in+one+operation

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1. ( при ходьбе) pace, step

2. (ступень, стадия в работе машины или механизма) step

3. (резьбы, зубьев, воздушного и гребного винта) pitch

переводи́ть (возду́шный винт) на большо́й шаг — put (the propeller) in coarse pitch

переводи́ть (возду́шный винт) на ма́лый шаг — put (the propeller) in fine pitch

увели́чивать шаг (возду́шного винта́) — put (the propeller) in coarse pitch

уменьша́ть шаг (возду́шного винта́) — put (the propeller) in fine pitch

4. ( интервал) spacing

5. ( операция программы) вчт. step

выполня́ть шаг — execute [perform] a step

выполня́ть шаг по кома́нде [сигна́лу] ручно́го управле́ния — perform a step in response to a manual operation

иниции́ровать шаг — cause a computer to execute one operation

большо́й шаг маш. — coarse pitch

шаг винта́ — lead of a screw

шаг винтово́й ли́нии — lead of a helix

шаг возду́шного винта́ — propeller pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, геометри́ческий — geometric(al) pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, динами́ческий — zero-thrust pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, изменя́емый — variable pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, отрица́тельный — negative [reverse] pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, переставно́й — adjustable pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, реверси́вный — reversible pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, тормозя́щий — braking pitch

шаг возду́шного винта́, флю́герный — feathered pitch

шаг гребно́го винта́, геометри́ческий — geometric(al) pitch

шаг гребно́го винта́, гидродинами́ческий — hydrodynamic pitch

шаг гребно́го винта́, конструкти́вный — design pitch

шаг гребно́го винта́, номина́льный — nominal pitch

шаг гребно́го винта́, эффекти́вный — effective [virtual] pitch

шаг ди́сков ( дисковой бороны) — spacing of disks

шаг зада́ния вчт. — job step

возобновля́ть шаг зада́ния — restart a job step

выбира́ть шаг зада́ния ( для выполнения) — select a job step (for execution)

выполня́ть шаг зада́ния — execute a job step

заверши́ть шаг зада́ния — complete a job step

иниции́ровать шаг зада́ния — initiate a job step

опуска́ть шаг зада́ния — bypass a job step

прекраща́ть шаг зада́ния — terminate a job step

присва́ивать ша́гу зада́ния устро́йств вво́да-вы́вода — allocate I/ O devices for [to] a job step

пропуска́ть шаг зада́ния — skip a job step

шаг заклё́почного соедине́ния — pitch of rivets, rivet spacing, centre-to-centre spacing of rivets

шаг зацепле́ния — pitch of a gear

шаг зацепле́ния, диаметра́льный — diametral pitch of a gear

шаг зацепле́ния, окружно́й — circular pitch of a gear

шаг зацепле́ния, основно́й — base pitch

шаг зацепле́ния по хо́рде дели́тельной окру́жности — chord(al) pitch of a gear

шаг зу́бьев — tooth pitch

шаг инду́кции мат. — induction step

шаг интегри́рования — integration step

итерати́вный шаг мат., вчт. — iteration

шаг ка́дра ( в кинематографе) — pull-down

шаг кату́шки эл. — coil pitch

шаг квантова́ния по амплиту́де — quantization step

шаг квантова́ния по вре́мени — sampling interval

шаг колле́ктора эл. — commutator pitch

шаг конта́ктов — contact spacing

шаг кристалли́ческой решё́тки — crystal lattice spacing

кру́пный шаг маш. — coarse pitch

ма́лый шаг маш. — fine pitch

ме́лкий шаг маш. — fine pitch

шаг обмо́тки эл. — winding pitch

шаг оплете́ния рез. — pitch of braiding

шаг отве́рстий ( в перфоленте) — row pitch

шаг па́льцев ( режущего аппарата) с.-х. — finger spacing

шаг пилы́ — tooth spacing

шаг пода́чи ( в фототелеграфе) — line advance (Примечание. В англо-американской литературе line advance — величина, обратная величине, принятой в советской литературе.)

шаг подвига́ния горн. — web

шаг подвига́ния подры́вки горн. — ripping web

шаг по колле́ктору эл. — commutator pitch

по́люсный шаг эл. — pole pitch

шаг полюсо́в эл. — pole pitch

шаг по норма́ли к эвольве́нте маш. — normal pitch of the involute

попере́чный шаг маш. — back [transverse] pitch

шаг поса́дки кро́вли стр. — spacing of roof breaks

про́бный шаг ( в градиентных методах оптимизации) — exploratory step, exploratory move

возобновля́ть про́бный шаг — resume an exploratory step

прекраща́ть про́бный шаг — discontinue an exploratory step

продо́льный шаг маш. — long pitch

шаг пупиниза́ции свз. — (loading) coil spacing

рабо́чий шаг ( в градиентных методах оптимизации) — pattern step, pattern move

шаг разбие́ния мат. — subinterval

шаг развё́ртки ( в фототелеграфе) — line advance (Примечание. В англо-американской литературе line advance измеряется в линиях на единицу длины. В советской литературе — длиной на линию.)

шаг ра́зности мат. — difference interval

шаг распределе́ния мат. — span of a distribution, distribution step

шаг резьбы́ маш. — pitch of a (screw) thread, thread pitch

шаг сварны́х то́чек — pitch of a spot weld

шаг скру́тки ( кабеля) — lay [pitch] of a strand

шаг соедине́ния — pitch of a joint

шаг спира́ли — lead of a helix

шаг сре́дней винтово́й ли́нии ( не путать с ша́гом резьбы́) — lead of a screw thread (not to be confused with the pitch of a (screw) thread)

шаг табли́цы — spacing [step] of a table

шаг транспози́ции эл., свз. — transposition interval

шаг ходово́го винта́ маш. — lead-screw pitch

шаг це́пи маш. — chain pitch, pitch of a chain

SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines

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Jonathan came from a family with an engineering tradition: his grandfather Joseph had worked under Thomas Newcomen. Jonathan was the sixth child in a family of thirteen whose names all began with "J". In 1781 he was living at Penryn, Cornwall and described himself as a plumber, brazier and engineer. As early as 1776, when he wished to amuse himself by making a small st-eam engine, he wanted to make something new and wondered if the steam would perform more than one operation in an engine. This was the foundation for his compound engine. He worked on engines in Cornwall, and in 1778 was Engineer at the Ting Tang mine where he helped Boulton \& Watt erect one of their engines. He was granted a patent in 1781 and in that year tried a large-scale experiment by connecting together two engines at Wheal Maid. Very soon John Winwood, a partner in a firm of iron founders at Bristol, acquired a share in the patent, and in 1782 an engine was erected in a colliery at Radstock, Somerset. This was probably not very successful, but a second was erected in the same area. Hornblower claimed greater economy from his engines, but steam pressures at that time were not high enough to produce really efficient compound engines. Between 1790 and 1794 ten engines with his two-cylinder arrangement were erected in Cornwall, and this threatened Boulton \& Watt's near monopoly. At first the steam was condensed by a surface condenser in the bottom of the second, larger cylinder, but this did not prove very successful and later a water jet was used. Although Boulton \& Watt proceeded against the owners of these engines for infringement of their patent, they did not take Jonathan Hornblower to court. He tried a method of packing the piston rod by a steam gland in 1781 and his work as an engineer must have been quite successful, for he left a considerable fortune on his death.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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To give a smooth surface to cloth such as the old English broadcloth, the nap was raised and then sheared off. Hand-operated shears of enormous size were used to cut the fibres that stuck up when the cloth was laid over a curved table top. Great skill was required to achieve a smooth finish. Various attempts, such as that in 1784 by James Harmer, a clergyman of Sheffield, were made to mechanize the process by placing several pairs of shears in a frame and operating them by cranks, but success was not achieved. Samuel G. Dow of Albany, New York, patented a rotary shearer in England in 1794, and there was Samuel Dore in the same year too. John Lewis never claimed that he invented the rotary cutter, and it is possible that he made have seen drawings or actual examples of these earlier machines. His claim in his patent of 1815 was that, for the first time, he brought together a number of desirable features in one machine for shearing cloth to achieve the first really successful example. The local story in the Stroudwater district in Gloucestershire is that Lewis obtained this idea from Budding, who as a lad worked for the Lewis family, clothiers at Brinscombe Mills; Budding invented a lawn mower with rotary barrel blades that works on the same principle, patenting it in 1830. In the shearing machine, the cloth was moved underneath the blades, which could be of the same width so that only one operation was needed for each side. Other inventors had similar ideas, and a Stroud engineer, Stephen Price, took out a patent a month after Lewis did. These machines spread quickly in the Gloucestershire textile industry, and by 1830 hand-shearing was extinct. John Lewis was the son of Joseph, who had inherited the Brinscombe Mills in 1790 but must have died before 1815, when his children mortgaged the property for £12,000. Joseph's three sons, George, William and John, worked the mill for a time, but in 1840 William was there alone.

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SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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A farmer's son, at the age of 17 McKay developed modifications to the existing stripper harvester and created a machine that would not only strip the seed from standing corn, but was able to produce a threshed, winnowed and clean sample in one operation. The prototype was produced in 1884 and worked well on the two acres of wheat that had been set aside on the family farm. By arrangement with a Melbourne plough maker, five machines were made and sold for the 1885 season. In 1886 the McKay Harvester Company was formed, with offices at Ballarat, from which the machines, built by various companies, were sold. The business expanded quickly, selling sixty machines in 1888, and eventually rising to the production of nearly 2,000 harvesters in 1905. The name "Sunshine" was given to the harvester, and the "Sun" prefix was to appear on all other implements produced by the company as it diversified its production interests. In 1902 severe drought reduced machinery sales and left 2,000 harvesters unsold. McKay was forced to look to export markets to dispose of his surplus machines. By 1914 a total of 10,000 machines were being exported annually. During the First World War McKay was appointed to the Business Board of the Defence Department. Increases in the scale of production resulted in the company moving to Melbourne, where it was close to the port of entry of raw materials and was able to export the finished article more readily. In 1909 McKay produced one of the first gas-engined harvesters, but its cost prevented it from being more than an experimental prototype. By this time McKay was the largest agricultural machinery manufacturer in the Southern hemisphere, producing a wide range of implements, including binders. In 1916 McKay hired Headlie Taylor, who had developed a machine capable of harvesting fallen crops. The jointly developed machine was a major success, coming as it did in what would otherwise have been a disastrous Australian harvest. Further developments included the "Sun Auto-header" in 1923, the first of the harvesting machines to adopt the "T" configuration to be seen on modern harvesters. The Australian market was expanding fast and a keen rivalry developed between McKay and Massey Harris. Confronted by the tariff regulations with which the Australian Government had protected its indigenous machinery industry since 1906, Massey Harris sold all its Australian assets to the H.V. McKay company in 1930. Twenty-three years later Massey Ferguson acquired the old Sunshine works and was still operating from there in the 1990s.

Despite a long-running history of wage disputes with his workforce, McKay established a retiring fund as well as a self-help fund for distressed cases. Before his death he created a charitable trust and requested that some funds should be made available for the "aerial experiments" which were to lead to the establishment of the Flying Doctor Service.

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Adhesive bonding both seals and joins in one operation.

Automation: one-operation machining

Automation: one-operation machining

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Adhesive bonding both seals and joins in one operation.

the period required to change a workstation from a state of readiness for one operation to a state of readiness for another

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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Hiram Moore was the son of a New England stonemason. In 1831 he moved to West Michigan to farm, and he and his two brothers settled in Climax in Kalamazoo County.

Stimulated by a conversation with his neighbour, John Hascall, Moore made a model harvesting machine, which he patented in 1834. By the following year he had built a full-scale machine, but it broke down very quickly. In 1835 he successfully harvested 3 acres left standing for the purpose. Each year alterations and additions were made to the machine, and by 1839 over 50 acres were successfully harvested and threshed in the one operation by the Moore-Hascall machine.

During further developments which took place in the 1840s, Moore sold much of his interest to Senator Lucius Lyon. By the late 1840s this source of funding was no longer available, and attempts to extend the patent became embroiled in similar attempts by McCormick and Hussey and were blocked by rural pressures stemming from the fear that high machinery prices would ensue if the patents continued.

Discouraged, Moore moved to Brandon, Wisconsin, where he farmed 600 acres. He was still developing various machines, but was no longer actively involved in the development of the combine harvester. He continued to work his own machine, with which he would cut just a few acres each year.

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= one-room, one-person operation

Ex. From 1892 to 1932, this small library was directed by Genevieve Walton, who developed a one-room, one-person operation into a fully-fledged academic library.

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