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1 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
См. также в других словарях:
Incorporated — In‧cor‧po‧ra‧ted [ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪtd ǁ ɔːr ] abbreviation Inc adjective COMMERCE used after the name of a company in the US to show that it is a corporation * * * Incorporated UK US /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪtɪd/ adjective [after noun] … Financial and business terms
Incorporated — oder Inc. bezeichnet: einen Namenszusatz amerikanischer Unternehmen, siehe Gesellschaftsrecht der Vereinigten Staaten#Corporation einen Namenszusatz kanadischer Aktiengesellschaften, siehe Aktiengesellschaft (Kanada) ein Musikalbum des… … Deutsch Wikipedia
incorporated — incorporated; un·incorporated; … English syllables
incorporated — [in kôr′pə rāt΄id] adj. 1. combined into one body or unit; united 2. organized as a legal corporation [an incorporated town] … English World dictionary
Incorporated — In*cor po*ra ted, a. 1. United or combined together to form in one body. [1913 Webster] 2. Formed into a corporation and registered with a government body as such; made a legal entity. [1913 Webster +PJC] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
incorporated — index affiliated, associated, coadunate, coherent (joined), composite, compound, conjoint Burton … Law dictionary
incorporated — in|cor|po|ra|ted [ɪn kɔ:pəreɪtɪd ; engl. incorporated, zu: to incorporate = als Körperschaft (amtlich) eintragen]: engl. amerik. Bez. für: [als Aktiengesellschaft, im Handelsregister] eingetragen (Abk.: Inc.) * * * Incorporated [ɪn kɔːpəreɪtɪd … Universal-Lexikon
Incorporated — [[t]ɪnkɔ͟ː(r)pəreɪtɪd[/t]] ADJ: n ADJ Incorporated is used after a company s name to show that it is a legally established company in the United States. ...MCA Incorporated. ...Apple Computer Incorporated … English dictionary
Incorporated — Incorporate In*cor po*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Incorporated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Incorporating}.] [1913 Webster] 1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients, into one consistent mass. [1913 Webster] By your leaves, you shall not… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
incorporated — integrated integrated adj. 1. Formed or united into a whole. Syn: incorporate, incorporated, merged, unified. [WordNet 1.5] 2. Formed into a whole or introduced into another entity; as, an integrated Europe. Opposite of {nonintegrated}. [Narrower … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
incorporated — Combined with something else. Made or formed as a corporation. While the usual meaning of the term, as applied to an association of persons, imports that they have formed a corporation, as the word is used in a statute providing that every… … Ballentine's law dictionary
