ibi+caput+atque+a

dē-fendo, fendī, fēnsum, ere (de und *fendo, vgl. offendo), wegstoßen, I) fernhaltend, abwehrend = fernhalten, abhalten, abwehren, abweisen, einer Sache Einhalt tun, def. ictus ac repellere (v. Tüchern), Caes.: nimios solis ardores (v. Weinstocke), Cic.: frigus (v. der Toga), Hor.: inopiam in egenis rebus (v. Getreide), Col.: def. bellum, defensiv verfahren (Ggstz. inferre bellum), Caes.: iniuriam, Cic.: non def. iniuriam neque propulsare, Cic.: def. civium pericula, Cic. – m. Abl. wodurch? def. ignem culmo aut fronde, Sen.: omnes res, quibus ignis iactus et lapides defendi possunt, Caes.: cum vi vis illata defenditur, Cic. – mit Dat. wem? iniuriam his foribus (Dat.), Plaut.: solstitium pecori, Verg.: alci dominae infames noctes, Prop. – mit ab u. Abl. wovon? palliolo frigus a capite, Rutil. Lup.: hostes a pinnis facillime, Claud. Quadrig. fr.: proximus a tectis ignis defenditur aegre, Ov. – mit pro u. Abl., vim suorum (= suis illatam) pro suo periculo, anstatt der eigenen G. = ganz wie ihre eigene G., Caes. b. c. 3, 110, 4. – absol. = Einhalt tun (bei einem Brande), Tac. ann. 15, 38. Suet. Ner. 43, 1.

II) verteidigend = verteidigen, schützen, aufrecht erhalten, erretten, bewahren (dah. verb. tueri et defendere, def. ac tegere, def. et protegere; Ggstz. oppugnare, impugnare, bekämpfen, deserere, im Stiche lassen), 1) im allg.: α) übh.: def. alqm, Caes.: se, Val. Max.: sui defendendi causā telo uti, Cic.: def. domini caput, Cic.: domum ac penates suos illo oppugnante, Cic.: rem publicam, Cic. – mit Abl. womit? def. iure se potius quam armis, Cic.: se telo, Cic.: sua tecta custodiis vigiliisque, Cic.: aedes Vestae vix defensa est (gegen den Brand geschützt) tredecim maxime servorum operā, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl. wovor? prata a pecore, Col.: vestes a tineis (von Kräutern), Plin.: teneras a frigore myrtos, Verg.: gladio se a multitudine, Sall.: infantem a feris alitibusque, Iustin.: vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque, Cic.: alqm ab eo periculo, Cic.: alqm ab iniuria alcis, Caes. – im Passiv, quid a Pyrrho, Hannibale Philippoque et Antonio defensum est (gerettet, bewahrt worden) aliud quam libertas etc., Sall. hist. fr. 1, 41 (45), 4. – ohne Objekt, quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit, Caes. – ganz absol., duo adulescentes filii, qui et sentire et defendere (sich zur Wehr setzen) facile possent, Cic. Rosc. Am. 64. – quasi ibi plus possit audacia, ubi ad defendendum opes minores sunt, wo die Verteidigungsmittel geringer sind, Sall. – β) als milit. t. t.: def. Caesarem, Caes.: Aeduos, Caes.: castra, Caes.: moenia, Sall.: moenia ipsa sese defendebant, Liv. – m. Abl. womit? def. se armis, se manu, Caes.: urbem captam non ferro defendisse (zu verteidigen gesucht haben), sed auro redemisse, Iustin. – m. contra od. adversu s u. Akk., senatum contra Antonium (v. den röm. Legionen ), Cic.: se armis adversus Abrupolim, socium populi Romani, Liv. – mit ab u. Abl. wovor? wogegen? se suaque ab iis, Caes.: castra ab hostibus duplici fossā, Hirt. b. G.: per hunc illa (Macedonia) a Thracum adventu ac depopulatione defensa est, Cic. – ohne Objekt, etiamsi ab hoste defendant, Cic. – ganz absol. = sich zur Wehr setzen, cum iam defenderet nemo, Caes.: oppidum paucis defendentibus (obgleich nur usw.) expugnare non potuit, Caes.

2) durch Rede od. Schrift eine Person od. deren Sache verteidigen, in Schutz nehmen, verfechten, vertreten, sich jmds. od. einer Sache annehmen, sich für jmd. od. etw. verwenden, jmd. od. etw. rechtfertigen, a) gegen Angriffe, Beeinträchtigung, Beschuldigung, Anklage usw., bes. v. Patron, Vertreter, α) übh., sowohl im Privat- als auch im Staatsleben (Ggstz. impugnare, oppugnare), utrum impugnatis plebem an defenditis, Liv.: Nysaeos diligentissime tueri ac defendere, Cic.: acta illa Caesaris, quae neque oppugnavi antea neque defendi, Cic.: def. optimatium partes, Suet.: eius (provinciae) iura fortunasque, Cic. – m. contra u. Akk., alqm contra inimicos suos, Cic.: suam salutem contra illius impetum (Ausfall) in se crudelissimum, Cic. – m. adversus u. Akk., se adversus populum Romanum (dem röm. V. gegen über), Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13. – m. folg. ut u. Konj., me id maxime defendisse, ut ii vincerent, qui vicerunt, Cic.: mihi in Cumano diligentissime se, ut annui essemus, defensurum receperat, Cic. – β) als gerichtl. t. t., vor Gericht, sowohl den Kläger usw. gegen Beeinträchtigung als den Beklagten usw. gegen Beschuldigung, Anklage (Ggstz. accusare), def. homines sublevareque, Cic.: amicum, Cic.: Sex. Roscium parricidii reum, Cic.: provinciam Siciliam totam, Cic.: vitam salutemque totius provinciae, Cic.: def. tabulas testamenti, Val. Max.: rem M. Tullii, Cic.: P. Sullae causam, Cic.: P. Sullae innocentiam, Cic.: iustitiam (die G. = den Gerechten), Cic.: improbitatem, Cic. – u. def. crimen, eine Anklage, einen Anklagepunkt verteidigen = (durch Verteidigungsgründe) widerlegen, sich od. (v. Anwalt) den Beklagten von einer Beschuldigung reinigen, gegen eine B. rechtfertigen (v. Beklagten od. dessen Verteidiger [Ggstz. probare crimen, v. Ankläger]; vgl. Drak. Liv. 38, 49, 6), zB. crimen navale, Cic.: crimen istius coniurationis, Cic.: insidiarum Eumeni factarum crimen et maximā curā et minime probabiliter, Liv.: ebenso noxiam, Ter. Phorm. 225. – m. nähern Angaben, alqm de ambitu, Cic.: alqm in iudiciis, Nep.: alqm in capitis periculo, Cic.: D. Matrinium apud M. Iunium Q. Publicium praetores, Cic.: regem contra atrocissimum crimen, Cic.: contra hunc iudicio privato causam alcis, Cic.: causam istam contra (im Widerspruche mit) facta tua et contra scripta, Cic.: orabat, ut te contra suum patrem, si sestertium sexagiens peteret, defenderem, Cic.: alqm adversus Hiempsalem regem enixe, Suet.: alqm adversus petentem doli mali exceptione, Gaius inst.: adversus hanc actionem non defendi, Gaius inst.: neque in ea (defensione) factum ipsum per se defenditur, sed ex aliqua utilitate aut rei publicae aut hominum multorum aut etiam ipsius adversarii, Quint. – dah. prägn. = zu seiner Verteidigung( Rechtfertigung) sagen, zu seiner Verteidigung od. Rechtfertigung ( als Verteidigungsgrund) vorbringen od. anführen od. erklären, zu seiner Verteidigung ( Rechtfertigung) behaupten od. geltend machen, die Sache od. sich mit dem u. dem zu rechtfertigen suchen (vgl. Halm Cic. Mur. 5. Fabri Liv. 21, 18, 2. Madvig Emend. Liv. p. 384), tu mihi ita defendas: ›non est ista Verri numerata pecunia‹, Cic. – m. allg. Acc. des Neutr. eines Pronom., haec te dicere aequum fuit et id defendere, Ter.: quid enim defendit? Cic.: provideo enim, quid sit defensurus Hortensius, Cic.: cui si etiam id, quod defendit, velim concedere, tamen etc., Cic. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., id aliorum exemplo se fecisse defendit, Cic.: hoc recte ac iure factum esse defendit, Cic.: ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum, sed principi paruisse (se) defendebat, Tac.: hunc tu igitur imperatorem esse defendis? Cic. – im Passiv m. Nom. u. Infin., necessitudo autem infertur, cum vi quādam reus id, quod fecerit, fecisse defenditur, wenn zur Verteidigung des Beklagten gesagt wird, er habe usw., Cic. de inv. 2, 98.

b) eine Behauptung, Ansicht gegen Widerspruch u. Mißbilligung verteidigen, verfechten, behaupten, nachweisen od. nachzuweisen suchen (Ggstz. oppugnare, improbare, repudiare), def. sententiam, Cic.: rem def. in suis disputationibus (Ggstz. oppugnare), Cic.: haec improbantur a Peripateticis, a Stoicis defenduntur, Cic.: haec ipsa, quae a me defenduntur, didicit apud Philonem tam diu, Cic. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., quasi vero ille (Plato) aut factum id esse aut fieri potuisse defendat, Cic.: utilitatem ex laude nasci defendet, Cic.: im Passiv, gravissime et verissime defenditur numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse seiungi, Cic. – mit folg. indir. Fragesatz, quae cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere (nachzuweisen), Cic. de fin. 2, 117.

B) übtr.: 1) eine Stellung, Obliegenheit, Rolle behaupten, einnehmen, durchführen, ne locum suum, quem adhuc honestissime defendit, obtineat, Cic.: def. commune officium censurae, Cic.: actorum partes officiumque virile (v. Chor in der Tragödie), Hor.: vicem rhetoris atque poëtae, Hor.: semper alterum in acie cornu defenderat, hatte befehligt, Curt. – 2) als jurist. t. t., etwas gerichtlich in Anspruch nehmen, hereditatem ex testamento sibi, ICt.: usum fructum, possessionem, ICt.: alqm in libertatem, einen (Sklaven) für frei erklärt wissen wollen, ICt. – od. etw. gerichtlich anhängig machen, gerichtlich verfolgen, mortem od. necem alcis, ICt. – / Parag. Infin. defendier, Verg. Aen. 8, 493. Iuven. 15, 157. Sulpiciae sat. 51.

    agō ēgī, āctus (old inf pass. agier), ere    [1 AG-], to put in motion, move, lead, drive, tend, conduct: bos Romam acta, L.: capellas, V.: pecus visere montīs, H.: ante se Thyum, N.: in exsilium, L.: Iris nubibus acta, borne on, V.: alqm in crucem, to crucify: Illum aget Fama, will carry, H.: quo hinc te agis? whither are you going? T.: se primus agebat, strode in front, V.: capellas potum, V.—Prov.: agas asellum, i. e. if you can't afford an ox, drive an ass. — Pass., to go, march: quo multitudo agebatur, L.: citius agi vellet agmen, march on quicker, L.: raptim agmine acto, L.— Esp., to drive away, carry off, steal, rob, plunder: pecoris praedas, S.; freq. with ferre, to rob, plunder: ferre agere plebem plebisque res, L.: res sociorum ferri agique vidit, L.—To chase, pursue, hunt: apros, V.: cervum, V. — Fig.: dum haec crimina agam ostiatim, track out from house to house: ceteros ruerem, agerem, T.: palantīs Troas, V.—To move, press, push forward, advance, bring up: multa undique portari atque agi, Cs.: vineis ad oppidum actis, pushed forward, Cs.: moles, Cu.: cloaca maxima sub terram agenda, to be carried under ground, L.: cuniculos ad aerarium, drive: per glaebas radicibus actis, O.: pluma in cutem radices egerit, struck deep root, O.: vera gloria radices agit: tellus Fissa agit rimas, opens in fissures, O.: in litus navīs, beached, L.: navem, to steer, H.: currūs, to drive, O.: per agmen limitem ferro, V.: vias, make way, V.: (sol) amicum Tempus agens, bringing the welcome hour (of sunset), H.—To throw out, stir up: spumas ore, V.: spumas in ore: se laetus ad auras Palmes agit, shoots up into the air, V.—Animam agere, to expire: nam et agere animam et efflare dicimus; cf. et gestum et animam ageres, i. e. exert yourself in gesturing and risk your life. — Fig., to lead, direct, guide: (poëmata), animum auditoris, H.— To move, impel, excite, urge, prompt, induce, rouse, drive: quae te Mens agit in facinus? O.: ad illa te, H.: eum praecipitem: viros spe praedae diversos agit, leads astray, S.: bonitas, quae nullis casibus agitur, N.: quemcunque inscitia veri Caecum agit, blinds, H.: quibus actus fatis, V.: seu te discus agit, occupies, H.: nos exquirere terras, V.: desertas quaerere terras agimur, V. — To pursue for harm, persecute, disturb, vex, attack, assail: reginam stimulis, V.: agentia verba Lycamben, H.: diris agam vos, H.: quam deus ultor agebat, O.—To pursue, carry on, think, reflect, deliberate, treat, represent, exhibit, exercise, practise, act, perform, deliver, pronounce: nihil, to be idle: omnia per nos, in person: agendi tempus, a time for action: industria in agendo: apud primos agebat, fought in the van, S.: quae continua bella agimus, are busy with, L.: (pes) natus rebus agendis, the metre appropriate to dramatic action, H.: Quid nunc agimus? what shall we do now? T.: quid agam, habeo, i. e. I know what to do, T.: quid agitur? how are you? T.: quid agis, dulcissime rerum? i. e. how are you? H.: vereor, quid agat Ino, what is to become of: quid agis? what do you mean? nihil agis, it is of no use, T.: nihil agis, dolor, quamvis, etc.: cupis abire, sed nihil agis, usque tenebo, you cannot succeed, H.: ubi blanditiis agitur nihil, O.—Esp., hoc or id agere, to give attention to, mind, heed: hocine agis, an non? are you attending? T.: id quod et agunt et moliuntur, their purpose and aim: qui id egerunt, ut gentem conlocarent, etc., aimed at this: sin autem id actum est, ut, etc., if it was their aim: summā vi agendum esse, ut, etc., L.: certiorem eum fecit, id agi, ut pons dissolveretur, it was planned, N.: Hoc age, ne, etc., take care, H.: alias res agis, you are not listening, T.: aliud agens ac nihil eius modi cogitans, bent on other plans: animadverti eum alias res agere, paid no attention: vides, quam alias res agamus, are otherwise occupied: populum aliud nunc agere, i. e. are indifferent.—To perform, do, transact: ne quid negligenter: suum negotium, attend to his own business: neque satis constabat, quid agerent, what they were at, Cs.: agentibus divina humanaque consulibus, busy with auspices and affairs, L.: per litteras agere, quae cogitas, carry on, N.: (bellum) cum feminis, Cu.: conventum, to hold an assize: ad conventūs agendos, to preside at, Cs.: census actus eo anno, taken, L.— Of public transactions, to manage, transact, do, discuss, speak, deliberate: quae (res) inter eos agi coeptae, negotiations begun, Cs.: de condicionibus pacis, treat, L.: quorum de poenā agebatur, L.— Hence, agere cum populo, of magistrates, to address the people on a law or measure (cf. agere ad populum, to propose, bring before the people): cum populo de re p.—Of a speaker or writer, to treat, discuss, narrate: id quod agas, your subject: bella per quartum iam volumen, L.: haec dum agit, during this speech, H.—In law, to plead, prosecute, advocate: lege agito, go to law, T.: causam apud iudices: aliter causam agi, to be argued on other grounds: cum de bonis et de caede agatur, in a cause relating to, etc.: tamquam ex syngraphā agere cum populo, to litigate: ex sponso egit: agere lege in hereditatem, sue for: crimen, to press an accusation: partis lenitatis et misericordiae, to plead the cause of mercy: ii per quos agitur, the counsel: causas, i. e. to practise law: me agente, while I am counsel: ii apud quos agitur, the judges; hence, of a judge: rem agere, to hear: reos, to prosecute, L.: alqm furti, to accuse of theft. —Pass., to be in suit, be in question, be at stake: non capitis eius res agitur, sed pecuniae, T.: aguntur iniuriae sociorum, agitur vis legum.—To represent, act, perform, of an orator: cum dignitate.—Of an actor: fabulam, T.: partīs, to assume a part, T.: Ballionem, the character of: gestum agere in scena, appear as actors: canticum, L. — Fig.: lenem mitemque senatorem, act the part of, L.: noluit hodie agere Roscius: cum egerunt, when they have finished acting: triumphum, to triumph, O.: de classe populi R. triumphum, over, etc.: ex Volscis et ex Etruriā, over, etc., L.: noctu vigilias, keep watch: alta silentia, to be buried in silence, O.: arbitria victoriae, to exercise a conqueror's prerogative, Cu.: paenitentiam, to repent, Cu.: oblivia, to forget, O.: gratias (poet. grates) agere, to give thanks, thank: maximas tibi gratias: alcui gratias quod fecisset, etc., Cs.: grates parenti, O. — Of time, to spend, pass, use, live through: cum dis aevom: securum aevom, H.: dies festos, celebrate: ruri vitam, L.: otia, V.: quartum annum ago et octogesimum, in my eightyfourth year: ver magnus agebat orbis, was experiencing, V.— Pass: mensis agitur hic septimus, postquam, etc., going on seven months since, T.: bene acta vita, well spent: tunc principium anni agebatur, L.: melior pars acta (est) diei, is past, V. — Absol, to live, pass time, be: civitas laeta agere, rejoiced, S.—Meton., to treat, deal, confer, talk with: quae (patria) tecum sic agit, pleads: haec inter se dubiis de rebus, V.: Callias quidam egit cum Cimone, ut, etc., tried to persuade C., N.: agere varie, rogando alternis suadendoque coepit, L.—With bene, praeclare, male, etc., to deal well or ill with, treat or use well or ill: praeclare cum eis: facile est bene agere cum eis.— Pass impers., to go well or ill with one, be well or badly off: intelleget secum esse actum pessime: in quibus praeclare agitur, si, etc., who are well off, if, etc.—Poet.: Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur, will be treated, V.— Pass, to be at stake, be at hazard, be concerned, be in peril: quasi mea res minor agatur quam tua, T.: in quibus eorum caput agatur: ibi rem frumentariam agi cernentes, L.: si sua res ageretur, if his interests were involved: agitur pars tertia mundi, is at risk, O.: non agitur de vectigalibus, S.—Praegn., to finish, complete, only pass: actā re ad fidem pronius est, after it is done, L.: iucundi acti labores, past: ad impediendam rem actam, an accomplished fact, L.— Prov.: actum, aiunt, ne agas, i. e. don't waste your efforts, T.: acta agimus: Actum est, it is all over, all is lost, T.: iam de Servio actum rati, L.: acta haec res est, is lost, T.: tantā mobilitate sese Numidae agunt, behave, S.: ferocius agunt equites, L.: quod nullo studio agebant, because they were careless, Cs.: cum simulatione agi timoris iubet, Cs.—Imper. as interj, come now, well, up: age, da veniam filio, T.: en age, rumpe moras, V.: agite dum, L.: age porro, tu, cur, etc.? age vero, considerate, etc.: age, age, iam ducat: dabo, good, T.: age, sit ita factum.