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1 BJÓRR
I)m. beer (öl heitir með mönnum, en með Ásum bjórr).(-s, -ar), m.1) triangular cut off piece of skin (bjórar þeir, er menn sníða ór skóm sínum fyrir tám eða hæl);2) triangular strip of land, = geiri (bjórr lá ónuminn fyrir austan Fljót);3) front wall, party wall; engi var bjórrinn milli húsanna, there was no partition between the houses;4) a sort of tapestry of triangular shape (var stofan vel tjölduð ok settir upp bjórar).(-s, -ar), m. beaver, esp. the beaver’s skin (bjórr ok safali).* * *1.m. [O. H. G. pior or bior; Low Germ. and mod. Germ. bier; Fris. biar; A. S. bior; Engl. beer], no doubt a word of German extraction, öl (öldr), ale, being the familiar word used in prose:—bjór hardly ever occurs, vide however Hkr. iii. 447, Bk. 48, 89, 96 (Norse); and is a foreign word, as is indicated even by the expression in the Alvismál—öl heitir með mönnum, en með Ásum bjór, ale it is called by men, by gods beer: bjór however is very current in poetry, but the more popular poems, such as the Hávamál, only speak of öl or öldr, Hm. 11, 13, 65, 80, 132, 138.2.m. [Lat. fiber; A. S. beofar], a beaver, esp. the beaver’s skin, Eg. 71, in the phrase, b. ok savali.2. a triangular cut off piece of skin, [cp. provincial Swed. bjaur]; þat eru bjórar þeir er menn sníða ór skóm sínum fyrir tám eðr hael, Edda 42; still used in Icel. in that sense.II. metaph. a small piece of land (an απ. λεγ. as it seems); bjór lá ónuminn fyrir austan Fljót, Landn. 284.3.m., must be different from the preceding word, synonymous with brjóstþili, a wall in a house, a party wall, but also in the 13th and 14th centuries freq. a costly tapestry used in halls at festivals and in churches; hrindum hallar bjóri, let us break down the wall of the hall, Hálfs S. Fas. ii. (in a verse); eingi var bjórrinn milli húsanna, there was no partition between the houses, Sturl. iii. 177; gengu þeir í stofuna, var hón vel tjölduð ok upp settir bjórar, 229; annarr hlutrinn stökk útar í bjórinn, svá at þar varð fastr, Háv. 40.β. of a movable screen between choir and nave, of cloth or costly stuff, different from tjöld ( hangings) and reflar; hann lét Atla prest penta allt ræfr innan, ok svá allan bjórinn, Bs. i. 132; kirkja á tjöld umhverfis sik með tvennum bjórum, Vm. 153; kirkja tjölduð sæmiligum tjöldum ok þrír bjórar, 171, D. I. i. 402; bjórr framan um kór, tjöld um alla kirkju, Pm. 103; b. slitinn blámerktr yfir altari, 108, Bs. ii. 476, 322; vide bjórþili. -
2 KETILL
* * *(dat. katli, pl. katlar), m. kettle, pot, cauldron (í eldahúsinu var eldr mikill ok katlar yfir).* * *m., dat. katli, pl. katlar, [Goth. katils = Mark vii. 4; A. S. cytel; Engl. kettle; O. H. G. kezil; Germ. kessel; Swed. kettel; Dan. kjædel]:—a kettle, cauldron, Eb. 198; í elda-húsinu var eldr mikill ok katlar yfir, Eg. 238, Bs. i. 342, ii. 135, B. K. 52, Fms. vi. 364, Edda 28; elda undir katli, kljúfa við undir ketil, Fbr. 72 new Ed., Fs. 150; var honum goldinn k. mikill ok góðr, Þorst. Siðu H. 171; búðar-k., Eb. 198; eir-k., Eg.; járn-k., stein-k., an iron, an earthen kettle, Ó. H. 223: in old usage as a general name for every kettle, boiler, cauldron; in mod. usage, esp. of a kettle of a certain shape or of a small kettle, kaffe-k., a coffee kettle; but pottr = cauldron; the same distinction is made in Dipl. v. 4.—sex katlar, tíu pottar: katla-máls skjóla, a measure, Grág. i. 501: the phrase, e-m fellr allr ketill í eld, one’s kettle falls into the fire, of consternation.2. the earliest northern eccl. law prescribed as an ordeal for a woman to take hot stones out of a boiling kettle, whereas a man had to take up hot iron; ganga til ketils, taka í ketil, Gkv. 3. 7, (the ordeal being called ketil-tak, n.); beri karlmaðr járn en kona taki í ketil, N. G. L. i. 152; karlmaðr skal ganga til arins-járns en kona til ketiltaks, 389; eðr berr hón járn eðr tekr hón í ketil, Grág. i. 381.II. as a pr. name of men, Ketill, Ketil-björn; of women, Katla, Ketil-ríðr: but chiefly used as the latter part in compd names of men, contr. into ‘kel,’ As-kell, Arn-kell, Grím-kell, Hall-kell, Stein-kell, Úlf-kell, Þór-kell, Vé-kell: of women, Hall-katla, Þór-katla. In poets of the 10th century the old uncontracted form was still used, but the contracted form occurs in verses of the beginning of the 11th century, although the old form still occurs now and then. The freq. use of these names is no doubt derived from the holy cauldron at sacrifices, as is indicated by such names as Vé-kell, Holy kettle; cp. Ketilby in Yorkshire. -
3 LÁN
* * *n.1) loan; at láni, as a loan; hafa at láni, to get on credit;2) fief; hafa at láni = hafa at léni.* * *n., but an older feminine is indicated by the compd lánar-dróttinn; [A. S. læn; Engl. loan; Dan. laan]:—a loan; in the saying, ekki er lán lengr en léð er; þiggja lán, to receive as a loan, Grág. i, 437; at láni, as a loan, Fms. ix. 404; hafa at láni, to get on credit, Nj. 259; selja at láni, to lend, Grág. i. 400; ekki er lán lengr en léð er, Vídal., a saying.2. with the notion of land, a fief; en ef þú vilt þráliga halda á ríkinu, þá mun þér hinn til at fara á fund hans ok görask hans maðr, munu vér þá biðja með þér, at hann fái þér at láni þetta ríki, Ó. H. 45; á því láni, Sighvat, cp. láð; Guðs lán, a loan from God, Hom. 149.3. metaph. luck, good luck; ó-lán, ill-luck, freq. in mod. usage.COMPDS: lánsfé, lánshestr, lánshross, lánsklæði, lánsmaðr. -
4 MIÐ
n.1) the middle (sá var mestr, er í miðit reið);2) mark; sem ek munda hafa m. á mér, ef, which I should have experienced on myself, if;3) fishing bank (indicated by landmarks on shore); bregða til miða, to seek for a fishing bank.* * *n., dat. pl. miðjum, 645. 100 (the older form), but commonly miða miðum (= miðr, q. v.), the middle; í mið, or í miðið, in the middle; sá er í miðið reið, Vápn. 25, Fms. iii. 182; gengr steikari fyrst fyrir konung, þá riddari í mið en konungs-son siðast, Pr. 429; Snorri var í mið, Bs. ii. 72: the phrase, spakir menn henda á mörgu mið, the wise man hits the middle of many things, i. e. makes many good hits, Fs. 140, Sturl. iii. 217 (a saying):—a mark, hit, sem ek munda hafa mið á mér ef hans íllvili hefði fengit framkvæmd, Fms. i. 223.2. metaph., kváðu þeir lítil mið at Páli ok kenningum hans, they said that Paul and his teaching were little to be relied on, Post. 656 C. 24.II. as a naut. or fishing term, a fishing bank, Scot. meith; banks out at sea marked by prominences or landmarks on shore, described in Bs. ii. 179 (þess-háttar sjóreita kalla þeir mið); bregða til miða, to seek for a fishing bank, Gísl. 49; ek mun visa þér á mið þat at aldri mun fiskr bresta ef til er sótt …, en er hann kom á miðit var undir fiskr nógr, Bárð. 15 new Ed.; ef menn hafa hér glögg mið á, Fas. i. 27; geisa þeir nú róðrinn af miðunum, Valla L. 226; en þá er þeir fundu brátt at miðjum skipti, ok þeir nálguðusk land, þá köstuðu þeir akkerum sínum, Post. 645. 100; hón setti ok Kvíar-mið á Ísafjarðar-djúpi, Landn. 147; hann réri út á mið ok sat til fiski, Fas. ii. 110; mun þik kala ef ek sit lengi ok útarla á miðum sem ek em vanr, Edda ii. 286; djúp-mið, grann-mið, deep or shallow banks. -
5 vísa
* * *I)(að, rarely -ta, -t), v. to show, point out, indicate;vísa e-m leið, to show one the way;vísa augum í e-n, to direct, fix the eyes on one;vísa hundi at mann í, to set a hound on a person;vísa e-m til sætis, to show one where to sit;vísa e-m til landskostar, to direct one to the best of the land;þeir vísuðu honum til Kols, they showed him the way to Kol, told him where he was to be found;vísa e-m til vegar, to show one the road;vísa e-m frá, to send one away, reject an application;vísa á e-t, to point at, indicate (fleiri eru þau tíðindi, er kvæðit vísar á);vísa svá til, at, to indicate (vísa ok svá til enskar bœkr, at);impers., vísar svá til í sögu Bjarnar, it is indicated, referred to, in the story of B.;with infin., vísa e-m at gera e-t, to tell, prompt one to do a thing.f. verse, strophe, stanza (hann orti kvæði ok eru þessar vísur í).* * *u; f. [Germ. weise; Dan. vise], a strophe, stanza; kveða vísu, Nj. 12; hann orti kvæði ok eru þessar vísur í, Fms. v. 108; vísu lengd, the length of a stanza, Edda (Ht.) i. 606, 656: referring to the repetition of verses as a means of measuring time (minutes), Fs. (Vd. ch. 26); lausa-vísa, a ditty; níð-vísa, söng-visa; höldar danza harla snart, þá heyrist vísan min, a ditty: as the names of shorter poems, as, Nesja-vísur, Austrfarar-vísur, by Sighvat; Vísna-bók, a book of lays. Unlike the old Greek epics, as well as the poems of the Saxon Beowulf, all ancient Northern poetry is in strophic lays. Four sets of alliteration make a verse (vísa), two a half strophe, vísu-helmingr, Edda (Ht.) i. 610, or half vísa, Grág. ii. 148; one set a quarter of a vísa (vísu-fjórðungr); each alliterative set being again divided into two halves, called vísu-orð, a word or sentence, Edda (Ht.) i. 596, cp. Hallfr. S. ch. 6 (Fs. 96, 97); thus ‘fastorðr skyli fyrða | fengsæll vera þengill’ is an alliterative set. ☞ The vellums give verses in unbroken lines, but in modern print each alliterative set is divided into two lines: this may do for metres of the drótt-kvæð kind, with two rhyming syllables in each vísu-orð; but in the brief kviðu-háttr (the metre of the Vsp.) each alliterative set should, for the sake of the flow of the verse, be printed in one line, thus, Hljóðs bið ek allar helgar kindir | meiri ok minni mögu Heimdalar; for a pause only follows between each pair of sets, but none between the sub-staves and the head-stave. This plan is that advocated by Jacob Grimm: the other, commonly followed in the Editions, chops the verse into—hljóðs bið ek allar | helgar kindir | meiri ok minni | mögu Heimdalar. -
6 VÍSA
* * *I)(að, rarely -ta, -t), v. to show, point out, indicate;vísa e-m leið, to show one the way;vísa augum í e-n, to direct, fix the eyes on one;vísa hundi at mann í, to set a hound on a person;vísa e-m til sætis, to show one where to sit;vísa e-m til landskostar, to direct one to the best of the land;þeir vísuðu honum til Kols, they showed him the way to Kol, told him where he was to be found;vísa e-m til vegar, to show one the road;vísa e-m frá, to send one away, reject an application;vísa á e-t, to point at, indicate (fleiri eru þau tíðindi, er kvæðit vísar á);vísa svá til, at, to indicate (vísa ok svá til enskar bœkr, at);impers., vísar svá til í sögu Bjarnar, it is indicated, referred to, in the story of B.;with infin., vísa e-m at gera e-t, to tell, prompt one to do a thing.f. verse, strophe, stanza (hann orti kvæði ok eru þessar vísur í).* * *að; pret. vísti, Str. 66. l. 37; part. víst, 73. l. 20, 81. l. 10: [Ulf. ga-weison = ἐπισκέπτεσθαι; O. H. G. wîsan; Germ. weisen; Dan. vise]:—to shew, point the way for one, direct, indicate, etc.; ef maðr vísar at manni ólmum hundi, if a person sets a hound on a person, Grág. ii. 118; hann iðraðisk at hann vísti honum í brott, Str. 66; ef konungr vísar gestum at óvinum sínum, Sks. 258; vísa e-m til sætis, to shew one where to sit, Eg. 29; vísa e-m til lands-kostar, to shew him to the best of the land, 138; ok vísuðu honum til Kols, and shewed him the way to Kol, where he was to be found, Nj. 55; ok vísuðu honum til Valhallar, Hkr. i. 161; hefir þú heyrt hvat atburð oss hefir hingat víst (sic), Str. 81; sem honum vísar til skipan föður hans, Fms. x. 419; hverr honum hefir vísat at rekkju hjá dugandi konum, vii. 166; vísa e-m leið, Skv. 1. 24; vísa þú mér nú leiðina, Hbl. 55; vísa e-m til vegar, to shew one the road; munu vér ekki rasa í helina opna, þótt Hreiðarr vili oss þannig á vísa, Fms. viii. 437; vísar þú augum á oss þannig, thou aimest with thy eyes at us, starest at me, Hdl.; ef maðr vísar manni á foruð, Grág. ii. 17; þótti þeim þá á vísat um bústaðinn, Ld. 6; ef maðr vísar úmaga sínum eptir eldi, gives him directions to fetch his food, Gþl. 377; vísa e-m frá, to shew one the way out, send one away, reject an application, Fms. i. 157, Grett. 125; værir þú slíkr maðr sem hann, þá mundi þér eigi frá vísat, of a wooer, Ísl. ii. 214.2. metaph., vísa á, to point at, indicate; ek hefir þannig helzt á vísat, Fms. ii. 260; á þat þykkir vísa meistari Johannes í bók þeirri er …, Rb. 466; sem eðli ok aldr vísar til, Fms. x. 177; vísa ok svá til Enskar bækr, at …, xi. 410; vísar svá til í sögu Bjarnar, Grett. 132 new Ed. (vísar svá at í sögu Bjarnar, Cod. A); ok vísar svá til, at konur …, Fms. xi. 414; þat vísar, at …, demonstrates, Rb. 382; sem þér vísit, at þér leggit nú hug á, H. E. i. 251.
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