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41 McNeill, Sir James McFadyen
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 19 August 1892 Clydebank, Scotlandd. 24 July 1964 near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish naval architect, designer of the Cunard North Atlantic Liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth.[br]McNeill was born in Clydebank just outside Glasgow, and was to serve that town for most of his life. After education at Clydebank High School and then at Allan Glen's in Glasgow, in 1908 he entered the shipyard of John Brown \& Co. Ltd as an apprentice. He was encouraged to matriculate at the University of Glasgow, where he studied naval architecture under the (then) unique Glasgow system of "sandwich" training, alternately spending six months in the shipyard, followed by winter at the Faculty of Engineering. On graduating in 1915, he joined the Army and by 1918 had risen to the rank of Major in the Royal Field Artillery.After the First World War, McNeill returned to the shipyard and in 1928 was appointed Chief Naval Architect. In 1934 he was made a local director of the company. During the difficult period of the 1930s he was in charge of the technical work which led to the design, launching and successful completion of the great liners Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth. Some of the most remarkable ships of the mid-twentieth century were to come from this shipyard, including the last British battleship, HMS Vanguard, and the Royal Yacht Britannia, completed in 1954. From 1948 until 1959, Sir James was Managing Director of the Clydebank part of the company and was Deputy Chairman by the time he retired in 1962. His public service was remarkable and included chairmanship of the Shipbuilding Conference and of the British Ship Research Association, and membership of the Committee of Lloyd's Register of Shipping.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1954. CBE 1950. FRS 1948. President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1947–9. Honorary Vice-President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects. Military Cross (First World War).Bibliography1935, "Launch of the quadruple-screw turbine steamer Queen Mary", Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects 77:1–27 (in this classic paper McNeill displays complete mastery of a difficult subject; it is recorded that prior to launch the estimate for travel of the ship in the River Clyde was 1,194 ft (363.9 m), and the actual amount recorded was 1,196 ft (364.5m)!).FMWBiographical history of technology > McNeill, Sir James McFadyen
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42 Reynolds, Edwin
[br]b. 1831 Mansfield, Connecticut, USAd. 1909 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA[br]American contributor to the development of the Corliss valve steam engine, including the "Manhattan" layout.[br]Edwin Reynolds grew up at a time when formal engineering education in America was almost unavailable, but through his genius and his experience working under such masters as G.H. Corliss and William Wright, he developed into one of the best mechanical engineers in the country. When he was Plant Superintendent for the Corliss Steam Engine Company, he built the giant Corliss valve steam engine displayed at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. In July 1877 he left the Corliss Steam Engine Company to join Edward Allis at his Reliance Works, although he was offered a lower salary. In 1861 Allis had moved his business to the Menomonee Valley, where he had the largest foundry in the area. Immediately on his arrival with Allis, Reynolds began desig-ning and building the "Reliance-Corliss" engine, which becamea symbol of simplicity, economy and reliability. By early 1878 the new engine was so successful that the firm had a six-month backlog of orders. In 1888 he built the first triple-expansion waterworks-pumping engine in the United States for the city of Milwaukee, and in the same year he patented a new design of blowing engine for blast furnaces. He followed this in March 1892 with the first steam engine sets coupled directly to electric generators when Allis-Chalmers contracted to build two Corliss cross-compound engines for the Narragansett Light Company of Providence, Rhode Island. In 1893, one of the impressive attractions at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) quadruple-expansion Reynolds-Corliss engine designed by Reynolds, who continued to make significant improvements and gained worldwide recognition of his outstanding achievements in engine building.Reynolds was asked to go to New York in 1898 for consultation about some high-horsepower engines for the Manhattan transport system. There, 225 railway locomotives were to be replaced by electric trains, which would be supplied from one generating station producing 60,000 hp (45,000 kW). Reynolds sketched out his ideas for 10,000 hp (7,500 kW) engines while on the train. Because space was limited, he suggested a four-cylinder design with two horizontal-high-pressure cylinders and two vertical, low-pressure ones. One cylinder of each type was placed on each side of the flywheel generator, which with cranks at 135° gave an exceptionally smooth-running compact engine known as the "Manhattan". A further nine similar engines that were superheated and generated three-phase current were supplied in 1902 to the New York Interborough Rapid Transit Company. These were the largest reciprocating steam engines built for use on land, and a few smaller ones with a similar layout were installed in British textile mills.[br]Further ReadingConcise Dictionary of American Biography, 1964, New York: C.Scribner's Sons (contains a brief biography).R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (provides a brief account of the Manhattan engines) Part of the information for this biography is derived from a typescript in the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: T.H.Fehring, "Technological contributions of Milwaukee's Menomonee Valley industries".RLH
См. также в других словарях:
Quadruple time — Quadruple Quad ru*ple, a. [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F. quadruple. See {Quadrate}, and cf. {Double}.] Fourfold; as, to make quadruple restitution; a quadruple alliance. [1913 Webster] {Quadruple time} (Mus.), that in which each… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
quadruple time — noun a time signature indicating four beats to the bar • Syn: ↑common time, ↑four four time, ↑common measure • Hypernyms: ↑musical time * * * Music. 1. a measure consisting of four beats or pulses with accent on the first and third. 2. t … Useful english dictionary
simple quadruple time — noun A meter or rhythm with four beats to a measure and four beats to a whole note. Specifically common time … Wiktionary
quadruple time — Music. 1. a measure consisting of four beats or pulses with accent on the first and third. 2. the rhythm created by use of this measure. [1895 1900] * * * … Universalium
quadruple time — /kwɒˈdrupəl taɪm / (say kwo droohpuhl tuym) noun Music 1. a measure consisting of four beats or pulses with accent on the first and third. 2. the rhythm created by use of this measure …
Quadruple — Quad ru*ple, a. [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F. quadruple. See {Quadrate}, and cf. {Double}.] Fourfold; as, to make quadruple restitution; a quadruple alliance. [1913 Webster] {Quadruple time} (Mus.), that in which each measure is… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
quadruple — [kwä dro͞o′pəl, kwədro͞o′pəl; kwä′drə pəl] adj. [MFr < L quadruplus < quadru (see QUADRUPED) + plus, as in duplus: see DOUBLE] 1. consisting of or including four 2. four times as much or as many; fourfold 3. Music containing four beats to… … English World dictionary
quadruple measure — or quadruple time, 1. a musical measure of four beats with an accent on the first and third. 2. this rhythm … Useful english dictionary
quadruple — quad‧ru‧ple [ˈkwɒdrʊpl, kwɒˈdruː ǁ kwɑːˈdruː ] verb [intransitive, transitive] to increase or make something increase by four times: • Pre tax profits have more than quadrupled from £5 million to over £20 million. • OPEC quadrupled the price of… … Financial and business terms
quadruple — ► ADJECTIVE 1) consisting of four parts or elements. 2) four times as much or as many. 3) (of time in music) having four beats in a bar. ► VERB ▪ increase or be increased fourfold. ► NOUN ▪ a quadruple number or amount … English terms dictionary
Time signature — Common time redirects here. For the short story, see Common Time. Simple example of a 34 time signature: here there are three quarter notes per measure. The time signature (also known as meter signature) is a notational convention used in Western … Wikipedia
