-
1 WITH
For the purpose of Neo-Quenya writing, the best translation of "with" (in the sense of "together with") is probably \#as, attested with a pronominal suffix (see below). A string of various prepositional elements meaning "with" are attested, but all are probably not meant to coexist in the same form of Quenya; rather Tolkien often changed his mind about the details. The preposition lé, le found in early material (QL:52) is probably best avoided in LotR-style Quenya (in which langauge le is rather the pronoun "you"). Tolkien later seems to be experimenting with yo and ó/o as words for "with"; yo hildinyar in SD:56 probably means *"with my heirs", and VT43:29 reproduces a table where various pronouns are suffixed to ó-, probably meaning "with" (óni *"with me", ólë *"with you", etc.) In the essay Quendi and Eldar, Tolkien assigns a dual meaning to ó- as a prefix; it was used "in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units" (WJ:367; cf. 361 regarding the underlying stem WO, said to be a dual adverb "together"). The plural equivalent of dual ó- is yo- (as in yomenië, WJ:407 cf. 361 regarding the underlying root JŌ), and it may seem to be this yo that occurs as an independent preposition in yo hildinyar in SD:56. The idea that ó- is a distinctly dual form does not appear in all sources; in VT43:29 we have forms like *ómë *"with us", implying at least three persons. In Tolkien's drafts for a Quenya rendering of the Hail Mary, he experimented with various prepositional elements for the phrase "with thee" (see VT43:29). A form carelyë was replaced with aselyë in the final version. Removing the ending -lyë "thee" and the connecting vowel before it leaves us with \#as as the word (or a word) for "with"; this is ultimately related to the conjunction ar "and" (see VT43:30, 47:31). – In English, the preposition "with" may also have an instrumental force, which is best rendered by the Quenya instrumental case (e.g. *nambanen "with [= using] a hammer").
См. также в других словарях:
Units (Unix) — Units is a Unix computer program for conversion of units of quantities. It has a database of measurements, including esoteric and historical measurements. This for instance allows conversion of velocities specified in furlongs per fortnight, and… … Wikipedia
Units x Valéncia — Units per Valencia Presidente Manuel Lapuente Monedero Secretario/a general Carles Choví Fundación Noviembre de 2008[1 … Wikipedia Español
Units of information — are a way of measuring a quantity of information or an entropy. Primary units Small amount of information just as logarithm of number of states.According to Shannon, The choice of a logarithmic base corresponds to the choice of a unit for… … Wikipedia
Units — es una aplicación informática para UNIX y derivados, utilizada para convertir unidades. En su versión 1.85 tiene soporte para 2.438 unidades, 71 prefijos y 32 unidades no lineales. Incluye algunas unidades de interés histórico y otras esotéricas; … Wikipedia Español
Units per al progrés — Président Jaume Ramond Fondé … Wikipédia en Français
Units of measurement — Weights and measures redirects here. For other uses, see Weights and measures (disambiguation). The former Weights and Measures office in Seven Sisters, London A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and… … Wikipedia
Units conversion by factor-label — Many, if not most, parameters and measurements in the physical sciences and engineering are expressed as a numerical quantity and a corresponding dimensional unit; for example: 1000 kg/m³, 100 kPa/bar, 50 miles per hour, 1000 Btu/lb. Converting… … Wikipedia
Units of Measure Directive — The Units of Measure Directive, sometimes referred to as the Metric Directive and more formally known as Council Directive 80/181/EEC of 20 December 1979 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to units of measurement and… … Wikipedia
Units of energy — Because energy is defined via work, the SI unit for energy is the same as the unit of work ndash; the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms … Wikipedia
Units of transportation measurement — The units of transportation measurement describes the units of measure to measure the quantity and traffic of transportation used in transportation statistics, planning, and their related fields. Units of Transportation Quantity The currently… … Wikipedia
Units of textile measurement — Textile is measured in various units, such as: the denier and tex (linear mass density of fibres), super S (fineness of wool fiber), worst count, and yield (the inverse of denier and tex). Yarn is spun thread used for knitting, weaving, or sewing … Wikipedia
