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1 auta-
1 vb. "go away, leave" leave the point of the speaker's thought; old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away to another place" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" WJ:366 2 vb. "invent, originate, devise" GAWA/GOWO This could be obsoleted by \# 1 above; on the other hand, the verbs would be quite distinct in the past tense, where auta- \#2 would likely have the straightforward form *autanë. -
2 ua-
negative verb not do, not be. If a verb is to be negated, ua coming before the verb receives any pronominal endings and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t, whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for I, one can thus have constructions like uan carë *I do not aorist, uan carnë *I did not past, uan cára *I am not doing present, uan caruva *I shall not do future. The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: \#ua aorist or present?, únë past, úva future, \#uië perfect the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n I. In archaic Quenya these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, I shall not do. In later Quenya, only the forms ua present or aorist and occasionally the past tense form \#únë were used in normal prose únen *I did not, was not. PE17:144; compare FS for úva as a future-tense negative verb will not -
3 hlar-
verb "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya. Since the original root is SLAS, this verb may have the past tense *hlassë for slansē in more classical forms of Quenya, perhaps re-formed as *hlarnë or *hlarrë, for hlazze in spoken Noldorin Quenya. Compare \#hriz- snow root SRIS with past tense hrinsë/hrissë, as well as Tolkien's remarks in PE19:99. -
4 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
5 fanta-
vb. "to veil, cloak, mantle" VT43:22, mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or that were brighter and more vivid PE17:174; according to Tolkien usually the strong past tense fánë and perfect afánië were used, but later also fantanë in the past tense and then perhaps *afantië in the perfect? PE17:179-180 Cf halya- q.v., the stem of which Tolkien contrasted with the stem of this verb PE17:184. -
6 ohtacar-
stem of the past tense ohtacárë -"káre" vb. "war-made", made war + allative = make war upon LR:47, SD:246; ohtacárië in LR:56. The past tense could probably also be *ohtacarnë with the better-attested pa.t. of car- make. -
7 nir-
vb. "press, thrust, force in a given direction" "Though applicable to the pressure of a person on others, by mind and 'will' as well as by physical strength, this verb could also be used of physical pressures exerted by inanimates." Given as a 1st person aorist nirin VT41:17. Pa.t. probably *nindë since the R of nir- was originally D the base is given as NID; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense -
8 har-
vb. "sit, stay", pl. present hárar in CO i hárar "those who sit, those who are sitting". Imperative hara in the phrase hara máriessë stay in happiness PE17:162. According to VT45:20, har- "sit" is derived from a stem KHAD which Tolkien abandoned in the Etymologies, but since CO is later than Etym, he may seem to have restored KHAD. If so, the past tense of har- would be *handë. -
9 yámë
adj.? "yawning" MC:214; cf. the stem YAG in the Etymologies. Not to be confused with the past tense of yam-. -
10 tyávë
noun "taste" pl. \#tyáver attested only in the compound lámatyáver, see lámatyávë. MR:215, 216. It may be that the verb tyav- would also appear as tyávë in the past tense. -
11 quámë
"q" noun "sickness" KWAM, sickness, nausea QL:76. Earlier material also gives quámë as the past tense of the related verb quama- vomit, be sick. -
12 carnë
adj. "red", scarlet, red SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources, not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir. -
13 handë
noun "knowledge, understanding, intelligence" KHAN. Note: *handë is probably also the past tense of the verb har- "sit". -
14 ser-
vb. "rest" 1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"; pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense -
15 tar-
3 vb. stand, attested in the past tense: tarnë PE17:71 -
16 lenta-
vb. "send", attested in the past tense with pronominal suffixes: lentanelyes "you sent him". Changed by Tolkien to \#lelta-, q.v. VT47:22, 21 -
17 cam-
vb. "receive" attested in the past tense \#camnë with pronominal endings added: camnelyes "you received it" VT47:21 -
18 tampë
noun "copper" LT1:268; in LotR-style Quenya tampë is also? the past tense of tap- "stop, block" pa.t. of tap-, q.v. TAP -
19 ascat-
vb. "break asunder", only attested in the past tense: ascantë SD:310 -
20 maquet-
vb. *"ask", only attested in the past tense: maquentë PM:403
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