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  • 121 λειτουργέω

    λειτουργέω impf. ἐλειτούργουν; fut. λειτουργήσω LXX; 1 aor. ἐλειτούργησα (cp. Att. λεώς = λαός, q.v. + ἐργον; X.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 12:6 v.l.; TestLevi 3:5, TestAsh 2:2; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; on the spelling s. Mayser 127; Mlt-H. 76f) gener. ‘perform a public service, serve in a public office’ (in the Gr-Rom. world distinguished citizens were expected to serve in a variety of offices, including esp. as high priests, with all costs that such service involved, or to assume the costs of construction or maintenance of public buildings and production of dramas and games; for their services they would be recognized as people of exceptional merit [s. ἀρετή] or benefactors [s. εὐεργέτης]; but the word is also used of less prestigious activity SEG XXVI, 1392, 31 supply carts and mules; New Docs 1, 42–44) in our lit. almost exclusively of religious and ritual services both in a wider and a more restricted sense (SIG 717, 23f [100 B.C.] ἐλειτούργησαν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ εὐτάκτως; 736, 73; 74f λειτουργούντω τοῖς θεοῖς; 97f [92 B.C.]; PLond I, 33a, 3 p. 19 [II B.C.]; 41 B, 1; UPZ 42, 2 [162 B.C.]; 47, 3; BGU 1006, 10; LXX; EpArist 87; Dssm., B 137 [BS 140f]; Anz 346f; Danker, Benefactor [lit.]). Through the use of this term NT writers suggest an aura of high status for those who render any type of service.
    ① to render special formal service, serve, render service, of cultic or ritual responsibilities
    ⓐ of priests and Levites in God’s temple (cp. Ex 28:35, 43; 29:30; Num 18:2; Sir 4:14; 45:15; Jdth 4:14; 1 Macc 10:42; Philo, Mos. 2, 152; Jos., Bell. 2, 409, Ant. 20, 218) abs. Hb 10:11. λ. τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ τοῦ θεοῦ perform services at the altar of God 1 Cl 32:2 (cp. Jo 1:9, 13); (w. ἱερατεύειν as Sir 45:15) λ. τῷ θεῷ 43:4; GJs 4:1 (1 Km 3:1).—Of Christian services ἐν τ. θυσιαστηρίῳ λ. τὸ θεῖον perform service to God at the altar Tit 1:9 v.l.—Of officials of Christian congregations: λ. ἁμέμπτως τῷ ποιμνίῳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ serve Christ’s flock blamelessly 1 Cl 44:3. Of supervisors Hs 9, 27, 3. Of supervisors and servers λ. τὴν λειτουργίαν τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων perform the service of prophets and teachers D 15:1 (s. b, below on Ac 13:2.—λειτ. λ. Demosth. 21, 154; oft. in LXX; also Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 82; SIG 409, 61).—Of angels (TestLevi 3:5) τῷ θελήματι αὐτοῦ (sc. θεοῦ) λειτουργοῦσιν παρεστῶτες they stand at (God’s) side and serve (God’s) will 1 Cl 34:5; cp. vs. 6 (Da 7:10 Theod.).
    ⓑ of other expression of religious devotion (Dionys. Hal. 2, 22, 2 ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν of the wives of priests and their children who perform certain rites that would not be approved for males) including prayer (w. νηστεύειν, and of the prophets and teachers) τ. κυρίῳ Ac 13:2. λ. τῷ θεῷ (cp. Jo 1:13b) Hm 5, 1, 2; cp. 3; Hs 7:6. Of OT worthies οἱ τελείως λειτουργήσαντες those who have rendered superb service to God 1 Cl 9:2.
    ② to confer a special material benefit, serve (X., Mem. 2, 7, 6; Chares Hist.: 125 Fgm. 4 p. 659, 28 Jac. [in Athen. 12, 54, 538e]; τῷ βίῳ λ. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 1 and 6) ἐν τοῖς σαρκικοῖς λ. do a service in material things Ro 15:27—On this entry and the foll. one s. Elbogen 5; 511; FOertel, D. Liturgie, 1917; NLewis, Inventory of Compulsory Services in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt ’68; WBrandt, D. Wortgruppe λειτουργεῖν im Hb u. 1 Kl: Jahrb. d. Theol. Schule Bethel 1, 1930, 145–76; OCasel, λειτουργία—munus: Oriens Christ. III 7, ’32, 289–302; EPeterson, Nuntius 2, ’49, 10f; ARomeo, Miscellanea Liturgica (LMohlberg Festschr.), vol. 2, ’49, 467–519; FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. ’72, 108ff.—S. λειτουργία, λειτουργικός, λειτουργός.—DELG s.v. λαός. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > λειτουργέω

  • 122 פתי

    פתי, פָּתָה(b. h.; cmp. פתח) 1) (to be open, wide,) to be accessible to influences, be compliant. Ex. R. s. 21 (ref. to Hos. 7:11) אצלי הם כיונה פוֹתָהוכ׳ towards me they are like a tame dove, whatever I decree over them, they do and obey, but towards the nations of the world they are intractable like wild beasts. 2) to open; trnsf. to influence, persuade, entice. Snh.38a (play on מי פתי Prov. 9:16) מי פְּתָאוֹ לזהוכ׳ who persuaded this man (Adam)? A woman spoke to him; (differ. in Yalk. Prov. 94 3).(Num. R. s. 7 ופותין read: ופוֹתְתִין, v. פָּתַת. Pi. פִּיתָּה (to open the heart of,) to persuade; 1) (in a good sense) to win, conquer. Lev. R. s. 29 (ref. to Ps. 89:16) שהם מכירין לפַתּוֹתוכ׳ they know how to win the favor of their Creator ; (Midr. Till. to Ps. 81 לרצות); Yalk. Ps. 840; Pesik. Baḥod., p. 152a>. Y.Kidd.III, 64c top מְפַתִּים אותו … וכופיןוכ׳ they (the court) persuade him to give her a letter of divorce, but they force him to ; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 71 פיתיתי, v. infra. 2) to gratify; to mislead by gratifying; to deceive. Lev. R. s. 6, beg. (ref. to יהפתית, Prov. 24:28) מאחר שפִּתִּיתֶם אותו בסיניוכ׳ after you gratified him at Sinai, saying (Ex. 24:7) Ib. מאחר שפִּתִּיתָ בשפתיךוכ׳ after thou hast gratified with thy lips (promised to appear as witness) and caused him to go to law; a. e.Deut. R. s. 7 (play on ובמ̇ופ̇ת̇ים, Deut. 4:34) היו המכות מְֹפַֹתֹּות אותםוכ׳ the plagues (by coming at intervals) deceived them (made the Egyptians believe every time that they were relieved forever); Midr. Till, to Ps. 78:43 מפיתית בהן ed. Bub. (oth. ed. שפותות בהן; corr. acc.). 3) to entice. Y.Snh.X, 28d the strong Moabite wine שהוא מְפַתֶּה הגנף לזנות which opens the body to lust; Num. R. s. 10, a. e., v. פְּתוּגְתָּא; a. fr.Esp. to seduce. Keth.III, 9 (41a) האומר פִּיתֵּיתִי אתוכ׳ if one declares, I have seduced that mans daughter. Ib. 4 המְפַתֶּה נותן the seducer pays three fines, opp. to אונס; a. fr.Y.Keth.III, 27b שהפיתתו, read: שהיא פִיתְּתוֹ when she seduced him. Pu. פּוּתָּה to be persuaded: to be seduced. Gen. R. s. 71; Yalk. ib. 127 פּוּתֵּיתִי (not פית׳), v. יָסַת.Part. f. מְפוּתָּה a seduced woman. Keth.39b; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְפַּתֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְפַּתֶּה 1) to be widened. Yalk. Is. 302 אף היא מִתְפַּתָּה … ומרחבתוכ׳ it (Gehenna), too, grows every day wider and broader and deeper (with ref. to תפתה, Is. 30:33). 2) to be persuaded; to be enticed. Gen. R. s. 17 מפני מה האיש נוח להִתְפַּתּוֹתוכ׳ why is man easily appeased and woman is not?; v. פִּיּוּס.Num. R. l. c. ע״י היין נִתְפַּתּוּ וזנו through wine they were enticed and i they committed whoredom. Erub.19a (play on תפתה, v. supra) כל המִתְפַּתֶּה ביצרו יפול שם whosoever is carried away by his evil desire falls into it (Gehenna). Yalk. Is. l. c.Keth.IV, 1 נערה שנִתְפַּתְּתָהוכ׳ if a young girl has been seduced (v. נַעֲרָה); a. fr. 3) to insinuate ones self, to make ones self popular. Esth. R. introd. (play on אפ̇ת̇ם, Ezra 4:13) אפי׳ דברים שהמלכות מִתְפַּתָּה בהםוכ׳ even with those things by which the (Roman) government makes itself popular, as theatres and circuses, it does harm.

    Jewish literature > פתי

  • 123 פתה

    פתי, פָּתָה(b. h.; cmp. פתח) 1) (to be open, wide,) to be accessible to influences, be compliant. Ex. R. s. 21 (ref. to Hos. 7:11) אצלי הם כיונה פוֹתָהוכ׳ towards me they are like a tame dove, whatever I decree over them, they do and obey, but towards the nations of the world they are intractable like wild beasts. 2) to open; trnsf. to influence, persuade, entice. Snh.38a (play on מי פתי Prov. 9:16) מי פְּתָאוֹ לזהוכ׳ who persuaded this man (Adam)? A woman spoke to him; (differ. in Yalk. Prov. 94 3).(Num. R. s. 7 ופותין read: ופוֹתְתִין, v. פָּתַת. Pi. פִּיתָּה (to open the heart of,) to persuade; 1) (in a good sense) to win, conquer. Lev. R. s. 29 (ref. to Ps. 89:16) שהם מכירין לפַתּוֹתוכ׳ they know how to win the favor of their Creator ; (Midr. Till. to Ps. 81 לרצות); Yalk. Ps. 840; Pesik. Baḥod., p. 152a>. Y.Kidd.III, 64c top מְפַתִּים אותו … וכופיןוכ׳ they (the court) persuade him to give her a letter of divorce, but they force him to ; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 71 פיתיתי, v. infra. 2) to gratify; to mislead by gratifying; to deceive. Lev. R. s. 6, beg. (ref. to יהפתית, Prov. 24:28) מאחר שפִּתִּיתֶם אותו בסיניוכ׳ after you gratified him at Sinai, saying (Ex. 24:7) Ib. מאחר שפִּתִּיתָ בשפתיךוכ׳ after thou hast gratified with thy lips (promised to appear as witness) and caused him to go to law; a. e.Deut. R. s. 7 (play on ובמ̇ופ̇ת̇ים, Deut. 4:34) היו המכות מְֹפַֹתֹּות אותםוכ׳ the plagues (by coming at intervals) deceived them (made the Egyptians believe every time that they were relieved forever); Midr. Till, to Ps. 78:43 מפיתית בהן ed. Bub. (oth. ed. שפותות בהן; corr. acc.). 3) to entice. Y.Snh.X, 28d the strong Moabite wine שהוא מְפַתֶּה הגנף לזנות which opens the body to lust; Num. R. s. 10, a. e., v. פְּתוּגְתָּא; a. fr.Esp. to seduce. Keth.III, 9 (41a) האומר פִּיתֵּיתִי אתוכ׳ if one declares, I have seduced that mans daughter. Ib. 4 המְפַתֶּה נותן the seducer pays three fines, opp. to אונס; a. fr.Y.Keth.III, 27b שהפיתתו, read: שהיא פִיתְּתוֹ when she seduced him. Pu. פּוּתָּה to be persuaded: to be seduced. Gen. R. s. 71; Yalk. ib. 127 פּוּתֵּיתִי (not פית׳), v. יָסַת.Part. f. מְפוּתָּה a seduced woman. Keth.39b; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְפַּתֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְפַּתֶּה 1) to be widened. Yalk. Is. 302 אף היא מִתְפַּתָּה … ומרחבתוכ׳ it (Gehenna), too, grows every day wider and broader and deeper (with ref. to תפתה, Is. 30:33). 2) to be persuaded; to be enticed. Gen. R. s. 17 מפני מה האיש נוח להִתְפַּתּוֹתוכ׳ why is man easily appeased and woman is not?; v. פִּיּוּס.Num. R. l. c. ע״י היין נִתְפַּתּוּ וזנו through wine they were enticed and i they committed whoredom. Erub.19a (play on תפתה, v. supra) כל המִתְפַּתֶּה ביצרו יפול שם whosoever is carried away by his evil desire falls into it (Gehenna). Yalk. Is. l. c.Keth.IV, 1 נערה שנִתְפַּתְּתָהוכ׳ if a young girl has been seduced (v. נַעֲרָה); a. fr. 3) to insinuate ones self, to make ones self popular. Esth. R. introd. (play on אפ̇ת̇ם, Ezra 4:13) אפי׳ דברים שהמלכות מִתְפַּתָּה בהםוכ׳ even with those things by which the (Roman) government makes itself popular, as theatres and circuses, it does harm.

    Jewish literature > פתה

  • 124 פָּתָה

    פתי, פָּתָה(b. h.; cmp. פתח) 1) (to be open, wide,) to be accessible to influences, be compliant. Ex. R. s. 21 (ref. to Hos. 7:11) אצלי הם כיונה פוֹתָהוכ׳ towards me they are like a tame dove, whatever I decree over them, they do and obey, but towards the nations of the world they are intractable like wild beasts. 2) to open; trnsf. to influence, persuade, entice. Snh.38a (play on מי פתי Prov. 9:16) מי פְּתָאוֹ לזהוכ׳ who persuaded this man (Adam)? A woman spoke to him; (differ. in Yalk. Prov. 94 3).(Num. R. s. 7 ופותין read: ופוֹתְתִין, v. פָּתַת. Pi. פִּיתָּה (to open the heart of,) to persuade; 1) (in a good sense) to win, conquer. Lev. R. s. 29 (ref. to Ps. 89:16) שהם מכירין לפַתּוֹתוכ׳ they know how to win the favor of their Creator ; (Midr. Till. to Ps. 81 לרצות); Yalk. Ps. 840; Pesik. Baḥod., p. 152a>. Y.Kidd.III, 64c top מְפַתִּים אותו … וכופיןוכ׳ they (the court) persuade him to give her a letter of divorce, but they force him to ; a. fr.Gen. R. s. 71 פיתיתי, v. infra. 2) to gratify; to mislead by gratifying; to deceive. Lev. R. s. 6, beg. (ref. to יהפתית, Prov. 24:28) מאחר שפִּתִּיתֶם אותו בסיניוכ׳ after you gratified him at Sinai, saying (Ex. 24:7) Ib. מאחר שפִּתִּיתָ בשפתיךוכ׳ after thou hast gratified with thy lips (promised to appear as witness) and caused him to go to law; a. e.Deut. R. s. 7 (play on ובמ̇ופ̇ת̇ים, Deut. 4:34) היו המכות מְֹפַֹתֹּות אותםוכ׳ the plagues (by coming at intervals) deceived them (made the Egyptians believe every time that they were relieved forever); Midr. Till, to Ps. 78:43 מפיתית בהן ed. Bub. (oth. ed. שפותות בהן; corr. acc.). 3) to entice. Y.Snh.X, 28d the strong Moabite wine שהוא מְפַתֶּה הגנף לזנות which opens the body to lust; Num. R. s. 10, a. e., v. פְּתוּגְתָּא; a. fr.Esp. to seduce. Keth.III, 9 (41a) האומר פִּיתֵּיתִי אתוכ׳ if one declares, I have seduced that mans daughter. Ib. 4 המְפַתֶּה נותן the seducer pays three fines, opp. to אונס; a. fr.Y.Keth.III, 27b שהפיתתו, read: שהיא פִיתְּתוֹ when she seduced him. Pu. פּוּתָּה to be persuaded: to be seduced. Gen. R. s. 71; Yalk. ib. 127 פּוּתֵּיתִי (not פית׳), v. יָסַת.Part. f. מְפוּתָּה a seduced woman. Keth.39b; a. fr. Hithpa. הִתְפַּתֶּה, Nithpa. נִתְפַּתֶּה 1) to be widened. Yalk. Is. 302 אף היא מִתְפַּתָּה … ומרחבתוכ׳ it (Gehenna), too, grows every day wider and broader and deeper (with ref. to תפתה, Is. 30:33). 2) to be persuaded; to be enticed. Gen. R. s. 17 מפני מה האיש נוח להִתְפַּתּוֹתוכ׳ why is man easily appeased and woman is not?; v. פִּיּוּס.Num. R. l. c. ע״י היין נִתְפַּתּוּ וזנו through wine they were enticed and i they committed whoredom. Erub.19a (play on תפתה, v. supra) כל המִתְפַּתֶּה ביצרו יפול שם whosoever is carried away by his evil desire falls into it (Gehenna). Yalk. Is. l. c.Keth.IV, 1 נערה שנִתְפַּתְּתָהוכ׳ if a young girl has been seduced (v. נַעֲרָה); a. fr. 3) to insinuate ones self, to make ones self popular. Esth. R. introd. (play on אפ̇ת̇ם, Ezra 4:13) אפי׳ דברים שהמלכות מִתְפַּתָּה בהםוכ׳ even with those things by which the (Roman) government makes itself popular, as theatres and circuses, it does harm.

    Jewish literature > פָּתָה

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