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1 потребление сырья
потребление сырья
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
raw material consumption
The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between "loosable" resources, such as oil and coal, and "non-loosable" resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > потребление сырья
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2 воздействие загрязнения
воздействие загрязнения
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
pollution effect
The main pollution effects concern human health and cover all aspects of the physical environment - air, water and land, including the effects of climate change. Human activities which are sources of pollution arise from domestic, commercial, industrial and military sectors and their effects are influenced by various issues, trends and public sector programmes, such as safe water and food, management of waste, increasing use of chemicals in agriculture, and urbanization. Types of pollutants which are negatively impacting health include litter, toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, lead, spoil from mining, food and water contaminants; and the polluting effects of over-population. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > воздействие загрязнения
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3 деградация природных ресурсов
деградация природных ресурсов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
degradation of natural resources
The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. (Source: WPR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > деградация природных ресурсов
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4 денитрификация газовых отходов
денитрификация газовых отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
denitrification of waste gas
Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber. (Source: PZ)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > денитрификация газовых отходов
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5 климатический эксперимент
климатический эксперимент
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
climatic experiment
Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. (Source: YOUNG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > климатический эксперимент
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6 концентрация (процесс)
концентрация (процесс)
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
concentration (process)
The process of increasing the quantity of a component in a solution. The opposite of dilution. (Source: CED)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > концентрация (процесс)
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7 концентрация городского населения
концентрация городского населения
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
urban concentration
A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas. (Source: GOOD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > концентрация городского населения
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8 политика зачета уровней выброса
политика зачета уровней выброса
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
bubble policy (emissions trading)
EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. (Source: EPAGLO)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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- politique de la "bulle" (permis d'émissions négociables)
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > политика зачета уровней выброса
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9 пуск переключением со звезды на треугольник
пуск переключением со звезды на треугольник
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star-delta starting
the process of starting a three-phase motor by connecting it to the supply with the primary winding initially connected in star, then reconnected in delta for the running condition
[IEV number 411-52-16]FR
démarrage étoile-triangle
mode de démarrage d'un moteur triphasé à tension réduite, consistant à relier à la source à tension constante les enroulements statoriques, d'abord en couplage étoile, puis à passer au couplage triangle pour le fonctionnement normal
[IEV number 411-52-16]Magnetic only circuit-breaker - Автоматический выключатель с электромагнитным расцепителем
Y/Δ changeover node - Узел переключения со звезды на треугольник
Contactor KL - Контактор KL
Thermal relay - Тепловое реле
Contactor KΔ - Контактор KΔ
Contactor KY- Контактор KY
Параллельные тексты EN-RU Star-delta Y/Δ starting
Star-delta starting is the best known system and perhaps the commonest starting system at reduced voltage; it is used to start the motor reducing the mechanical stresses and limiting the current values during starting; on the other hand, it makes available a reduced inrush torque.This system can be used for motors with terminal box with 6 terminals and double supply voltage.
It is particularly suitable for no-load starting or with low and constant load torque or lightly increasing load torque, such as in the case of fans or low power centrifugal pumps.
Making reference to the diagram of Figure 6, the starting modality foresees the initial phase with star-connection of the windings to be realized through the closing of the circuit-breaker, of the line contactor KL and of the star contactor KY.
After a suitable predetermined period of time, the opening of the contactor KY and the closing of KΔ allow switching to delta-connection, which is also the configuration of normal running position.
[ABB]Пуск переключением со звезды на треугольник
Пуск переключением со звезды на треугольник является самым известным способом и, возможно, самой распространенной схемой пуска на пониженном напряжении. С одной стороны, этот способ используется для снижения механических нагрузок и ограничения пускового тока, а с другой - обеспечивает уменьшение пускового момента.Такая возможность может быть реализована в двигателях с шестью зажимами в выводной коробке, что позволяет питать его от двух напряжений.
Особенно этот способ подходит для ненагруженного пуска и пуска с низким постоянным или немного увеличивающимся вращающим моментом, например, для пуска вентиляторов или маломощных центробежных насосов.
Схема пуска переключением со звезды на треугольник представлена на рисунке 6. В начальный момент пуска обмотки статора соединяют звездой путем замыкания контактов автоматического выключателя, линейного контактора KL и контактора KY со схемой "звезда".
По истечении заданного времени контакты контактора KY размыкаются и замыкаются контакты контактора КΔ со схемой треугольник.
В результате выполняется переключение обмоток статора со схемы «звезда» на схему «треугольник».
Обе схемы соединения обмоток являются схемами нормального рабочего режима.
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
EN
- star-delta starting
- Y/Δ starting
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пуск переключением со звезды на треугольник
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10 разрушение природной среды
разрушение природной среды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
habitat destruction
Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. (Source: WPR / WRES)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > разрушение природной среды
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11 сельскохозяйственные машины
сельскохозяйственные машины
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural machinery
Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. (Source: MGH / DOBRIS)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сельскохозяйственные машины
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12 сельскохозяйственные работы, осуществляемые по контуру
сельскохозяйственные работы, осуществляемые по контуру
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
contour farming
The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil. (Source: ALLa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > сельскохозяйственные работы, осуществляемые по контуру
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13 смертельные болезни рыб
смертельные болезни рыб
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
fish kill
Fish diseases observed in the past three decades and which have been attributed to pollution include: haemorrhages; tumours; fin rot; deformed fins; and missing scales and tails. In industrialized countries, increasing numbers of fish are deemed inedible. Many small kills are not noticed or are not reported, and large kills are often not included because of insufficient information to determine whether the kills were caused by pollution or by natural factors. Low dissolved oxygen levels resulting from excessive sewage is one of the leading causes. The second most common cause is pesticides. (Source: WPR)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > смертельные болезни рыб
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14 торговый барьер
торговый барьер
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
trade barrier
An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. (Source: GREENW)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > торговый барьер
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15 уровень экономического развития
уровень экономического развития
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
status of development
The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities. (Source: POP)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > уровень экономического развития
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16 усилитель
усилитель
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[IEV number 151-13-50]EN
amplifier
device for increasing the power of a signal
Source: 702-09-19 MOD
[IEV number 151-13-50]FR
amplificateur, m
dispositif destiné à accroître la puissance d'un signal
Source: 702-09-19 MOD
[IEV number 151-13-50]EN
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > усилитель
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17 циркуляция морской воды
циркуляция морской воды
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
sea circulation
Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > циркуляция морской воды
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18 чрезмерный выпас
чрезмерный выпас
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
overgrazing
Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > чрезмерный выпас
См. также в других словарях:
increasing — adj. 1. becoming greater or larger; as, increasing prices. [Narrower terms: {accretionary ; {augmenting, augmentative, building ; {expanding ; {flared, flaring ; {growing ; {incorporative ; {lengthening ; {maximizing ; {multiplicative ; {profit… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
increasing — index augmentation, boom (increase) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
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Increasing — Increase In*crease , v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Increased}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Increasing}.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in in + crescere to grow. See {Crescent}, and cf. {Decrease}.] [1913 Webster] 1. To… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
increasing — increase ► VERB ▪ make or become greater in size, amount, or degree. ► NOUN ▪ an instance or the action of increasing. DERIVATIVES increasing adjective increasingly adverb. ORIGIN Latin increscere, from crescere grow … English terms dictionary
increasing — adj. Increasing is used with these nouns: ↑acceptance, ↑age, ↑alienation, ↑amount, ↑anxiety, ↑army, ↑autonomy, ↑availability, ↑awareness, ↑clarity, ↑commitment, ↑ … Collocations dictionary
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Increasing Student Achievement — Increasing Student Achievement: What State NAEP Test Scores Tell Us is a RAND study of educational reform in the United States. The League of Education Voters cites the study in support of its Initiative 728, which advocates reducing class size… … Wikipedia
Increasing function — Increase In*crease , v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Increased}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Increasing}.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in in + crescere to grow. See {Crescent}, and cf. {Decrease}.] [1913 Webster] 1. To… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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increasing monotonic — adjective consistently increasing an increasing monotonic function • Similar to: ↑monotonic, ↑monotone … Useful english dictionary