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41 μεγαλύνω
μεγαλύνω (s. μέγας) impf. ἐμεγάλυνον, mid. ἐμεγαλυνόμην; fut. μεγαλυνῶ; 1 aor. ἐμεγάλυνα LXX. Pass.: fut. μεγαλυνθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐμεγαλύνθην; pf. 3 sg. μεμεγάλυνται Ezk 9:9 (‘make large/long, magnify’ Aeschyl. et al.; Thu. 5, 98; POxy 1592, 3; LXX; TestLevi 18:3; JosAs 21:4 cod. A [p. 71, 21 Bat.])① to cause to be large, of either physical or nonphysical entities, make large/long, make great τὶ someth. τὰ κράσπεδα (τῶν ἱματίων: v.l. addition, correct as to subject matter) the tassels (on their garments) Mt 23:5. μ. τὸ ἔλεος μετά τινος show someone great mercy Lk 1:58 (cp. Gen 19:19 ἐμεγάλυνας τ. δικαιοσύνην σου). μ. τὸ ὄνομά τινος make great someone’s name 1 Cl 10:3 (Gen 12:2; so also Eur., Bacch. 320); GJs 7:2; 12:1.—Pass. increase, grow (1 Km 2:21; 3 Km 10:26) 2 Cor 10:15. ἐμεγαλύνθη ἡ ψυχή μου my spirit is magnified i.e. ‘I am lost in wonder’ GJs 5:2; 19:2 (cp. 1 Km 26:24).② to cause to be held in greater esteem through praise or deeds, exalt, glorify, magnify, speak highly of (Eur., Thu. et al.; LXX) w. the acc. of the one praised τὸν κύριον (Sir 43:31) Lk 1:46 (UMittman-Richert, Magnifikat und Benediktus ’96). τὸν θεόν (Ps 68:31.—Cp. Diod S 1, 20, 6 μ. τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν) Ac 10:46. Of the apostles ἐμεγάλυνεν αὐτοὺς ὁ λαός the people spoke highly of them 5:13 (difft. NRSV). Boasters say: τ. γλῶσσαν ἡμῶν μεγαλυνοῦμεν we will glorify our tongue i.e. our speech will display our mastery 1 Cl 15:5 (Ps 11:5).—Pass. be glorified, aggrandized (2 Km 7:26) τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου Ac 19:17 (μ. τὸ ὄνομά τινος as Gen 12:2; Eur., Bacch. 320 ὅταν … τὸ Πενθέως δʼ ὄνομα μεγαλύνῃ πόλις). μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου Christ will be glorified in my person (i.e. the prestige of Christ will be advanced in connection with me) Phil 1:20. W. δοξασθῆναι 1 Cl 32:3.—DELG s.v. μέγας. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
42 νηστεύω
νηστεύω pres. ptc. fem. pl. by-form νηστέουσαι (AcPl Ha 5, 19f); fut. νηστεύσω; 1 aor. ἐνήστευσα, inf. νηστεῦσαι, impv. νηστεύσατε, ptc. νηστεύσας; pf. 2 pl. νενηστεύκατε Zech 7:5 (Aristoph.; Aristot.; Plut., Mor. 626f; Aelian, VH 5, 20; LXX; Test12Patr; ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 9 Tdf. and oft.; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 197; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 308; Ar. [Milne 76, verso 1]; Just.) to fast as a devotional rite, among Jews and Christians: as a sign of grief (2 Km 1:12; 12:22; Zech 7:5; Bar 1:5) Mt 9:15 v.l.; Mk 2:19f; Lk 5:34f (cp. ν. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ Judg 20:26; 1 Km 7:6); 7:5; AcPl Ha 5, 19f; GPt 7:27. Moses B 4:7; 14:2 (for the idea cp. Ex 34:28) and Jesus (Iren. 3, 22, 2 [Harv. II 122, 6]; Did., Gen. 190, 13) Mt 4:2 fast for forty days and forty nights (cp. 1 Km 31:13; 1 Ch 10:12 ν. ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας; Marinus, Vi. Procli 19 Boiss. τινὰς ν. ἡμέρας). With lamentation 7:5. Of Joseph GJs 1:4. As preparation for prayer (Jos., Ant. 20, 89) Hv 3, 10, 6; for baptism D 7:4 (on fasting before being received into the Gr.-Rom. mystery cults s. Knopf, Hdb. ad loc.). W. προσεύχεσθαι (cp. Bar 1:5) Ac 13:3. W. δέομαι Hv 3, 1, 2. W. εὐχαριστεῖν 5, 1, 1. To increase the power of his prayer, Hermas fasts μίαν ἡμέραν for one whole day 3, 10, 7; a fifteen-day fast 2, 2, 1. His fast consists in taking only bread and water Hs 5, 3, 7. W. λειτουργεῖν τῷ κυρίῳ Ac 13:2 (EPeterson, Nuntius 2, ’49, 9f). Jesus and his disciples do not fast Mt 9:14; Mk 2:18; Lk 5:33 (HEbeling, D. Fastenfrage [Mk 2:18–22]: StKr 108, ’37/38, 387–96, but s. KSchäfer, Synopt. Studien [Wikenhauser Festschr.], ’53, 124–47; FCremer, D. Fastenansage Jesu, ’65). Right and wrong attitudes in fasting Mt 6:16–18. ν. νηστείαν observe a fast Hs 5, 1, 2f (s. νηστεία 2b). ν. τῷ θεῷ νηστείαν 5, 1, 4b; opp. ὸ̔ς ἂν μὴ νηστεύσῃ τὴν νηστείαν, θανάτῳ ἐξολεθρευθήσεται one who does not observe the fast-day shall pay the penalty of death 7:3 (s. νηστεία 2b). ν. τῷ θεῷ Hs 5, 1, 3; 5, 1, 4a; cp. 3:1 (Is 58:4). As an act pleasing to God (Hs 5, 3, 7), w. the pers. given, who is to profit from it: νηστεύετε ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς fast for those who persecute you D 1:3 (where Mt 5:44 has προσεύχεσθε.—Knopf, Hdb. ad loc.). Pious Israelites used to fast twice a week Lk 18:12, on Monday and Thursday (s. Schürer II 483f; Elbogen 126f; 225f; 533; 551; Billerb. on Lk 18:12), the Christians on Wednesday and Friday D 8:1.—ν. τὸν κόσμον Ox 1, verso 5–6 (ASyn. 54, 22; cp. GTh 27) has not yet been satisfactorily explained. Could it be taken fig. abstain from the world (see s.v. νηστεία 2b on Hs 5, 3, 6 and cp. Empedocles in Plut., Mor. 464b [Vorsokrat. I5 369, 17] νηστεῦσαι κακότητος; LWright, JBL 65, ’46, 180)?—B. 1483. DELG s.v. 1 νῆστις. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
43 φραγέλλιον
φραγέλλιον, ου, τό (Lat. loanw.: flagellum [Horace, Sat. 1, 3, 119 horribile flagellum], consisting of a thong or thongs, freq. with metal tips to increase the severity of the punishment. In the form φλαγέλλιον PLond II, 191, 11 p. 265 [II A.D.]; CWessely, WienerStud 24, 1902 p. 150. Loanw. in rabb. B-D-F §5, 1b; 41, 2; Mlt-H. 103; 396; Hahn 261; 265. The spelling φραγέλλιον [so e.g. SEG XLII, 1240, 4] is found only in very late sources) whip, lash made of ropes (far less lethal than the penal ‘flagellum’, s. next entry) J 2:15.—DELG. M-M.
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