (=refinado) refined
    4) (=agudo) [vista] sharp; [oído] acute

    su fina inteligencia analíticaher fine o acute analytical intelligence

    5) (=sutil) subtle, fine
    6) [jerez] fino, dry
    2.
    SM (=jerez) dry sherry, fino sherry
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    1) ( en grosor)
    a) <papel/capa> fine, thin; < loncha> thin
    b) <arena/cabellos/lluvia> fine; < labios> thin; <cintura/dedos/persona> slender
    c) < punta> fine
    2) ( en calidad) <pastelería/bollería> high quality; < porcelana> fine; < lencería> sheer
    3) ( en modales) refined
    4)
    a) <oído/olfato> acute
    b) <ironía/humor> subtle
    II
    masculino fino, dry sherry
    * * *
    = fine [finer -comp., finest -sup.], thin [thinner -comp., thinnest -sup.], pencil-thin, chic, voguish.
    Ex. A longer abstract can help in the finer points of selection, but will take longer to write and also longer to scan.
    Ex. Wronski remained silent for a moment, looking at the thin gray threads of smoke that were rising from his cigarette.
    Ex. He is a small, slender man, with a pencil-thin moustache and whitening, scanty hair.
    Ex. From the chic Princes Square and the monumental St Enoch Centre to the magnificent Buchanan Galleries, shopping is an essential part of the Glasgow experience.
    Ex. Wearing a wedding gown from a charity shop is very voguish right now.
    ----
    * de textura fina = fine grain, fine-grained.
    * hilar demasiado fino = split + hairs.
    * sal fina = table salt.
    * una capa fina de = a skim of.
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    1) ( en grosor)
    a) <papel/capa> fine, thin; < loncha> thin
    b) <arena/cabellos/lluvia> fine; < labios> thin; <cintura/dedos/persona> slender
    c) < punta> fine
    2) ( en calidad) <pastelería/bollería> high quality; < porcelana> fine; < lencería> sheer
    3) ( en modales) refined
    4)
    a) <oído/olfato> acute
    b) <ironía/humor> subtle
    II
    masculino fino, dry sherry
    * * *
    = fine [finer -comp., finest -sup.], thin [thinner -comp., thinnest -sup.], pencil-thin, chic, voguish.

    Ex: A longer abstract can help in the finer points of selection, but will take longer to write and also longer to scan.

    Ex: Wronski remained silent for a moment, looking at the thin gray threads of smoke that were rising from his cigarette.
    Ex: He is a small, slender man, with a pencil-thin moustache and whitening, scanty hair.
    Ex: From the chic Princes Square and the monumental St Enoch Centre to the magnificent Buchanan Galleries, shopping is an essential part of the Glasgow experience.
    Ex: Wearing a wedding gown from a charity shop is very voguish right now.
    * de textura fina = fine grain, fine-grained.
    * hilar demasiado fino = split + hairs.
    * sal fina = table salt.
    * una capa fina de = a skim of.

    * * *
    fino1 -na
    1 ‹papel/tela/capa› fine, thin; ‹loncha› thin
    2 ‹arena/cabellos/hilo› fine; ‹labios› thin; ‹cintura/dedos› slender
    un bolígrafo de punta fina a fine-tipped ballpoint
    caía una lluvia fina a fine rain was falling
    B (en calidad) ‹pastelería/bollería› high quality; ‹porcelana› fine; ‹lencería› sheer
    tortilla a las finas hierbas omelette aux fines herbes
    C (en los modales) refined, genteel
    D
    1 ‹oído/olfato› acute
    2 (sutil) subtle
    una fina ironía a subtle irony
    un fino sentido del humor a subtle sense of humor
    fino, dry sherry
    * * *

     

    Del verbo finar: ( conjugate finar)

    fino es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    finó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    fino 1
    ◊ -na adjetivo

    1 ( en grosor) ‹papel/capa/hilo fine, thin;
    loncha thin;
    arena/pelo/lluvia fine;
    labios thin;
    cintura/dedos slender;
    punta/lápiz fine
    2 ( en calidad) ‹pastelería/bollería high quality;
    porcelana fine;
    lencería sheer
    3 ( en modales) refined
    4
    a)oído/olfato acute

    b)ironía/humor subtle

    fino 2 sustantivo masculino
    fino, dry sherry
    fino,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (delgado, poco espeso) fine, thin: estaba sujeto con un fino alambre, it was held together with a thin wire
    2 (con modales, con gusto) refined, polite
    3 (suave, terso) delicate: compré una tela muy fina, I bought a soft fabric
    4 (vista, oído) sharp, acute
    (olfato) keen
    5 (sutil, inteligente, agudo) subtle: tiene un fino sentido del humor, he's got a very subtle sense of humour
    6 (trabajo laborioso, de calidad) fine
    II m (vino andaluz) type of dry sherry
    ' fino' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    fina
    - hilar
    - loza
    - cordel
    - cristal
    - delicado
    English:
    delicate
    - fine
    - garlic
    - genteel
    - hairline
    - polished
    - sharp
    - sheer
    - subtle
    - thin
    - urbane
    - acute
    - caster
    - discerning
    - finely
    - keen
    - lady
    - refined
    - slender
    - slim
    - supple
    * * *
    fino, -a
    adj
    1. [de calidad] [tela, alimentos] fine, high-quality
    2. [delgado] [capa, filete] thin;
    [lluvia] fine
    3. [cintura, cuerpo] slim
    4. [delicado] [manos] delicate;
    [piel] smooth; [pelo] fine;
    es de facciones finas she has fine features
    5. [cortés] refined;
    es una persona de finos modales she has impeccable o exquisite manners
    6. [oído, olfato] sharp, keen;
    [gusto] refined
    7. [humor, ironía] refined
    nm
    dry sherry
    * * *
    I adj
    1 calidad fine
    2 libro, tela thin; ( esbelto) slim
    3 modales, gusto refined
    4 sentido de humor subtle
    II m dry sherry, fino
    * * *
    fino, -na adj
    1) : fine, excellent
    2) : delicate, slender
    3) refinado: refined
    4) : sharp, acute
    olfato fino: keen sense of smell
    5) : subtle
    * * *
    fino1 adj
    1. (en general) fine
    2. (papel, rebanada, capa) thin
    3. (dedos, talle) slender
    fino2 adv thin

    Spanish-English dictionary > fino

  • 90 subtil

    subtil, e [syptil]
    adjective
    * * *
    subtile syptil adjectif [personne, argument, nuance, parfum] subtle; [négociateur, manœuvre] skilful [BrE]
    * * *
    syptil adj subtil, -e
    * * *
    subtil, subtile adj [personne, intelligence, argument, nuance, parfum] subtle; [négociateur, manœuvre] skilfulGB.
    ( féminin subtile) [syptil] adjectif
    1. [argument, esprit, raisonnement, personne] subtle, discerning
    2. [allusion, différence] subtle
    [nuance, distinction] subtle, fine, nice
    3. [arôme, goût, parfum] subtle, delicate
    4. [alambiqué] subtle, over-fine

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > subtil

  • 91 quī

        quī quae, quod, gen. cuius (old, quoius), dat. cui (old, quoi), abl. quō, quā (with cum, m. quīcum or quōcum, rarely cum quō; f quācum, rarely quīcum), plur. quibus or quīs (with cum, usu. quibuscum), pron.    [2 CA-].    I. Interrog, who? which? what? what kind of a? (mostly adj.; as subst., qui asks the nature or character, quis the name): Ubi alii? Sa. qui malum alii? T.: Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chaerea? T.: qui locus est: qui tantus fuit labor?: rogitat, qui vir esset, L.: scire, qui sit rei p. status, what is the state of the country: quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori canere, V.: incerti quae pars sequenda esset, which side to take, L.—As subst: nescimus qui sis: nec qui poterentur, satis discerni poterat, L.: qui ille concessus! what an assembly!    II. Relat. (with a subst. or pron. as antecedent), who, which: habebat ducem, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset: ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit: haec, quae audistis: quod ego fui, id tu hodie es, L.: coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent, L.—The subst. is often attracted to the relat. clause, esp. when a pron dem. follows: quae res neque consilium... Habet, eam regere non potes, T.: ad quas res aptissimi erimus, in iis potissimum elaborabimus: quae augustissima vestis est, eā vestiti, L.: alii, quorum comoedia prisca virorum est, H.: si id te mordet, sumptum filii Quem faciunt, T.: Urbem quam statuo, vestra est, V.—The antecedent is sometimes repeated with the relat.: erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc., Cs.: si quod tempus accidisset, quo tempore requirerent, etc.—The antecedent is often omitted: quicum res tibist, peregrinus est, T.: fecit quod Siculi non audebant: o beati, Quīs ante ora patrum... Contigit, etc., V.—An antecedent in apposition is regularly attracted to the relat. clause: Tolosatium fines, quae civitas est in provincia, Cs.: Amanus, qui mons erat hostium plenus.—So in relat. clauses giving a personal characteristic as a reason: copiam verborum, quae vestra prudentia est, perspexistis, with your usual intelligence: utrum admonitus, an, quā est ipse sagacitate, sine duce ullo, i. e. by his own peculiar instinct.—A verb of which the relat. is subject takes the person of the antecedent: ego enim is sum, qui nihil fecerim: neque enim tu is es qui, qui sis, nescias: vidistis in vincula duci eum, qui a vobis vincula depuleram, L.: Themistocles veni ad te, qui intuli, etc., N.—With ellips. of verb: et, quem ei visum esset (sc. facere), fecisset heredem: ad haec, quae visum est, Caesar respondit, Cs.: hostiaeque maiores, quibus editum est diis, caesae, L.—In comparative clauses with sup: sit pro praetore eo iure quo qui optimo (i. e. quo is est, qui optimo iure est): legioni ita darent, ut quibus militibus amplissime dati essent: provincia, ut quae maxime omnium, belli avida, L.—By attraction, in the case of the antecedent (Greek constr.): nos tamen hoc confirmamus illo augurio, quo diximus: sexcentae eius generis, cuius supra demonstravimus, naves, Cs.: notante Iudice quo nosti populo, H.: natus est patre, quo diximus, N.: cum quibus ante dictum est copiis, L.—In the gender and number of a subst predic.: Belgae, quam tertiam esse Galliae partem dixeramus, Cs.: carcer ille, quae lautumiae vocantur: leges, quae fons est iuris, L.—In the gender and number of an antecedent not expressed: vicinitas, Quod ego in propinquā parte amicitiae puto, T.: laudare fortunas meas, Qui gnatum haberem, T.: quod monstrum vidimus, qui cum reo transigat?: servitia repudiabat, cuius magnae copiae, etc., S.—One relat. in place of two in different cases: quem neque pudet Quicquam, nec metuit quemquam (i. e. et qui non), T.: omnia quae amisi aut advorsa facta sunt, S.: qui iam fatetur... et non timeo (sc. quem): tyrannus, quem pertulit civitas paretque mortuo.—Implying a restriction, who indeed, as far as, all that: omnium eloquentissimi, quos ego audierim: antiquissimi sunt, quorum quidem scripta constent: Catonem vero quis nostrorum oratorum, qui quidem nunc sunt, legit?— Sing n., what, as far as, as much as, to the extent that: quod potero, adiutabo, T.: cura, quod potes, ut valeas: quod ad me attinet, as far as depends on me: quod ad Pomponiam, scribas velim, etc. (sc. attinet), as respects Pomponia.—Implying a purpose: equitatum praemisit, qui viderent, to see, Cs.: qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur, in order to bestow it: sibi urbem delegerat, quam haberet adiutricem: milites conduci, qui in Hispaniam traicerentur, L.—Implying a reason: Miseret tui me, qui hominem facias inimicum tibi, I am sorry for you, that you incur, etc., T.: Tarquinio quid impudentius, qui bellum gereret, etc.: at Cotta, qui cogitasset haec posse accidere... nullā in re deerat, Cs.: barbari dissipati, quibus nec certa imperia... essent, vertunt, etc., L.: Heu me miserum, qui spectavi, etc., T.—Implying a concession: rogitas? qui tam audacis facinoris mihi conscius sis? although you are, T.: hi exercitu luxuriem obiciebant, cui omnia defuissent, Cs.: quis est, qui Fabricii, Curii non memoriam usurpet, quos numquam viderit?: Rogitas? qui adduxti, etc., T.— Implying a result (qui consecutive): sapientia est una, quae maestitiam pellat ex animis, alone has power to drive: secutae sunt tempestates, quae nostros in castris continerent, Cs.: leniore sono uti, et qui illum impetum oratoris non habeat: haud parva res, sed quae patriciis potestatem auferret, L.—Esp., after a demonstr. pron., adj. or adv.: non sum ego is consul, qui arbitrer, etc., such a consul, as to suppose: neque tu is es, qui nescias, etc., no such man, as to be ignorant, etc.: nomen legati eius modi esse debet, quod inter hostium tela incolume versetur.—With quam, after a comp: non longius hostes aberant, quam quo telum adici posset (i. e. quam ut eo), Cs.: maiores arbores caedebant, quam quas ferre miles posset, L.—After an adj. of fitness: (Rufum) idoneum iudicaverat, quem mitteret, a fit person to send, Cs.: nulla videbatur aptior persona, quae loqueretur.—After a verb with indef subj. or obj. (described by the relat. clause): sunt qui mirentur, there are some, who, etc.: erunt qui audaciam eius reprehendant: si quis est, qui putet: ut invenirentur qui proficiscerentur: qui se ultro mo<*>ti offerant, facilius reperiuntur, quam qui dolorem patienter ferant, Cs.: haec habui, de amicitiā quae dicerem, had this to say: te unum habeo, quem dignum regno iudicem, L.: Nemost, quem ego magis cuperem videre, T.: nullum est animal, quod habeat, etc.—Where the relat. clause is conceived as a particular fact, it may take the indic: sunt bestiae quaedam, in quibus inest, etc. (i. e. in quibusdam bestiis inest, etc.): sunt, qui eorum sectam sequuntur, i. e. they have followers: Sunt quos... iuvat, H.: Sunt, qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere, some (in gen.)... one (in particular), H.—In place of a pron demonstr. and conj: res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum, and it, etc.: ratio docet esse deos; quo concesso, confitendum est, etc., and if this is granted: centuriones hostīs vocare coeperunt; quorum progredi ausus est nemo, but no one of them, Cs.: perutiles libri sunt; quos legite, quaeso, therefore read them.    III. Indef, whoever, any one who, all that, anything that: qui est homo tolerabilis, Scortari nolunt, T.: quae res... post eum quae essent, tuta reddebat, all that was in his rear, Cs.: facilius quod stulte dixeris reprehendere... possunt: virgis caesi, qui ad nomina non respondissent, L.— Any one, any ; with si, num, ne ; see 2 quis.
    * * *
    I
    how?; how so; in what way; by what/which means; whereby; at whatever price
    II
    qua (quae), quod (qua/-quae P N) PRON ADJECT
    any; anyone/anything, any such; unspecified some; (after si/sin/sive/ne)
    III
    quae, quod (quae P N) PRON REL
    who; that; which, what; of which kind/drgree; person/thing/time/point that
    IV
    quae, quod (quae P N) PRON INTERR
    who/what/which?, what/which one/man/person/thing? what kind/type of?

    Latin-English dictionary > quī

  • 92 dare

    1. v/t give
    dare qualcosa a qualcuno give someone something, give something to someone
    dare uno sguardo a qualcosa have a look at something
    dammi del tu call me 'tu'
    mi dia del lei address me as 'lei'
    dare peso a qualcosa give weight to something
    sports dare il via give the off
    fig dare il via a qualcosa get something under way
    2. v/i di finestra overlook (su something)
    di porta lead into (su something)
    fig dare nell'occhio attract attention, be noticed
    3. m finance debit
    dare e avere debit and credit
    * * *
    dare s.m. (econ.) debt, amount due; (amm.) debit, debit side: dare e avere, debit and credit; colonna del dare, debit column; in dare, on the debit side; portare una somma al dare di un conto, to carry an amount to the debit side of an account.
    dare v.tr.
    1 to give*: dagli un po' di pane, give him some bread; gliel'ho dato per il suo compleanno, I gave it to him for his birthday; gli hai dato la medicina?, did you give him his medicine?; gli diedero il primo premio, they gave him the first prize; dammi qualcosa da bere, give me something to drink; dare la propria vita per qlcu., to give (o sacrifice) one's life for s.o. // non so che cosa darei per saperlo!, what wouldn't I give to know! // dar via, to give away: l'ho dato via per pochi soldi, I gave it away for a song // dar fuori, to give out: dar fuori del lavoro, to give (o put) out work
    2 ( pagare) to give*; to pay*: gli danno 1500 euro al mese, they pay him 1,500 euros a month; quanto ti hanno dato per quel lavoro?, how much did they give you for the job?; non gli darei due lire, I wouldn't give a penny for it
    3 ( porgere) to pass: puoi darmi il sale?, can you pass me the salt, please? // in Italia si usa dare la mano per salutare, Italians shake hands when they meet
    4 ( assegnare) to give*: ti hanno dato tanti compiti?, did they give you a lot of homework?; mi hanno dato tre versioni di latino e una di greco, they gave me three Latin translations and one Greek translation; mi hanno dato l'incarico di telefonare a tutti, they gave me the job of phoning everyone
    5 ( concedere) to grant, to give*: gli fu dato il permesso di uscire, he was granted (o given) permission to go out
    6 ( rappresentare) to put* on: all'Odeon danno l'Amleto, they are putting on (o giving) Hamlet at the Odeon; daranno tre atti unici di Pirandello la prossima stagione, they are putting on (o doing) three one-act plays by Pirandello next season
    7 ( infliggere) to give*: mi ha dato un pugno, he gave me a punch; gli hanno dato vent'anni, they gave him twenty years // suo padre gliele ha date di santa ragione, his father gave him a good thrashing; i complici gliene hanno date un sacco, his accomplices beat him up
    8 ( produrre) to yield; to produce; (comm.) to bear*, to yield, to bring* in: questa vigna dà poca uva, this vineyard produces very few grapes; qui la terra dà raccolti magri, here the land yields poor crops; il suo lavoro non gli dà di che vivere, his work doesn't bring him in enough to live on; quest'investimento dà il 12% all'anno, this investment bears (o yields) 12% a year
    9 ( augurare) to wish, to say*: dare il buongiorno, la buonanotte a qlcu., to wish s.o. good morning, good night (o to say good morning, good night to s.o.); dare il benvenuto a qlcu., to welcome s.o.
    10 ( attribuire): non gli darei più di vent'anni, I wouldn't take him for more than twenty (o I wouldn't put him down for more than twenty); non gli si dà la sua età, he doesn't look his age
    11 ( denominare, qualificare) to call: mi ha dato del pigro, he called me lazy; dare del cretino a qlcu., to call s.o. an idiot // dare del 'tu' a qlcu., to be on first-name terms with s.o.
    12 Spesso assume significati particolari determinati dal complemento che segue: dare in affitto, ( affittare) to let; dare in prestito, ( imprestare) to lend; dare una spinta a qlcu., ( spingere) to push s.o.; dare dei consigli, ( consigliare) to give advice; dare la disdetta, ( disdire) to give notice; dare la colpa, ( incolpare) to blame ∙ Per altre locuzioni del genere cfr. sotto i rispettivi sostantivi
    v. intr.
    1 ( colpire) to hit* // dare nel segno, to hit the bull's-eye, (fig.) to hit the nail on the head
    2 ( urtare) to bump; ( inciampare) to stumble: diede con la testa in una trave, he bumped his head on a beam; dare in un sasso, to stumble against a stone
    3 ( di casa, porta ecc.) to look on to (sthg.), to open on (sthg.); to lead* into (sthg.): la porta dava sul cortile, the door led into the courtyard; le vostre finestre danno sulla piazza, your windows look on to (o open on o overlook) the square.
    darsi v.rifl. ( dedicarsi) to devote oneself: dare al commercio, to go into business; dare allo studio, to devote oneself to study // dare al bere, to take to drink; dare al gioco, to take to gambling
    v.rifl.rec. to give* each other: dare delle botte, to hit each other
    v.intr.pron. ( accadere) to happen: si dà il caso che io sia d'accordo, I happen to agree // può dare, maybe (o perhaps o probably): può dare che egli arrivi prima di me, he may arrive before me.
    ◆ FRASEOLOGIA: dare ammalato, to report sick // dare da fare, to make an effort; ( affaccendarsi) to bustle about: devi darti da fare se vuoi quel posto, you've got to do something if you want that job; valeva la pena di dare tanto da fare?, was it worth all the effort? // dare per vinto, to give in (o to give up o to throw in the sponge) // dare prigioniero, to give oneself up (o to surrender) // non dare per inteso di qlco., to turn a deaf ear to sthg. (o not to take any notice of sthg.).
    * * *
    1. ['dare]
    vb irreg vt
    1) (gen) to give, (premio, borsa di studio) to give, award

    dare qc a qn — to give sb sth, give sth to sb

    dare da mangiare/bere a qn — to give sb sth to eat/drink

    dare uno schiaffo/un calcio a qn — to give sb a slap/kick, slap/kick sb

    gli hanno dato 5 anni (di prigione) they gave him 5 years

    dare tutto se stesso a qn/qc — to give one's all to sb/sth

    2) (organizzare: festa, banchetto) to hold, give, (spettacolo) to perform, put on, (film) to show
    3) (produrre: frutti, soldi) to yield, produce, (calore) to give off, (suono) to make

    gli investimenti hanno dato il 10% di interesse — the investments yielded 10% interest

    4)

    dare qc/qn per perso — to give sth/sb up for lost

    dare ad intendere a qn che... — to lead sb to believe that...

    ciò mi dà da pensare (insospettire) that gives me food for thought, (preoccupare) that worries me

    2. vi (aus avere)
    1)

    (finestra, casa: guardare) dare su — to overlook, give onto, look (out) onto

    2)

    (colore: tendere) dare su — to tend towards

    3. vr (darsi)

    darsi a(musica, politica) to devote o.s. to

    darsi al bere/al gioco — to take to drink/to gambling

    coraggio, diamoci da fare! — come on, let's get on with it!

    4. vip (darsi)
    1)

    può darsi — maybe, perhaps

    può darsi che venga — he may come, perhaps he will come

    si dà il caso che... — it so happens that...

    2)
    5. sm
    PAROLA CHIAVE: dare non si traduce mai con la parola inglese dare
    * * *
    I 1. ['dare]
    verbo transitivo
    1) (consegnare) to give*

    dare qcs. a qcn. — to give sth. to sb., to give sb. sth.

    darei qualsiasi cosa per, per fare — I'd give anything for, to do

    2) (impartire) to issue, to lay* down [ ordini]; to give*, to issue [ istruzioni]; to give* [ lezioni]
    5) (assegnare) to give*, to present [ premio]; to set* [ compiti]
    6) (causare) to give* [piacere, soddisfazione]
    7) (infondere) to give* [ coraggio]

    dare il braccio a qcn. — to give sb. one's arm

    dare la mano a qcn. — to shake hands with sb., to shake sb.'s hand

    dare a qcn. il permesso di fare — to give permission for sb. to do, to give sb. permission to do

    10) (al cinema) to show* [ film]; (a teatro) to put* on [ rappresentazione]

    a che ora danno la partita? (in TV) what time is the match on?

    11) (organizzare) to give* [ cena]; to give*, to have* [ festa]

    dare il benvenuto a qcn. — to welcome sb., to bid sb. welcome

    dare il buongiorno a qcn. — to bid sb. good morning

    14) (produrre) [pianta, terreno] to bear*, to yield [ frutti]; econ. to bear*, to yield, to return [ profitto]

    dare dello stupido, del bugiardo a qcn. — to call sb. stupid, a liar

    dare da bere a qcn. — to give sb. a drink

    dare da mangiare a qcn. — to feed sb

    17) darle

    darle di santa ragione a qcn. — to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing

    2.
    verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

    dare su — [camera, finestra] to overlook, to look onto, to face [mare, strada]

    3.
    verbo pronominale darsi
    1) (dedicarsi) to devote oneself, to give* oneself

    - rsi al bere (abbandonarsi) to take to drink

    ••

    dare addosso a qcn. — to go on o get at sb., to come down on sb.

    darsela a gambe — to cut and run, to take to one's heels

    può -rsi — maybe, perhaps

    - rsi da fare (sbrigarsi) to get a move on, to get cracking; (adoperarsi) to try hard, to get busy colloq.

    II ['dare]
    sostantivo maschile debit
    * * *
    dare1
    /'dare/ [7]
     1 (consegnare) to give*; dare qcs. a qcn. to give sth. to sb., to give sb. sth.; darei qualsiasi cosa per, per fare I'd give anything for, to do
     2 (impartire) to issue, to lay* down [ ordini]; to give*, to issue [ istruzioni]; to give* [ lezioni]
     4 (attribuire) quanti anni mi dai? how old do you think I am? le danno 40 anni she passes for 40
     5 (assegnare) to give*, to present [ premio]; to set* [ compiti]
     6 (causare) to give* [piacere, soddisfazione]
     7 (infondere) to give* [ coraggio]
     8 (porgere) dare il braccio a qcn. to give sb. one's arm; dare la mano a qcn. to shake hands with sb., to shake sb.'s hand
     9 (concedere) to grant [ autorizzazione]; dare a qcn. il permesso di fare to give permission for sb. to do, to give sb. permission to do
     10 (al cinema) to show* [ film]; (a teatro) to put* on [ rappresentazione]; lo danno al Rex it's on at the Rex; a che ora danno la partita? (in TV) what time is the match on?
     11 (organizzare) to give* [ cena]; to give*, to have* [ festa]
     12 (augurare) dare il benvenuto a qcn. to welcome sb., to bid sb. welcome; dare il buongiorno a qcn. to bid sb. good morning
     14 (produrre) [pianta, terreno] to bear*, to yield [ frutti]; econ. to bear*, to yield, to return [ profitto]
     15 (rivolgersi) dare dello stupido, del bugiardo a qcn. to call sb. stupid, a liar
     16 dare da dare da bere a qcn. to give sb. a drink; dare da mangiare a qcn. to feed sb.
     17 darle darle di santa ragione a qcn. to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing
     (aus. avere)
     1 (affacciarsi) dare su [camera, finestra] to overlook, to look onto, to face [mare, strada]
     2 (tendere) dare sul verde to be greenish
     1 (dedicarsi) to devote oneself, to give* oneself; - rsi alla politica to go in for politics; - rsi al bere (abbandonarsi) to take to drink
     2 (concedersi) - rsi a un uomo to give oneself to a man
     3 (scambiarsi) - rsi dei baci to kiss (one another); - rsi dei colpi to exchange blows
    dare addosso a qcn. to go on o get at sb., to come down on sb.; darci dentro to put one's back into it; darsela a gambe to cut and run, to take to one's heels; può -rsi maybe, perhaps; - rsi da fare (sbrigarsi) to get a move on, to get cracking; (adoperarsi) to try hard, to get busy colloq.; - rsi malato to report sick; - rsi per vinto to give up.
    ————————
    dare2
    /'dare/
    sostantivo m.
    debit; il dare e l'avere debit and credit.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dare

  • 93 искусственный

    1) ( не природный) artificial; man-made

    иску́сственный бриллиа́нт — imitation / paste diamond

    иску́сственный интелле́кт — artificial intelligence

    иску́сственный каучу́к — synthetic rubber

    иску́сственный кла́пан се́рдца — artificial cardiac valve

    иску́сственный спу́тник Земли́ — artificial / man-made Earth satellite

    иску́сственный шёлк — artificial silk, rayon

    иску́сственное вска́рмливание — artificial / bottle feeding

    иску́сственное ороше́ние — artificial irrigation

    иску́сственное освеще́ние — artificial lighting

    иску́сственные зу́бы — false teeth

    иску́сственные цветы́ — artificial flowers

    2) (притворный, неискренний) artificial, affected

    иску́сственная улы́бка — artificial / feigned smile

    ••

    иску́сственная по́чка — kidney machine

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > искусственный

  • 94 Language

       Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)
       It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)
       It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)
       Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)
       It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)
       [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]
       Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it
       Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another
       LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)
       We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)
       We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.
       The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)
       9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language
       The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)
       It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)
       In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)
       In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)
       [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)
       he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.
       The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)
       The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.
       But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)
       The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)
        t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)
       A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)
       Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)
       It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)
       First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....
       Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)
       If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)
        23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction
       Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)
       By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)
       Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language

  • 95 куратор

    2) Colloquial: gate-keeper, gateman
    3) Construction: superintending officer
    4) British English: supervisor (лицо, осуществляющее надзор за соблюдением плана у регулирования долгов при добровольной ликвидации компании)
    5) Law: adviser
    6) Economy: resource man
    8) Intelligence service: spymaster (разведгруппы, шпионской ячейки, шпионской сети)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > куратор

  • 96 очень неглупый человек

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > очень неглупый человек

  • 97 Г-218

    СВЕТЛАЯ ГОЛОВА NP
    1. occas. iron ( fixed WO
    an intelligent, lucid, logical person
    a brilliant (sharp, fine) mind
    (in limited contexts) have a brilliant (sharp, fine, very good) mind.
    ...Оба они (Маша и Митя)... были направлены... на один и тот же завод, но в разные бригады... Развёрнутое красное знамя часто делилось между этими бригадами, пока чья-то светлая голова не додумалась до такой умной идеи (устроить комсомольскую свадьбу двух передовых бригадиров) (Попов 1). They both (Masha and Mitya)... were sent to the same factory but to different work brigades....The unfurled red banner passed back and forth, again and again, between these two work brigades until some brilliant mind came up with an extremely clever idea (to arrange a Young Communist wedding of the two exemplary team leaders) (1a).
    Безусловно, дедушка Рахленко — мудрейший человек, светлая голова... (Рыбаков 1). Without doubt, grandfather Rakhlenko was a very wise man, he had a very good mind... (1a).
    2. \Г-218 у кого, обладать светлой головой и т. п. ( usu.
    VP subj. with бытье or obj) s.o. has plenty of intelligence, the ability to think logically: у X-a светлая голова - X has a brilliant (sharp, fine, very good) mind.
    «Какой светлой головой надо обладать, - продолжал Тен-гиз, -...чтобы в наше нелёгкое время прожить, нигде не работая на себя, а целиком отдавая свою жизнь за наши с вами интересы» (Искандер 3). "What a fine mind he (Uncle Sandro) must have," Tengiz continued, "in order to get by in our difficult times without working for a living, devoting his life wholly to your interests and mine" (3a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-218

  • 98 Д-98

    ДРУГОЕ (ИНОЕ) ДЕЛО NP these forms only)
    1. ( subj-compl with бытье ( subj: usu. это or a clause)
    often preceded by тогда, теперь) that changes (or would change) the situation: that's another (a different) story (altogether) that's (quite) another (a different) matter (now) itis (very (totally)) different things are (will be) different that's different (something else altogether)
    (in fut and condit clauses) things (everything) will (would) be different.... Как можно управлять таким способом неодушевлённым предметом? Если внутри предмета человек находится, тогда другое дело: он исполняет указания - делай так, делай этак (Айтматов 2). How on earth could you control a soulless object in that way? If there was a man inside that object, then that was another story-he would carry out the orders, do this, do that, as he was told (2a).
    «Ну, прикажут тебя тронуть - другое дело, я присягу давал или не давал?» (Владимов 1). "Of course, if I'm ordered to lay hands on you, that's another matter. I took the oath of allegiance when I joined the army, didn't I?" (1a).
    .Она едет в Крым ради него, он просил ее, она согласилась поехать, но ни на что другое согласия не давала... Другое дело, если бы она влюбилась... (Рыбаков 2). She was going to the Crimea for his sake-he had asked her and she had agreed, but that was all she had agreed to....It would be different if she were in love with him... (2a).
    «Да вы освободите меня от марксизма-ленинизма, тогда другое дело. А пока - мы на нем стоим» (Солженицын 2). "Well, emancipate те from Marxism-Leninism, and things will be different. Till then, it's on Marxism-Leninism that we take our stand" (2a)
    Анна Петровна:) Как бы папенька-то твой не мотал без памяти, так бы другое дело было, а то оставил нас почти ни с чем (Островский 1). (А. P.) If only your papa hadn't spent his money like water, then everything'd be different. As it is, he left us almost nothing at all (1a).
    «Почему ж бы я мог быть известен про Дмитрия Фёдоровича: другое дело, кабы я при них сторожем состоял?» - тихо, раздельно и пренебрежительно ответил Смердяков (Достоевский 1). ( context transl) "Why should I be informed as to Dmitri Fyodorovich? It's not as if I were his keeper," Smerdyakov answered quietly, distinctly, and superciliously (1a).
    2. ( subj-compl with бытье ( subj: any noun or infin)) a person (thing etc) is very different from another person (thing etc) mentioned previously
    X - другое дело — X is (that's) (quite) another (a different) matter
    X is (ift) another (a different) story X is something else (entirely)
    II одно дело... и (совсем) другое дело... - ift one thing...but (and) (quite) another... "А я что такое? Обломов - больше ничего. Вот Штольц -другое дело: Штольц - ум... уменье управлять собой, другими...» (Гончаров 1). "But what am I? Oblomov - nothing more. Stolz, now, is another matter: Stolz has intelligence...he knows how to control himself and others..." (1b).
    «Ты знаешь: нарисовал этот Евдокимов похабную карикатуру на декана...» - «Который её заслуживал? Ну, скажи, нет! Ты ведь сам его терпеть не можешь». Игорь невольно оглянулся на дверь. «Я - другое дело, - сказал он кисло. - Не вали, пожалуйста, всех в одну кучу» (Ерофеев 3). "You know that Evdokimov drew a smutty caricature of the Dean..." "And he deserved it. Go on, deny it! You know you can't stand him yourself." Igor couldn't keep himself from glancing at the door. "What I think is something else entirely," he said in a sour voice. "Please don't put everyone in the same bag..." (3a).
    ...Одно дело попасть молотком в стекло критику Латунскому и совсем другое дело - ему же в сердце» (Булгаков 9). "It's one thing to hit Latunsky's window with a hammer, but quite another to hit the critic's heart" (9a).
    3. (main clause in a complex sent, foil. by a что-clause) it should be mentioned, however, that... (used to detract from the merit of sth. previously mentioned): (the fact) that...is another matter
    ...but that's another matter (story).
    Ляля очень хорошенькая. Другое дело, что она круглая дура. Lyalya is very pretty. The fact that she doesn't have a brain in her head is another matter.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-98

  • 99 Д-162

    ясно КАК (БОЖИЙ) ДЕНЬ coll (как + NP these forms only modif fixed WO
    ( sth. is) completely (clear, obvious): (as) plain (clear) as day (daylight)
    crystal clear.
    ...Ведь это же ясно как божий день: не приди Джамхух со своими друзьями, Гунда была бы навеки обречена жить без мужа! (Искандер 5). After all, it was plain as day: had Jamkhoukh not arrived with his friends, Gunda would have been forever doomed to live without a husband! (5a).
    «Одно, что тяжело для меня... -это образ мыслей отца в религиозном отношении. Я не понимаю, как человек с таким огромным умом не может видеть того, что ясно, как день, и может так заблуждаться?» (Толстой 4). The only thing that is hard for me... is Father's attitude to religion. I cannot understand how a man of such tremendous intelligence can fail to see what is as clear as day, and can fall into such error" (4a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-162

  • 100 Р-289

    ЗОЛОТЫЕ РУКИ approv NP pl only)
    1. \Р-289 у кого
    VP subj. with copula) s.o. is very skilled in his craft or in everything he attempts to do with his hands: у X-a золотые руки - X is good (clever) with his hands X can do anything with his hands X has golden (great) hands.
    ...У Ca наги ной были поистине золотые руки и по-мужицки хитрый, первозданный ум (Ивинская 1). Very clever with her hands, Sanagina had the cunning of a peasant, and a natural intelligence (1a).
    ...Дом Ильи был одним из самых благополучных в деревне: хозяин вернулся с войны, и совершенно целёхонек... и руки золотые у мужика... (Абрамов 1)....Ilya's home was one of the happiest in the village. The master had returned from the war all in one piece...and the man could do anything with his hands (1b).
    2. ( subj-compl with бытье (subj: human, postmodif, or indep. sent
    if used as subj-compl, usu. preceded by another subj-compl fixed WO
    a person who is very skilled in his craft or in everything he attempts to do with his hands
    a real (true) master (of one's craft)
    a wonder with one's hands ( s.o. has) golden hands!
    За что Максим ни возьмется, сделает лучше всех. Золотые руки. No matter what Maksim sets out to make, he does it better than anyone. He's a wonder with his hands.
    Но знаете ли вы, что самое гадкое в стукачах и доносчиках? Вы думаете — то плохое, что есть в них? Нет! Самое страшное -- то хорошее, что есть в них... Какие среди них есть даровитые поэты, музыканты, физики... какие среди них умельцы слесаря, плотники, те, о которых народ с восхищением говорит - золотые руки (Гроссман 1). But do you realize the most loathsome thing about stool pigeons and informers? Do you think it is the evil that is in them? No, not at all, the most awful thing is the good that is in them....What talented poets are to be found among them, and musicians, and physicists, and what talented lathe operators, too, and carpenters, the kind of whom people exclaim with delight: "Golden hands!"(1a)
    3. \Р-289 (чьи, кого) ( subj or obj
    fixed WO
    the ability to do or make sth. very skillfully
    skillful (clever, golden) hands
    golden touch.
    И когда идёшь, скажем, по улице Горького (бывшая Торговая) и видишь пышные деревянные ансамбли... то понимаешь: это всё Зенков - его душа, его золотые руки, его понятия о красоте (Домбровский 1). And when you walk, for instance, down Gorky Street (which used to be Commercial Street) and you see these gorgeous wooden buildings...you realise that this is a faithful expression of Zenkov himself: his soul, his golden touch, his sense of beauty (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Р-289

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