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1 таракан
таракан
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
cockroach
The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population. (Source: WRIGHT / WPR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > таракан
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2 агрохимикат
агрохимикат
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agrochemical
Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests. (Source: GILP96)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > агрохимикат
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3 аэробиология
аэробиология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
aerobiology
The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > аэробиология
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4 блоха
блоха
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
flea
Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > блоха
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5 вредитель (биол.)
вредитель (биол.)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
vermin
Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. (Source: CAMB)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > вредитель (биол.)
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6 инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
infestation of crops
Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. (Source: RRDA / WPR)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инвазия посевов сельскохозяйственных культур
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7 облучение продуктов питания
облучение продуктов питания
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
food irradiation
The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. (Source: IFSE / VCN)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > облучение продуктов питания
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8 обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
crop treatment
Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. (Source: WRIGHTa)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > обработка сельскохозяйственных культур химикатами
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9 охрана пчел
охрана пчел
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
bee conservation
The care, preservation and husbandry of hymenopterous insects valued for their ability to pollinate crops and other flora or for their production of honey. (Source: TOE / RHW)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > охрана пчел
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10 перепончатокрылые
перепончатокрылые
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hymenopteran
Insects including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies, having two pair of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging, sawing or piercing. (Source: CED)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > перепончатокрылые
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11 предпосевная обработка семян
предпосевная обработка семян
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
seed dressing
A chemical applied before planting to protect seeds and seedlings from disease or insects. (Source: EPAGLO)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > предпосевная обработка семян
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12 прямокрылые
прямокрылые
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
orthopteran
A heterogeneous order of generalized insects with gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouthparts, and four wings. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > прямокрылые
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13 сельскохозяйственные вредители
сельскохозяйственные вредители
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural pest
Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сельскохозяйственные вредители
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14 уховертка
уховертка
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
earwig
Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera, especially Forficula auricularia, which typically have an elongated body with small leathery forewings, semicircular membranous hindwings, and curved forceps at the tip of the abdomen. (Source: CED)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > уховертка
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15 хлорированный углеводород
хлорированный углеводород
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
chlorinated hydrocarbon
A class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Among them are DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, endrin, mirex, hexachloride, and toxaphene. In insects and other animals these compounds act primarily on the central nervous system. They also become concentrated in the fats of organisms and thus tend to produce fatty infiltration of the heart and fatty degeneration of the liver in vertebrates. In fishes they have the effect of preventing oxygen uptake, causing suffocation. They are also known to slow the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Their danger to the ecosystem resides in their rate stability and the fact that they are broad-spectrum poisons which are very mobile because of their propensity to stick to dust particles and evaporate with water into the atmosphere. (Source: EPAGLO / PORT)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > хлорированный углеводород
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16 чешуйчатокрылые
чешуйчатокрылые
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
lepidopteran
A large order of scaly-winged insects, including the butterflies, skippers, and moths; adults are characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and sucking mouthparts, featuring a prominent, coiled proboscis. (Source: MGH)
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Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > чешуйчатокрылые
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