-
1 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
См. также в других словарях:
in the hope of something — in the hope of sth | in the hope that… idiom (NAmE also in hopes that…) because you want sth to happen • I called early in the hope of catching her before she went to work. • He asked her again in the vain hope … Useful english dictionary
The Hope Blister — was an ambient band founded by Ivo Watts Russell, head of the 4AD Records label. The band was something of a continuation of the This Mortal Coil project, but with a fixed line up on ...smile s OK and focusing on cover versions. Following the… … Wikipedia
The Destruction of Everything is the Beginning of Something New — Infobox Album | Name = The Destruction of Everything is the Beginning of Something New Type = Album Artist = Adair Released = February 21, 2006 Recorded = 2005 Genre = Hard Rock Length = Label = Warcon Enterprises Producer = Allan Hessler Reviews … Wikipedia
in the hope of/that — in (the) hope of/that (or in hopes of/that) : with the hope that something will happen or could happen He returned to the crime scene in (the) hope of finding further evidence. He waited in hopes that she would show up. • • • Main Entry: ↑hope … Useful english dictionary
in the neighborhood of something — (somewhere) in the neighborhood of (something) about or approximately. The size of the library is in the neighborhood of 5,000 books. We hope to get somewhere in the neighborhood of $150,000 for our house. Usage notes: used before a number and… … New idioms dictionary
for the sake of something — 1) for the purpose of doing, getting, or achieving something for the sake of something: I hope you re not doing this just for the sake of the money. for something s sake: For clarity s sake, I d like to reword my statement. 2) for the sake of… … English dictionary
blow the whistle on something — blow the whistle (on (someone/something)) to show to the public dangerous conditions or illegal activities. I knew my company was polluting the water, but I was afraid I would lose my job if I blew the whistle on it. Usage notes: usually… … New idioms dictionary
pave the way for something — pave the way for (something) to be a preparation which will make it possible for something to happen in the future. Scientists hope that data from this expedition will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars … New idioms dictionary
in the hope that — in the hope that/of/ phrase wanting something to happen Police are carrying out house to house enquiries in the hope of finding the missing girl. Thesaurus: wanting or needing somethingsynonym Main entry: hope … Useful english dictionary
in the hope of — in the hope that/of/ phrase wanting something to happen Police are carrying out house to house enquiries in the hope of finding the missing girl. Thesaurus: wanting or needing somethingsynonym Main entry: hope … Useful english dictionary
somewhere in the neighborhood of something — (somewhere) in the neighborhood of (something) about or approximately. The size of the library is in the neighborhood of 5,000 books. We hope to get somewhere in the neighborhood of $150,000 for our house. Usage notes: used before a number and… … New idioms dictionary
