-
1 A, AN
(indefinite article) – no Quenya equivalent. Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star" (LotR:94), Elda “Elf” is also the equivalent of “an Elf” (Letters:281). Sometimes Tolkien inserts “a” before a gloss to indicate that a noun rather than a verb is intended: rista “a cut” (RIS), vanta “a walk” (BAT). The word laurë Tolkien translated as “(a) golden light”, indicating that “a” has no equivalent in Quenya (VT49:47). The absence of the definite article i "the" usually indicates that the noun is indefinite (though there are exceptions – see THE). -
2 BASE
sundo (Þ) (root, root-word) (pl. \#sundar, isolated from Tarmasundar in UT:166), talan (talam-) (floor, ground), talma (foundation, root); BASE-STRUCTURE sundocarmë (Þ) –SUD (but VT46:16 indicates that Tolkien changed the root to STUD, hence implying that sundo was originally Þundo), WJ:319, TALAM, TAL, LT:343 -
3 FORESIGHT
*apacen (lit. *"after-sight", a vision of something that will come after the present. In MR:216, apacenyë is translated "foresight"; yet the context and the form of the word itself clearly indicates that it is actually the pl. form of an adjective \#apacenya "of foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen; cf. tercen "insight".) –MR:216 -
4 ROOT, ROOTWORD
sundo (Þ) (pl \#sundar in Tarmasundar "Roots of the Pillar" in UT:166, but this may be a different word) (base), talma (foundation), sulca (esp. edible root) –SUD (but VT46:16 indicates that Tolkien changed the root to STUD, also implying that sundo was originally Þundo), TAL, SÚLUK -
5 THROAT
lanco (This was changed by Tolkien from lango, pl. langwi [the latter form is erroneously marked with an asterisk in the printed Etymologies, but langwi is transparently the plural and not an ancestral form, and Tolkien's own manuscript had no asterisk: see VT45:26]. The plural form indicates that lango had the stem-form langu-. If the replacement form lanco is to behave similarly, it should have the stem *lancu- and the plural form *lanqui.) –LAK1, LANK
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