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indicate

  • 1 a

    1 vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O beautiful ones" LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308; also attested repeatedly in VT44:12 cf. 15: A Hrísto *"o Christ", A Eruion*"o God the son/son of God", a Aina Fairë *"o Holy Spirit", a aina Maria *"o holy Mary". 2 conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna *”and northwards” in a late text, VT49:26. According to PE17:41, “Old Quenya” could have the conjunction a as a variant of ar before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw f is not mentioned, PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r,þ, s. See ar \#1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen “he ran with his speed” i.e. as quickly as he could is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is *“he ran and did so with his speed” PE17:58. 3, also á, imperative particle. An imperative with “immediate time reference” is expressed by á in front of the verb or “occasionally after it, sometimes before and after for emphasis”, with the verb following in “the simplest form also used for the uninflected ‘aorist’ without specific time reference past or present or future” PE17:93. Cf. a laita te, laita te! "o bless them, bless them!", á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule Manwë!" see laita, vala for reference; cf. also á carë *“do!”, á ricë “try!”, á lirë “sing!”, á menë “proceed!”, a norë “run!” PE17:92-93, notice short a in this example, á tula *"come!" VT43:14. In the last example, the verb tul- “come” receives an ending -a that probably represents the suffixed form of the imperative particle, this apparently being an example of the imperative element occurring both “before and after” the verbal stem “for emphasis” PE17:93. This ending may also appear on its own with no preceding a/á, as in the command queta “speak!” PE17:138. Other examples of imperatives with suffixed -a include cena and tira VT47:31, see cen-, tir-; the imperatives of these same verbs are however also attested as á tirë, á cenë PE17:94 with the imperative particle remaining independent and the following verb appearing as an uninflected aorist stem. This aorist can be plural to indicate a 3rd person pl. subject: á ricir! “let them try!” PE17:93. Alyë VT43:17, VT44:9 seems to be the imperative particle a with the pronominal suffix -lyë "you, thou" suffixed to indicate the subject who is to carry out the command; attested in the phrase alyë anta *"give thou" elided aly' in VT43:11, since the next word begins in e-: aly' eterúna me, *"do thou deliver us"; presumably other pronominal suffixes could likewise be added. The particle a is also present in the negative imperatives ala, \#ála or áva, q.v.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > a

  • 2 yunquë

    "q" cardinal "twelve" VT47:41, VT48:4, 6, 9; VT49:57; also compare the stem yunukw- cited in VT42:24, 31. This word appears already in an early source PE14:82. Some sources point to \#rasta, q.v., as another word for "twelve". However, available post-LotR sources indicate that Tolkien intended yunquë as the regular Quenya word for "twelve".

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > yunquë

  • 3 tana-

    2 vb. "to show, indicate" MR:350, 385, 471 cf. the demonstrative tana "that"

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > tana-

  • 4 leptenta-

    vb. *”point to/indicate with the finger“ gloss suggested by Patrick Wynne VT49:24. Cf. tenta-, hententa-.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > leptenta-

  • 5 nelquëa

    cardinal "thirteen" ? VT48:21. This looks like an odd form next to other cardinals that simply end in -quë like lepenquë, enenquë, otoquë = 15, 16, 17, and the form "nelekwe" also listed may indicate another Quenya form nelequë q.v. or *nelquë but because of the uncertainties, yunquentë may be preferred as the word for 13. By another theory, nelquëa is the ordinal "thirteenth", corresponding to the cardinal *nelequë.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > nelquëa

  • 6 Rómen

    noun "east" RŌ, MEN, SA:men, "uprising, sunrise, east" SA:rómen; also name of tengwa \#25 Appendix E. Possessive form rómenwa PE17:59.Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" SA:rómen, cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "to one from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32. Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" Appendix A; cf. Letters:425. Masc. name Rómestámo, Rómenstar "East-helper" PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Rómenstar to indicate the connection with rómen "east"

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > Rómen

  • 7 an

    1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernë“for if one turned…” VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express “one more” of the thing concerned: an quetta “a word more”, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar “upon the foaming waves” Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an “moreover, furthermore, to proceed” VT49:18-19 or “properly” “further, plus, in addition” PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an “is very frequently used after a ‘full stop’, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriel’s Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc… This is translated by me ‘for’, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said”. Related is the use of an + noun to express “one more”; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > an

  • 8

    1 vb. "is" am. Nam, RGEO:67. This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements or wishes asserting or desiring a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” VT49:28. Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná “it is cold” VT49:23. The copula may however be omitted “where the meaning is clear” without it VT49:9. Ná is also used as an interjection “yes” or “it is so” VT49:28. Short na in airë na, " is holy" VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of. Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34, also na airë "be holy" VT43:14; also cf. nai “be it that” see nai \#1. The imperative participle á may be prefixed á na, PE17:58. However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár “are" PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30; dual nát VT49:30. With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you sg. are” polite and familiar, respectively, nás “it is”, násë “she is”, nalmë “we are” VT49:27, 30. Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë 1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively; does a followingna represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar changed from nár are elsewhere said to be “aorist”, without the extra vowel i e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë; also notice that *“she is” is here nassë rather than násë VT49:30.Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36. According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29, and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “she/it was” VT49:28-29. Future tense nauva "will be" VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30. Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” VT49:19, this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië “has been” VT49:27, first written as anáyë. Infinitive or gerund návë “being”, PE17:68. See also nai \#1. 2, also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná "is", *nán "I am".

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) >

  • 9 palar

    noun "flat field, 'wang', plain" the editors indicate that the last gloss may also be read as "place", but "plain" seems more likely in light of the other glosses, VT46:8

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > palar

  • 10 inca

    "k" noun "idea" VT45:18, where the word is cited with a final hyphen, though its gloss would indicate that it is a noun not a verb. Originally, the triple glosses "idea, notion, guess" were provided.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > inca

  • 11 ruc-

    1 "k" vb. "feel fear or horror" 1st pers. aorist rucin "I feel fear or horror"; the verb is said to be constructed with "from" sc. the ablative case, or prepositions like ho or va? of the object feared. WJ:415 Hence e.g. *rucin i ulundollo or, *rucin ho/va i ulundo for "I fear the monster"? 2 vb. "fly to", in the phrase ortírielyanna rucimmë, "to thy patronage we fly" VT44:7. If this is really the same verb as ruc- \#1 above, it would indicate that ruc- combined with the allative case implies flying in horror to some refuge denoted by the allative noun.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > ruc-

  • 12 lóna

    1 noun "pool, mere" VT42:10. Variant of lón, lónë above? 2 noun "island, remote land difficult to reach" LONO AWA. Obsoleted by \#1 above? 3 unused adj., a form Tolkien mentioned as the hypothetical Quenya cognate of Sindarin loen, Telerin logna adj. "soaking wet" VT42:10, but this cognate was not in use because it clashed with \#1 above. At this point, Tolkien may seem to have forgotten lóna \#2. 4 adj. "dark" DO3/DŌ. If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > lóna

  • 13 ehtyar

    noun "spearman" EK/EKTE. According to VT45:12, Tolkien at one point also meant ehtyar to be the name of Tengwa \#15 with overposed dots to indicate a palatal sound; the letter would thus have the value hty. However, according to the classical Tengwar spelling of Quenya as outlined in LotR Appendix E, such a letter would rather have the value **ncy since \#15 is there assigned the value nc in Quenya, but since **ncy is not a possible Quenya combination, a palatal variant of \#15 would not occur in the classical Quenya mode.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > ehtyar

  • 14 sa-rincë

    "k", apparently the name of the "hook" that may be attached to a tengwa letter to indicate a following s VT46:11. If so, sa may be a name of S as a sound.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > sa-rincë

  • 15 nyarro

    noun "rat", the most likely reading of Tolkien's manuscript. Christopher Tolkien originally read the word as "nyano" so in the published Etymologies, entry NYAD, but the "Noldorin"/Sindarin cognates nadhr, nadhor VT46:7 indicate that the primitive form is meant to be *nyadrō, which form could hardly yield "nyano" in Quenya.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > nyarro

  • 16 palan

    adv.? “afar” PE17:86, "far, distant, wide, to a great extent" PAL, "wide, over a wide space, to a distance" VT45:21, "far and wide" in palantír pl. palantíri"Far-gazer", the magical far-seeing stones made by the Noldor in the First Age SA:palan, PAL, PE17:86. For etymology, see Letters:427. The spelling “pálan-tìr” in PE17:86 may seem to indicate an unusual stress pattern with primary stress on the initial syllable and a secondary stress on the final one normally a Quenya word of this shape would be stressed on ant; it is unclear if this source describes the Quenya accents or some older pattern. – Also Palantir masc. name, "Far-sighted" Appendix A, SA:palan, PAL, TIR; assimilated palar- in Palarran "Far-Wanderer", name of a ship palan + ran UT:179

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > palan

  • 17 nyellë

    noun "bell" NYEL. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, nyellë was also the name of tengwa \#21 with overposed dots to indicate "following y", the whole symbol having the value ny VT46:7

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > nyellë

  • 18 exë

    noun "the other, *another" VT47:40, VT49:33. Though Tolkien included the article "the" in his gloss, this may be simply to indicate that exë is a noun, not to suggest that it is inherently definite and does not require the definite article i. Used in an indefinite sense, without i preceding, exë would likely translate as *"another".

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > exë

  • 19 indyo

    noun "grandchild, descendant" ÑGYŌ/ÑGYON - read *inyo in Noldorin Quenya, which dialect changed ndy to ny? Cf. Quenya for Quendya. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, indyo was also the name of tengwa \#17 with overposed dots to indicate following y VT46:4, the whole symbol having the value ndy.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > indyo

  • 20 -li

    partitive pl. ending simply called a plural suffix in the Etymologies, stem LI. The ending is used to indicate a plural that is neither generic e.g. Eldar “the Elves” as a race nor definite preceded by article; hence Eldali is used for “some Elves” a particular group of Elves, when they are first mentioned in a narrative, VT49:8. Sometimes Tolkien also lets -li imply a great number; in PE17:129, the form falmalinnar from Namárië is broken down as falma-uli/u-nnar “foam wave-umany/u-towards-pl. ending”, and falmali by itself Tolkien translated “many waves” PE17:73. A distinct accusative in -līseems to occur in the phrase an i falmalīPE17:127, apparently meaning the same as i falmalinnar, but replacing the allative ending with a preposition. Genitive -lion in vanimálion, malinornélion q.v. for reference, allative -linna and -linnar in falmalinnar, q.v. The endings for other cases are only known from the Plotz letter: possessive -líva, dative -lin, locative -lissë or -lissen, ablative -lillo or -lillon, instrumental -línen, "short locative" -lis. When the noun ends in a consonant, r and n is assimilated before l, e.g. Casalli as the partitive pl. of Casar “Dwarf” WJ:402, or elelli as the partitive pl. of elen “star” PE17:127. It is unclear whether the same happens in monosyllabic words, or whether a connecting vowel would be slipped in before -li e.g. ?queneli or ?quelli as the partitive pl. of quén, quen- “person”.

    Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > -li

См. также в других словарях:

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